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Sonic hedgehog signaling from the urethral epithelium controls external genital development.

External genital development begins with formation of paired genital swellings, which develop into the genital tubercle. Proximodistal outgrowth and axial patterning of the genital tubercle are coordinated to give rise to the penis or clitoris. The genital tubercle consists of lateral plate mesoderm, surface ectoderm, and endodermal urethral epithelium derived from the urogenital sinus. We have investigated the molecular control of external genital development in the mouse embryo. Previous work has shown that the genital tubercle has polarizing activity, but the precise location of this activi…

Efficient Cre-mediated deletion in cardiac progenitor cells conferred by a 3'UTR-ires-Cre allele of the homeobox gene Nkx2-5.

Conditional gene targeting and transgenic strategies utilizing Cre recombinase have been successfully applied to the analysis of development … deletion was seen not only in myocardium, but also endocardium, dorsal mesocardium and pericardial mesoderm. The Cre domain apparently includes cells dorsal to the heart that have been shown to constitute a secondary heart field, contributing myocardium to the outflow tract. Other sites of Nkx2-5 expression, including pharyngeal endoderm and its derivativ …

Targeted mutagenesis of the transcription factor GATA-4 gene in mouse embryonic stem cells disrupts visceral endoderm differentiation in vitro.

Transcription factor GATA-4 belongs to a family of zinc finger proteins involved in lineage determination. GATA-4 is first expressed in yolk … and the factors expressed by visceral endoderm that influence differentiation of adjoining ectoderm/mesoderm.

Primary midline developmental field. I. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics.

Opitz [BD:OAS XXIX(1):3-37, 1993] has postulated that during early blastogenesis the entire embryo represents a single morphogenetic unit, the primary field. During this period, beginning gastrulation, the most important events are the formation of the midline and the mesoderm. Consequently, one could expect that dysmorphogenetic reactions of the primary field are likely to disturb more than one of the essential events of blastogenesis, such as fusion, lateralization, decussation, segmentation, morphogenetic movements, asymmetry formation, etc. I have used the 20,891 liveborn malformed infants…

Immunohistochemical localization of chondroitin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in pre-spina bifida splotch mouse embryos.

The splotch (Sp) mutation on mouse chromosome I is a genetic model for the neural tube defects spina bifida and exencephaly. Embryos carrying Sp or its allele splotch-delayed (Spd), have been shown to have delays in neural tube closure, and neural crest cell emigration, as well as a reduction in extracellular space around the neural tube. Pre-spina bifida Sp and Spd embryos have abnormalities of notochord, mesoderm and neuroepithelial development. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) have been shown to play essential roles during neural tube closur…

Nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor expression in chicken cranial development.

In order to map the expression of receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF) during brain and cranial ganglia development, iodinated NGF (125I … 25I beta NGF to cranial cells of different origin (neural tube, neural crest, placode, and possibly mesoderm) strengthen the concept that NGF may have diverse functions in growth and differentiation of various tissues and cell types.

Amiodarone-mediated thyroid hormone disruption induces mitochondrial apoptosis and G1 arrest during chick embryogenesis.

Thyroid hormones (THs) coordinate proliferation, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling during vertebrate development, yet how TH signaling constr … in total embryonic deiodinase capacity from day 2 to day 4. Treated embryos developed lateral plate mesoderm-associated craniofacial, limb, and ventral body-wall defects and exhibited widespread apoptosis, as evidenced by Nile blue sulfate staining, DNA laddering, TUNEL, Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry, and cleaved CASPASE-3 immunolocalization. q …

Retinoic acid as a stage-specific modulator of hematopoietic lineage fate from human pluripotent stem cells.

Retinoic acid (RA), a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, plays roles in early embryogenesis and hematopoietic development. However, its prec … ion system, we demonstrated that RA exerted minimal or inhibitory effects when applied during early mesoderm or hemogenic endothelial stages. In contrast, RA treatment during days 13-15 significantly enhanced progenitor maturation, proliferation, and functional output. Notably, RA acted cooperatively with external cytokines to modulate lineage fate. In the …

Differential bone and vessel type formation at superior and dura periosteum during cranial bone defect repair.

The cranial mesenchyme, originating from both neural crest and mesoderm, imparts remarkable regional specificity and complexity to postnatal calvarial tissue. While the distinct embryonic origins of the superior and dura periosteum of the cranial parietal bone have been described, the extent of their respective contributions to bone and vessel formation during adult bone defect repair remains superficially explored. Utilizing transgenic mouse models in conjunction with high-resolution multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM), we have separately evaluated bone and vessel formation in the s…

Meflin/ISLR is a meningeal cell-specific marker involved in the development of meninges and meningioma progression.

The meninges, which originate from the neural crest cells and mesoderm, play crucial roles in the formation, protection, and homeostasis of the central nervous system. Meningiomas, which arise from the meninges, are the most common primary intracranial tumors, and their recurrence and malignant transformation represent major clinical challenges. Recent studies have identified mesenchymal stromal cell- and fibroblast-expressing Linx paralogue (Meflin), as being expressed in the meninges, but its role in meningeal development and meningioma pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this stud…

Sox8: многогранный фактор транскрипции развития и болезней.

Sox8 — коэффициент транскрипции, который относится к семейству Sox в домене высокомобильной группы, содержащем белки, и тесно связан с Sox9 и Sox10. Во время дородового развития Sox8 выражается в нескольких эктодермовых, эндодермовых и мезодермовых тканях и причастно к процессам органогенеза и дифференциации. Выражение Sox8 встречается в ряде важных клеток, таких как клетки Sertoli в мужском гонаде, глиальные клетки, спутниковые клетки и хондроциты. Однако Sox8 не имеет существенного значения для надлежащей разработки любой из соответствующих систем, поскольку он работает излишне с Sox9 или So

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Sox8 is a transcription factor that belongs to the Sox family of high-mobility-group domain containing proteins and is closely related to Sox9 and Sox10. During prenatal development, Sox8 is expressed in several ectoderm-, endoderm- and mesoderm-derived tissues and has been implicated in processes of organogenesis and differentiation. Sox8 expression is foun…

Heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system and development of the heart.

Progressive differentiation controlled by intercellular signaling between pharyngeal mesoderm, foregut endoderm, and neural crest-derived mesenchyme is required for normal embryonic and fetal development. Gasotransmitters (criteria: 1) a small gas molecule; 2) freely permeable across membranes; 3) endogenously and enzymatically produced and its production regulated; 4) well-defined and specific functions at physiologically relevant concentrations; 5) functions can be mimicked by exogenously applied counterpart; and 6) cellular effects may or may not be second messenger-mediated, but should hav…

Multifunctional extracellular vesicles and edaravone-loaded scaffolds for kidney tissue regeneration by activating GDNF/RET pathway.

With the severity of chronic kidney disease worldwide, strategies to recover renal function via tissue regeneration provide alternatives to … of two EVs from SDF-1α overexpressed tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (sEVs) and intermediate mesoderm (IM) cells during differentiation into kidney progenitor cells (dEVs). mEVs displayed beneficial effects on regeneration by facilitating migration and inducing differentiation of surrounding stem cells, and EDV improved kidney function by regulating …

Chiari I Deformity: Beyond 5 mm below the Foramen Magnum.

Although originally described as a consecutive series of pathologic changes, Chiari syndrome represents a spectrum of disease divided into two subsets: development deformities of the paraxial mesoderm manifesting after birth (types 0-1.5) and true congenital malformations due to failure of neural tube closure present in utero (types 2-5). Heterogeneity among patients with a Chiari deformity and incomplete understanding of its pathophysiologic characteristics have led to inconsistency in radiologic reporting and difficulty in defining appropriate management strategies tailored to an individual …

Comparative stereological evaluation of the term allantochorion membrane in the mare pregnant with mule foals and equine foals.

Mules are derived from crossing horse mares with a donkey, in which the interest is due to gentleness and ability to work and equestrian spo … partments. A trend toward a greater total volume of allantoid vessels and total volume of allantoid mesoderm in UB microvilli was found in the equine and mule groups, respectively. There was a significant increase in the base width of microcotyledons in the NGUH of mules versus horses. These finds possibly influence the exchange capacity of each placental …

Degree of leukochimerism with calf age in Angus-crossbred twin sets.

Twinning in cattle is infrequent and usually undesired. It can result in an increased occurrence of abortion and dystocia, reduced calf surv … lf and the co-twin owing to the fetal migration of hematopoietic stem cells from the extraembryonic mesoderm of the yolk sac to final sites like bone marrow and thymus. This study examined the degree to which this leukochimerism changes with age. DNA was extracted from hair bulbs containing mesenchymal dermal papilla to determine the individual's true geno …

Foxc1 and Foxc2 function in osteochondral progenitors for the progression through chondrocyte hypertrophy and mineralization of the primary ossification center.

The forkhead box transcription factor genes Foxc1 and Foxc2 are expressed in the condensing mesenchyme of the developing skeleton prior to the onset of chondrocyte differentiation. To determine the roles of these transcription factors in limb development we deleted both Foxc1 and Foxc2 in lateral plate mesoderm using the Prx1-cre mouse line. Resulting compound homozygous mice died shortly after birth with exencephaly, and malformations to this sternum and limb skeleton. Notably distal limb structures were preferentially affected, with the autopods displaying reduced or absent mineralization. T…

Mice lacking nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35A3 exhibit lethal chondrodysplasia with vertebral anomalies and impaired glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.

SLC35A3 is considered an uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) transporter in mammals and regulates the branching of N-glycan … ng CVM-like vertebral anomalies. During embryogenesis, Slc35a3 mRNA was expressed in the presomitic mesoderm of wild-type mice, suggesting that SLC35A3 transports UDP-GlcNAc used for the sugar modification that is essential for somite formation. In the growth plate cartilage of Slc35a3-/-embryos, extracellular space was drastically reduced, and many flat p …

Antagonistic regulation of homeologous uncx.L and uncx.S genes orchestrates myotome and sclerotome differentiation in the evolutionarily divergent vertebral column of Xenopus laevis.

In anurans, the vertebral column diverges widely from that of other tetrapods; yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its morphogenesis rem … cks the eh1-like repressor domain. Our spatial expression analysis indicated that in the presomitic mesoderm and somites, the transcripts of uncx.L and uncx.S are located in overlapping domains. Alterations in the function of uncx genes significantly impact the development and differentiation of the sclerotome and myotome, resulting in axial skeleton malfo …

Role of autocrine bone morphogenetic protein signaling in trophoblast stem cells†.

The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway is involved in numerous developmental processes, including cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. In mouse embryogenesis, BMP signaling is a well-known morphogen for both mesoderm induction and germ cell development. Recent evidence points to a potential role in development of the extraembryonic compartment, including trophectoderm-derived tissues. In this study, we investigated the effect of BMP signaling in both mouse and human trophoblast stem cells (TSC) in vitro, evaluating the expression and activation of the BMP signaling response machi…