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Advancing Medulloblastoma Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms, Drug Repurposing, and Precision Therapies.

Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors, representing approximately 20% of the central nervous system cancers in children. These tumors are highly heterogeneous and classified into four molecular subgroups-WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4-each with distinct genetic and epigenetic profiles that influence tumor behavior, therapeutic response, and patient outcomes. Advances in molecular diagnostics have improved the subclassification of medulloblastomas, yet treatment outcomes for high-risk subtypes, particularly Group 3, remain poor, with current modalities often asso

9th Trends in Medical Mycology Held on 11-14 October 2019, Nice, France, Organized under the Auspices of EORTC-IDG and ECMM.

Dear Friends and Colleagues,It is a great honor and pleasure for us to invite you cordially to participate in the 9th Congress on Trends in Medical Mycology (TIMM-9) [...].

ISEV2019 Abstract Book

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Acute myeloid leukemia: from NGS, through scRNA-seq, to CAR-T. dissect cancer heterogeneity and tailor the treatment.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant blood cancer with marked cellular heterogeneity due to altered maturation and differentiation of myeloid blasts, the possible causes of which are transcriptional or epigenetic alterations, impaired apoptosis, and excessive cell proliferation. This neoplasm has a high rate of resistance to anticancer therapies and thus a high risk of relapse and mortality because of both the biological diversity of the patient and intratumoral heterogeneity due to the acquisition of new somatic changes. For more than 40 years, the old gold standard "one size fits all"

Экстраклектные везикли для клинической диагностики: от массовых измерений до одновидового анализа.

Экстраклектные везикулы (ЭМ) играют ключевую роль в межклеточном общении, сигнальных путях и патогенезе заболеваний, перевозя биомолекулы, такие, как ДНК, РНК, белки и липиды, полученные из клеток их происхождения, и они продемонстрировали значительный потенциал в области клинического применения. Их клиническое значение подчеркивает необходимость применения чувствительных методов для полной реализации их диагностического потенциала. В рамках этого всеобъемлющего обзора мы изучаем гетерогенность ЭМ, связанную с биогенезом, структурой, содержанием, происхождением, типом выборки и функциональными

Early-Onset Osteoporosis: Rare Monogenic Forms Elucidate the Complexity of Disease Pathogenesis Beyond Type I Collagen.

Early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP), characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures, affects children, premenopausal women and men aged <50 years. EOOP may be secondary to a chronic illness, long-term medication, nutritional deficiencies, etc. If no such cause is identified, EOOP is regarded primary and may then be related to rare variants in genes playing a pivotal role in bone homeostasis. If the cause remains unknown, EOOP is considered idiopathic. The scope of this review is to guide through clinical and genetic diagnostics of EOOP, summarize the present knowledge on rare monoge

T-cell receptor-based therapy: an innovative therapeutic approach for solid tumors.

T-cell receptor (TCR)-based adoptive therapy employs genetically modified lymphocytes that are directed against specific tumor markers. This therapeutic modality requires a structured and integrated process that involves patient screening (e.g., for HLA-A*02:01 and specific tumor targets), leukapheresis, generation of transduced TCR product, lymphodepletion, and infusion of the TCR-based adoptive therapy. In this review, we summarize the current technology and early clinical development of TCR-based therapy in patients with solid tumors. The challenges of TCR-based therapy include those associ

AMMI и GПЭ анализ биплетов генотипа на основе взаимодействия с окружающей средой для определения урожайности и составных характеристик кондитерского арбуза.

На мировом рынке существует высокий спрос на высококачественный съедобный арбуз, особенно для использования столовых орехов. Индия, в частности, обладает значительным потенциалом для экспорта кондитерских орехов с большим семяным орехом. Окружающая среда оказывает значительное влияние на выражение семян, что впоследствии влияет на качество кондитерских генотипов арахисовых орехов. В Индии штаты Гуджарат и Раджастхан являются известными производителями высококачественных арбузов, специально используемых для изготовления кондитерских изделий. Текущее исследование было проведено совместно с 43 Гу

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… DNA Fingerprinting, fixation-index (Fst), and admixture mapping of selected bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] verdc) accessions using ISSR markers system. Sci. Rep. 2021;11:14527. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93867-5. 25. Ajay BC, Bera SK, Singh AL, Kumar N, Gangadhar K, Kona P. …

Targeting the BMP Pathway in Prostate Cancer Induced Bone Disease.

From the 33,000 men in the U.S. who die from prostate cancer each year, the majority of these patients exhibit metastatic disease with bone being the most common site of metastasis. Prostate cancer bone metastases are commonly blastic, exhibiting new growth of unhealthy sclerotic bone, which can cause painful skeletal related events. Patient's current care entails androgen deprivation therapy, anti-resorptive agents, radiation, and chemotherapy to help control the spread of the cancer but little intervention is available to treat blastic bone disease. The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)

Plasma microRNA profiles: identification of miR-25 as a novel diagnostic and monitoring biomarker in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs are stably detectable in plasma/serum because of their binding to specific proteins or being packaged in secretory particles. This study was designed to detect novel microRNAs in plasma for cancer detection and monitoring using microRNA array-based approaches in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.MethodsThrough the integration of two Toray 3D-Gene microRNA array-based approaches to compare plasma microRNA levels between ESCC patients and healthy volunteers and between preoperative and postoperative ESCC patients, we ide

Dermatologic conditions in women receiving systemic cancer therapy.

As advances in cancer therapies have improved cancer-related survival, novel therapeutics have also introduced a variety of dermatologic toxicities, and an increased number of patients are living with these sequalae. Women with cancer in particular experience a spectrum of dermatologic conditions that affect their skin, hair, nail, and mucosal surfaces. Studies have shown that these toxic effects can significantly affect quality of life and alter a woman's self-image, cultural identity, femininity, sexuality, and mental health. In severe instances, dermatologic toxicities may even disrupt canc

Current Advances in Coptidis Rhizoma for Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers.

Cancer is a serious disease with an increasing number of reported cases and high mortality worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancer defines a group of cancers in the digestive system, e.g., liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Coptidis Rhizoma (C. Rhizoma; Huanglian, in Chinese) is a classical Chinese medicinal botanical drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and has been shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activity, including antifungal, antivirus, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and cardioprotective effects. Recent studies on C. Rhizoma present sig

Deciphering transcriptomic changes in chemobrain: a comprehensive review.

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments (CICI), colloquially known as "chemobrain," represents a profound and debilitating side effect experienced by a significant number of cancer survivors, impacting their memory, multitasking, and quality of life. This review critically evaluates the molecular mechanisms underlying CICI, with a particular focus on the insights gained from transcriptomic analyses. As cancer incidence rises globally, understanding the complex interplay between chemotherapy agents and their cognitive repercussions becomes increasingly vital. Key mechanisms implicated in CIC

Long non-coding RNAs in bone metastasis: progresses and perspectives as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

In a precision medicine perspective, among the biomarkers potentially useful for early diagnosis of cancers, as well as to define their prognosis and eventually to identify novel and more effective therapeutic targets, there are the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The term lncRNA identifies a class of non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression that intervene at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic level. Metastasis is a natural evolution of some malignant tumours, frequently encountered in patients with advanced cancers. Onset and development of

Translation of Epigenetics in Cell-Free DNA Liquid Biopsy Technology and Precision Oncology.

Technological advancements in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) liquid biopsy have triggered exponential growth in numerous clinical applications. While cfDNA-based liquid biopsy has made significant strides in personalizing cancer treatment, the exploration and translation of epigenetics in liquid biopsy to clinical practice is still nascent. This comprehensive review seeks to provide a broad yet in-depth narrative of the present status of epigenetics in cfDNA liquid biopsy and its associated challenges. It highlights the potential of epigenetics in cfDNA liquid biopsy technologies with the hopes of enha

Абстрактный сборник ISEV2022.

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Exploring human plasma proteomic variations in mucolipidosis type IV.

Mucolipidosis IV (MLIV) is an autosomal-recessive pediatric disease that leads to motor and cognitive deficits and loss of vision. It is caused by loss of function of the lysosomal channel transient receptor potential mucolipin-1, TRPML1, and is associated with an early brain phenotype consisting of glial reactivity, hypomyelination, and lysosomal abnormalities. Although the field is approaching the first translationally relevant therapy, we currently lack a molecular signature of disease that can be used to detect therapeutic efficacy. Here, we analyzed 7,322 proteins in the plasma proteome f

Monitoring concentration and lipid signature of plasma extracellular vesicles from HR+ metastatic breast cancer patients under CDK4/6 inhibitors treatment.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived small membrane structures that transport various molecules. They have emerged as potential circulating biomarkers for monitoring responses to cancer therapies. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize plasma-carried EVs in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors (iCDK4/6) combined with endocrine therapy. MBC patients were classified into three groups based on their response to therapy: resistant, intermediate or sensitive. In a prospective cohort, we monitored the con

Gene regulation by non-Coding RNAs in infertility: a mechanistic review.

Infertility is a significant global health issue affecting millions of couples, with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) emerging as pivotal regulators in reproductive biology. This review explores the roles of various ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in male and female infertility. These ncRNAs modulate critical processes such as spermatogenesis, oogenesis, follicular development, and embryo implantation through mechanisms like post-transcriptional regulation, chromatin remode

Role of Autophagy and AMPK in Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities and Obstacles in Cancer.

Cancer stem cells represent a resilient subset within the tumor microenvironment capable of differentiation, regeneration, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, often using dormancy as a shield. Their unique properties, including drug resistance and metastatic potential, pose challenges for effective targeting. These cells exploit certain metabolic processes for their maintenance and survival. One of these processes is autophagy, which generally helps in energy homeostasis but when hijacked by CSCs can help maintain their stemness. Thus, it is often referred as an Achilles heel in CSCs, a