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Genetic Variation of Bordetella pertussis in Austria.

In Austria, vaccination coverage against Bordetella pertussis infections during infancy is estimated at around 90%. Within the last years, however, the number of pertussis cases has increased steadily, not only in children but also in adolescents and adults, indicating both insufficient herd immunity and vaccine coverage. Waning immunity in the host and/or adaptation of the bacterium to the immunised hosts could contribute to the observed re-emergence of pertussis. In this study we therefore addressed the genetic variability in B. pertussis strains from several Austrian cities. Between the yea

Immunogenicity and safety of a DTaP-IPV/Hib pentavalent vaccine given as primary and booster vaccinations in healthy infants and toddlers in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Globally, the use of single DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccines that combine DTaP-IPV and Hib is widespread, but in Japan vaccination is usually concomitant at separate sites. The immunogenicity and safety of a primary vaccination series and booster of a combined pentavalent DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine were evaluated and compared to separate administration of DTaP-IPV and Hib in Japanese infants. METHODS: Healthy Japanese infants were administered DTaP-IPV/Hib (Group A: N = 207) or DTaP-IPV + Hib (Group B: N = 207) by the subcutaneous (SC) or DTaP-IPV/Hib by the intramuscular (IM) route (Group C: N = 

Pertussis in adolescents and adults: should we vaccinate?

BACKGROUND: The incidence of reported pertussis among adolescents, adults, and young infants has increased sharply over the past decade. Combined acellular pertussis vaccines for adolescents and adults are available in Canada, Australia, and Germany and may soon be considered for use in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential health benefits, risks, and costs of a national pertussis vaccination program for adolescents and/or adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND POPULATION: The projected health states and immunity levels associated with pertussis disease and vaccination were simulated

Pediatric immunizations.

The record of disease prevention in children is an impressive testament to our universal immunization program. However, these successes are being threatened by rates of vaccination in some areas of the country that are substantially less than those seen in the developing world. Unless the pediatric immunization rates are improved, epidemics of other vaccine-preventable diseases will recur, as evidenced by the measles outbreaks. Although the tools needed for disease prevention are available, the means for their delivery are lacking. It is the obligation of us all to immunize the nation's childr

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

BACKGROUND: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable dis … atory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked firs …

Infectious diseases in Poland in 2014.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to assess epidemiological situation of infectious and parasitic diseases in Poland in 2014, an … 1 (134.0/100 000). Most of them were caused by rotavirus: 33 789 (87.8/100 000). Number of cases of whooping cough reported in 2014 was 2 101 (5.5/100 000), it was a decrease of incidence as compared with the previous year by 3.7%. After the epidemic increase in cases of rubella in 2013. there has been a decline in the incidence of the disease by 84.7%. No singl …

The penumbra of thalidomide, the litigation culture and the licensing of pharmaceuticals.

Fifty years ago several thousand children were born with severe limb defects after their mothers had been given thalidomide in pregnancy. This tragedy caused procedures for licensing new medicines to become much stricter. Where, nevertheless, significant side effects were found it became common to sue for damages. These consequences have caused possibly an even greater disaster damaging many more people and threatening ruin to health services everywhere. The huge increase in both time and cost in bringing medicines to market is increasing their price to unsupportable levels; and only wealthy c

Pertussis in high-risk groups: an overview of the past quarter-century.

Infectious diseases can impact chronic medical conditions. However, it is currently not clear how pertussis correlates with preexisting or underlying disorders. We reviewed literature from the last 25 years to describe the burden and impact of pertussis infection in specific risk groups in individuals aged ≥11 years. Our literature search returned 543 hits, of which 18 were eligible for this review. Adolescents and adults with underlying conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or obesity are potentially at increased risk of pertussis infection. Immunodeficienc

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… Pertussis, commonly known as “whooping cough,” is an acute infectious and highly contagious disease that affects people of all ages, and is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . 10 Since the introduction of effective vaccines in the 1940s, pertussis incidence has, for example, steadily decreased … Whooping cough in a renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2016;18(2):280–83. doi: 10.1111/tid.12503. 44. Janda WM, Santos E, Stevens J, Celig D, Terrile L, Schreckenberger PC. Unexpected isolation of Bordetella pertussis from a blood culture. …

Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.

BACKGROUND: Reliable and timely information on the leading causes of death in populations, and how these are changing, is a crucial input in … available data in the database. For selected causes (African trypanosomiasis, congenital syphilis, whooping cough, measles, typhoid and parathyroid, leishmaniasis, acute hepatitis E, and HIV/AIDS), we used natural history models based on information on incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality. We separately estimated cause fractions by aetiology for diarrhoea, …

Ataxia-Telangiectasia and Associated Bronchiectasis: Case Report and Literature Review.

Ataxia-telangiectasia is a rare, autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the ATM gene on chromosome 11, which encodes a serine-threonine kinase essential for the recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The disease is characterized by progressive neurological impairment, immunological dysfunction, and an increased susceptibility to recurrent infections and malignancies. Pulmonary involvement represents a major source of morbidity and frequently arises from chronic infections, aspiration, and impaired airway clearance, ultimately leading to the development

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… Chronic respiratory infections represent a major etiological factor for NCFB in children, including recurrent acute bronchitis (>3 episodes/year), Haemophilus influenzae infection, whooping cough, measles, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial or atypical bacterial infection [ 15 , 22 ]. …

Semen Quality in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Retrospective Monocentric Study in the Perspective of Personalized Oncofertility Medicine.

Background/Objectives: The hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis is known to be dysregulated in patients with hematological malignancies. However, data on the association between the type of hematological malignancies and semen quality are discordant. In the era of personalized medicine, identifying disease-specific patterns of reproductive impairment is crucial to optimize fertility preservation strategies. While patients with leukemia often show a clear deterioration in semen quality, studies on Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas have shown that spermatogenesis is not always compromised. Indeed,

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… In contrast, childhood exposure to common infectious diseases such as chickenpox, measles, mumps, rubella, or whooping cough appears to be associated with a reduced risk of HL later in life [ 10 ]. …

Editorial: The Role of Complement in Health and Disease.

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… Pertussis (whooping cough), caused by Bordetella pertussis , is still one of the most deadly childhood diseases. Hovingh et al. focused on the interaction of Vag8, one of its virulence factors, with C1-inhibitor (C1-INH). …

Disability Weights Measurement for 289 Causes of Disease Considering Disease Severity in Korea.

BackgroundFor the Korean Burden of Disease (KBD) 2015 study, we have amended disability weights for causes of disease adapting the methodology of the KBD disability weight 2012 study.MethodsWe conducted a self-administered web-based survey in Korea using ranking five causes of disease. A total of 605 physicians and medical college students who were attending in third or fourth grade of a regular course performed the survey. We converted the ranked data into paired comparison data and ran a probit regression. The predicted probabilities for each cause of disease were calculated from the coeffic

Relevance Index Regional Variation by Each Disease and Its Essential Medical Field: A Retrospective Data Analysis From 2016-2020 in Korea.

BackgroundTo precisely build a healthcare delivery system at regional levels, local patients' healthcare service utilization patterns must be examined. Hence, this study utilized trend analysis of the relevance index of each disease of each essential medical service field at the municipal and provincial levels.MethodsThis study analyzed customized databases released by the National Health Insurance Service from 2016-2020. Diseases defined in the Korean National Burden of Disease (KNBD) study were categorized into the following essential medical service fields: trauma care, cardiocerebrovascula

Evaluating the Impact of Insurer-Sponsored Health Coaching on Hospitalization and Costs in India: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Health coaching programs are emerging as a promising intervention to improve disease management and reduce healthcare costs, particularly in the context of insurer-sponsored wellness initiatives. While such programs have shown positive outcomes in Western healthcare settings, their effectiveness in India remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of a health coaching program implemented by a prominent Indian health insurer (Aditya Birla Health Insurance), focusing on hospitalization rates and claims paid among high-risk policyholders. To assess the intervention's effectiveness, a re

How does academia respond to the burden of infectious and parasitic disease?

BackgroundAcademic research is one of the main avenues through which humans can fight the threat of infectious diseases. However, there have been concerns regarding whether the academic system has provided sufficient efforts to fight infectious diseases we potentially face. Answering these questions could contribute to evidence-based recommendations for setting research priorities and third-mission policies.MethodsWith a focus on one of the most common categories of communicable diseases, infectious and parasitic diseases (IPDs), we searched Web of Science for articles and reviews relevant to

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… Childhood-cluster diseases is a general term referring to several specific conditions, which are whooping cough, diphtheria, measles and tetanus. Among them, measles has the greatest burden, with more than 140 000 measles deaths in 2018 globally [ 63 ]. … Coli" OR "V. cholerae" OR "shigellosis" OR "shigella" OR "Giardia" OR "cryptosporidium" OR "rotavirus" 5 | Childhood-cluster diseases | "Whooping cough" OR "pertussis" OR "Diphtheria" OR "diphtheriae" OR "Measles" OR "rubeola" OR "neonatal tetanus" OR "tetanus neonatal" OR "mumps virus" OR "Poliomyelitis …

Rapid health transition in China, 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.

BACKGROUND: China has undergone rapid demographic and epidemiological changes in the past few decades, including striking declines in fertility and child mortality and increases in life expectancy at birth. Popular discontent with the health system has led to major reforms. To help inform these reforms, we did a comprehensive assessment of disease burden in China, how it changed between 1990 and 2010, and how China's health burden compares with other nations. METHODS: We used results of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) for 1990 and 2010 for China

Disability Weights Measurement for 228 Causes of Disease in the Korean Burden of Disease Study 2012.

Disability weight for each disease plays a key role in combining years lived with disability and years of life lost in disability adjusted life year. For the Korean Burden of Disease 2012 study, we have conducted a re-estimation of disability weights for causes of disease by adapting the methodology of a recent Global Burden of Disease study. Our study was conducted through a self-administered web-based survey using a paired comparison (PC) as the main valuation method. A total of 496 physicians and medical college students who were attending in third or fourth grade of a regular course conduc

20 Years of Legislation - How Australia Has Responded to the Challenge of Regulating Genetically Modified Organisms in the Clinic.

•In contrast to the prior voluntary system, since 2001, gene technology in Australia has been regulated under a legislated national Gene Technology Regulatory Scheme which is administered by the Gene Technology Regulator.•The Scheme provides science-based assessment of the potential risks of gene technology to the health and safety of people and the environment.•It complements the role of the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration which regulates all therapeutic products in Australia to ensure they are safe and effective.•Recent reforms to the Scheme contribute to, and anticipate, the con

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… In Australia, the Regulator has issued licenses for clinical trials of vaccines for Respiratory syncytial virus , influenza, cholera, malaria, whooping cough, COVID-19, Cytomegalovirus , Hepatitis B, and Zika/Chikungunya viruses. …

The Danish health care system and epidemiological research: from health care contacts to database records.

Denmark has a large network of population-based medical databases, which routinely collect high-quality data as a by-product of health care provision. The Danish medical databases include administrative, health, and clinical quality databases. Understanding the full research potential of these data sources requires insight into the underlying health care system. This review describes key elements of the Danish health care system from planning and delivery to record generation. First, it presents the history of the health care system, its overall organization and financing. Second, it details d

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… These include vaccines against pneumococcal disease (PCV 7), whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, measles, German measles, mumps, Haemophilus influenzae type B, and human papilloma virus (currently Gardasil 9). … Routine vaccinations within the national immunization programs are paid for by the Regions, while vaccinations needed for, eg, vacations are not. 5 For diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough, childhood immunization coverage is >90% in Denmark. …