Результаты поиска

Recent Progress of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications.

The insufficient and unspecific target of traditional therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, accumulating discoveries about stem cell biology have provided new potential approaches to cure cancer patients. Stem cells possess unique biological actions, including self-renewal, directional migration, differentiation, and modulatory effects on other cells, which can be utilized as regenerative medicine, therapeutic carriers, drug targeting, and generation of immune cells. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms

Radioprotectors & mitigators in radiation therapy: Harnessing diverse pathways for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Radioprotectors are agents that protect normal tissues from the harmful effects of radiation during cancer treatment. Combining these protective agents with advanced radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and proton therapy offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. However, despite extensive research and the identification of numerous potential radioprotectors, only a few have made it into clinical practice. It is primarily because the transition from laboratory research to clinical application faces sign

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Ionizing radiation (X, α, β, γ rays, neutrons, heavy ions) generates lipid peroxides, ceramides, and ROS, damaging DNA, membranes, and mitochondria, leading to cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis. Growth stimulating hormones (GSH) and antioxidants detoxify ROS. … ion, 4-8 Gy (mice/rat); 60Co-γ (cell/animal); 80 Gy X-ray (zebrafish embryos) | Modulates the mononuclear-macrophageal cell system | DMF: Not known | 39 Eicosanoids | Animal models (mice, rats); in vitro ; combination regimens | Administered before irradiation; dose varies by agent ( e.g. , prostaglandins …

Natural products targeting ferroptosis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and applications.

Ferroptosis is a novel class of programmed cell death that is mainly dependent on intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is closely related to a variety of human diseases, especially different kinds of cancer. Several small molecule inducers have been developed to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells, some of which have been used in clinical studies. However, these chemical small molecules have toxic effects that limit its wide application. Natural products, however, have a natural advantage in cancer therapy due to their low toxicity and side effects. Some natural pr

Drug-Drug Interactions of Cannabidiol with Standard-of-Care Chemotherapeutics.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is an easily accessible and affordable Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) plant derivative with an extensive history of medical use spanning thousands of years. Interest in the therapeutic potential of CBD has increased in recent years, including its anti-tumour properties in various cancer models. In addition to the direct anticancer effects of CBD, preclinical research on numerous cannabinoids, including CBD, has highlighted their potential use in: (i) attenuating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and (ii) enhancing the efficacy of some anticancer drugs. Therefore, CBD is ga

Ionic Plasticity: Common Mechanistic Underpinnings of Pathology in Spinal Cord Injury and the Brain.

The neurotransmitter GABA is normally characterized as having an inhibitory effect on neural activity in the adult central nervous system (CNS), which quells over-excitation and limits neural plasticity. Spinal cord injury (SCI) can bring about a modification that weakens the inhibitory effect of GABA in the central gray caudal to injury. This change is linked to the downregulation of the potassium/chloride cotransporter (KCC2) and the consequent rise in intracellular Cl- in the postsynaptic neuron. As the intracellular concentration increases, the inward flow of Cl- through an ionotropic GABA

The metabolites from traditional Chinese medicine targeting ferroptosis for cancer therapy.

Cancer is a major disease with ever-increasing morbidity and mortality. The metabolites derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have played a significant role in combating cancers with curative efficacy and unique advantages. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxide, stands out from the conventional forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Recent evidence has demonstrated the potential of TCM metabolites targeting ferroptosis for cancer therapy. We collected and screened related articles publ

Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots.

Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute to mutagenicity and malignant transformation. Once transformed, malignant cells require high amounts of iron for proliferation. In addition, iron has multiple regulatory effects on the immune system, thus affecting tumor surveillance by immune cells. For these reasons, inconsiderate iron supplementation in cancer patients has the potential of worsening disease course and outcome. On the other hand, chronic im

Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with recombinant human parathyroid hormone and electromagnetic field.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) combined with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover indicators in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients. METHODS: A total of 336 PMOP patients were randomly assigned into three groups: EMF + rhPTH group (n = 115), rhPTHx group (n = 113) and EMF group (n = 108). The lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were measured before treatment and at 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment. Blood calcium, bone alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), type I procollagen N-termi

Identification of CKS2 and RRM2 as potential markers of vitiligo using bioinformatics analysis.

Previous studies have attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of vitiligo; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore biomarkers related to vitiligo through bioinformatic analysis. The microarray datasets GSE53146 and GSE65127 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Firstly, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE53146 were screened, and then an enrichment analysis was performed. Secondly, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using the STRING database, and the key genes were screened using the MCODE plu

Biomimetic materials for medical applications.

AbstractRecent advances in biomedical research have facilitated the exploration of biomimetic materials and their potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. This review synthesizes reports of recent research into biomimetic materials and provides a focused analysis of their therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy across multiple physiological systems, including the locomotor, digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, nervous, integumentary, hematopoietic, and circulatory systems. These findings highlight the transformative potential of these materials in the management of systemic diseases.

The Relationship between Changes in Serum Element Concentrations and Pathological Condition and Disease Status in Japanese Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Pilot Study and Literature Review.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a rare cancer, and information on its pathological condition and serum element levels is lacking. In this pilot study, we examined serum element concentrations in Japanese patients with MM by a comprehensive multi-element analysis.MethodsThis is a case-control study of 12 Japanese patients diagnosed with MM at the Nagoya City University Hospital between 2008 and 2013. Blood samples were taken, at the initial diagnosis and at relapse. The serum concentrations of 12 elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and compared between MM p

Therapeutic Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome-Based Formulae to Neuropathic Pain Caused by Chemotherapy.

ObjectiveChemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) is a troublesome complication of anti-cancer treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effectiveness of classic Chinese herbal formulae (CHF) Huang Qi Gui Zhi Wu Wu Tang (HQGZWWT) and Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (DGSNT) in the treatment of CINP.Materials and methodsDouleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaires were rated at baseline and after 3-monthly CHF treatment.ResultsBy searching through our medical records of all the CIPN patients from 2018 to 2019, we id

Aptamers and Antisense Oligonucleotides for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases.

Aptamers or chemical antibodies are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that bind proteins and small molecules with high affinity and specificity by recognizing tertiary or quaternary structures as antibodies. Aptamers can be easily produced in vitro through a process known as systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) or a cell-based SELEX procedure. Aptamers and modified aptamers, such as slow, off-rate, modified aptamers (SOMAmers), can bind to target molecules with less polar and more hydrophobic interactions showing slower dissociation rates, higher stability,

Biosensors, Artificial Intelligence Biosensors, False Results and Novel Future Perspectives.

Medical biosensors have set the basis of medical diagnostics, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has boosted diagnostics to a great extent. However, false results are evident in every method, so it is crucial to identify the reasons behind a possible false result in order to control its occurrence. This is the first critical state-of-the-art review article to discuss all the commonly used biosensor types and the reasons that can give rise to potential false results. Furthermore, AI is discussed in parallel with biosensors and their misdiagnoses, and again some reasons for possible false results

Modulating glycosphingolipid metabolism and autophagy improves outcomes in pre-clinical models of myeloma bone disease.

Patients with multiple myeloma, an incurable malignancy of plasma cells, frequently develop osteolytic bone lesions that severely impact quality of life and clinical outcomes. Eliglustat, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, reduced osteoclast-driven bone loss in preclinical in vivo models of myeloma. In combination with zoledronic acid, a bisphosphonate that treats myeloma bone disease, eliglustat provided further protection from bone loss. Autophagic degradation of TRAF3, a key step for osteoclast differentiation, was inhibited by eliglustat as ev

Long-Term Effects, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Risk Factors of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathies: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Neurotoxic anticancer drugs, such as platinum-based anticancer drugs, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and proteasome/angiogenesis inhibitors are responsible for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The health consequences of CIPN remain worrying as it is associated with several comorbidities and affects a specific population of patients already impacted by cancer, a strong driver for declines in older adults. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the long-term effects of CIPN in cancer patients and survivors. Pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors

Final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin.

Capsicum-derived ingredients function as skin-conditioning agents--miscellaneous, external analgesics, flavoring agents, or fragrance components in cosmetics. These ingredients are used in 19 cosmetic products at concentrations as high as 5%. Cosmetic-grade material may be extracted using hexane, ethanol, or vegetable oil and contain the full range of phytocompounds that are found in the Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens plant (aka red chiles), including Capsaicin. Aflatoxin and N-nitroso compounds (N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine) have been detected as contaminants. The u

Analyzing the factors associated with efficacy among teriparatide treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Teriparatide (TPTD) is a widely used anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Several factors have been identified to be related to bone mineral density (BMD) increase in anti-osteoporosis treatment with other agents; however, there has been no systematic analysis to summarize the associated determinants of BMD reaction to daily teriparatide treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we performed a comprehensive investigation involving not only clinical data but also several relevant lifestyle factors to be examined for their potential contribution to BMD response.

Биомаркеры по исследованиям в области клинической медицины: исследование литературы в базе данных PubMed и критическая оценка.

Биомаркер, короткая форма "биологического маркера", появилась в научной литературе в 1940-х годах. С тех пор было предложено множество различных определений, однако общеприменимое объяснение термина " биомаркер " в науке является чрезвычайно сложным. Слово "биомаркер" встречается в 1.3 million статьи в научной базе данных PubMed , которая в настоящее время включает более 39 million Ссылки на биомедицинскую литературу. Биомаркеры тесно связаны со здоровьем и болезнями человека. В настоящей статье делается попытка подойти к многогранному термину "биомаркет" и оценить его с клинической

Synthetic Flozins in Cancer Prevention and Combination Strategies: Structural Insights and Therapeutic Potential.

The growing number of cancer cases highlights the urgent need to develop new therapies based on effective molecules. Although anticancer activity remains a key element of oncological pharmacology, the importance of agents that support physiological functions and improve the quality of life of cancer patients is also recognised. Compounds that combine these two functions could represent a significant trend in oncology. Moreover, repurposing approved drugs for conditions beyond their original indications could be a promising strategy. An interesting example of this is synthetic flozins (SGLT2 in