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Compounds from human odor induce attraction and landing in female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).

The female Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of many human diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, and Zika. Transmission of these viruses occurs when an infected female mosquito locates a suitable human host, alights, and blood feeds. Aedes aegypti use human-emitted odors, as well as heat and visual cues, for host location. However, none of the previously identified human-produced compounds induce significant orientation and landing on a human host. Here we show that female yellow fever mosquitoes orient to and land on a mixture of compounds identified from human skin rubbings. Using odor col…

Доклад по делу: Желтая лихорадка - Ассоциированная нейротропическая болезнь и связанные с ней МРТ, ЭЭГ и выводы КСФ.

Желтая лихорадка, связанная с нейтропической болезнью (YEL-AND), является редким и серьезным осложнением после вакцинации 17D вакциной от желтой лихорадки. Случаи ИЭЛ-АНД представляют собой острый провокационно-демиелинирующий полинуропати, острый распространённый энцефаломиэлит и менингоэнцефалит. На сегодняшний день внутричерепная съемка развития и разрешения этой болезни практически не отражена в литературе. Мы представляем пример 67-летней женщины, разработавшей ИЕЛ-АНД после вакцинации. Ее диагноз был осложнен снимками, созвучными с вариантом болезни Креуцфельда Якоба. Ее клиническая исто

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) is a rare and serious complication following vaccination with the 17D live attenuated yellow fever vaccine. Cases of YEL-AND have presented as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and meningoencephalitis. To date, intracranial imaging of the progre…

Yellow Fever Vaccine Safety Perception of Pregnant Women in Emergency Response Mass Vaccination in Uganda.

Yellow fever vaccine, a live attenuated vaccine, is primarily administered to pregnant women during outbreaks. A qualitative study was conducted in pregnant women on the perception of yellow fever mass vaccination. In total, interviews with 20 women-13 semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussion with seven participants-were analyzed. This study showed that conflicting information about vaccine safety led to concern about miscarriage. Furthermore, it was believed that vaccination during gestation would concurrently immunize the fetus by transplacental antibody transfer. Consultati…

Arylalkalamine N-acetyltransferase-1 functions on cuticle pigmentation in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT) catalyzes the acetylation of dopamine, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, tryptamine, octopamine, norepinephrine and other arylalkylamines to form respective N-acetyl-arylalkylamines. Depending on the products formed, aaNATs are involved in a variety of physiological functions. In the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a number of aaNATs and aaNAT-like proteins have been reported. However, the primary function of each individual aaNAT is yet to be identified. In this study we investigated the function of Ae. aegypti aaNAT1 (Ae-aaNAT1) in cuticle pigmentation an…

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) associated with mosquito-borne diseases: Chikungunya virus X yellow fever immunization.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating autoimmune neuropathic condition characterized by extensive bilateral and confluent lesions in the cerebral white matter and cerebellum. The basal ganglia and gray matter may also be involved. In most cases, the symptoms are preceded by viral infection or vaccination. In this report, we present a case of ADEM associated with optic neuritis presenting alongside two potential triggering factors: chikungunya virus infection and yellow fever immunization.

Yellow fever outbreak in a rural-urban mixed community of Espírito Santo, Brazil: epidemiological aspects.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological aspects of an outbreak of yellow fever (YF) that occurred in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 1 January 2017 - 31 July 2017. METHODS: A descriptive, quantitative, retrospective approach analyzed secondary data obtained from the national notification systems, Information System of Diseases Notifications (SINAN), Laboratory Environment Manager (GAL), and the Espírito Santo Health Secretariat (SESA). RESULTS: From 1 January 2017 - 8 July 2017, a total of 824 cases were reported in Espírito Santo, 307 (37%) of which were confirmed as YF. Of the…

Long-term immunity against yellow fever in children vaccinated during infancy: a longitudinal cohort study.

BACKGROUND: A single dose of vaccine against yellow fever is routinely administered to infants aged 9-12 months under the Expanded Programme on Immunization, but the long-term outcome of vaccination in this age group is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the long-term persistence of neutralising antibodies to yellow fever virus following routine vaccination in infancy. METHODS: We did a longitudinal cohort study, using a microneutralisation assay to measure protective antibodies against yellow fever in Malian and Ghanaian children vaccinated around age 9 months and followed up for 4·5 years (Mali)…

Evidence for multiple sylvatic transmission cycles during the 2016-2017 yellow fever virus outbreak, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: Since December 2016, Brazil has experienced an unusually large outbreak of yellow fever (YF). Whether urban transmission may contribute to the extent of the outbreak is unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize YF virus (YFV) genomes and to identify spatial patterns to determine the distribution and origin of YF cases in Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, the most affected Brazilian states during the current YFV outbreak. METHODS: We characterized near-complete YFV genomes from 14 human cases and two nonhuman primates (NHP), sampled from February to Ap…

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Guadeloupe (French West Indies) are able to transmit yellow fever virus.

The recent yellow fever epidemic in Brazil has raised the concern of outbreaks in neighboring countries, particularly in the Caribbean region where the vector Aedes aegypti is predominant. This threat comes from the past when in the Americas, this disease caused devastating urban epidemics. We report the vector competence of Ae. aegypti from Guadeloupe for yellow fever virus by determining different parameters describing virus infection, dissemination, and transmission. The results indicate that Ae. aegypti Guadeloupe are susceptible to yellow fever virus with viral particles detected in mosqu…

Novel synthetic nucleotides of notifiable dengue (1-4), Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever and Zika flaviviruses.

AIM: To produce synthetic nucleotides of notifiable dengue virus (1-4 types), Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever and Zika flaviviruses. These notifiable flaviviruses, particularly dengue and Zika, are problematic mosquito-borne infections in the Philippines, as well as in those countries with tropical and subtropical climates. METHOD: An algorithmic design formulation of overlap extension - polymerase chain reaction (OE-PCR) was performed to propagate 50-60 oligomer lengths of select notifiable flaviviral RNAs to DNA nucleotides via the two-step process of OE-PCR. RESULT: Algorithmic OE-PCR…

Live Attenuated Yellow Fever 17D Vaccine: A Legacy Vaccine Still Controlling Outbreaks In Modern Day.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Live attenuated 17D vaccine is considered one of the safest and efficacious vaccines developed to date. This review highl … nd more research is needed to address this question. Despite having an effective vaccine to control yellow fever, vaccine shortages were identified during outbreaks in 2016, eventuating the use of a fractional-dosing campaign in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Limited studies hinder identification of the underlying mechanism(s) of vaccine longevity; howe …

Chaperone-Assisted Protein Folding Is Critical for Yellow Fever Virus NS3/4A Cleavage and Replication.

UNLABELLED: DNAJC14, a heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40) cochaperone, assists with Hsp70-mediated protein folding. Overexpressed DNAJC14 is targeted to sites of yellow fever virus (YFV) replication complex (RC) formation, where it interacts with viral nonstructural (NS) proteins and inhibits viral RNA replication. How RCs are assembled and the roles of chaperones in this coordinated process are largely unknown. We hypothesized that chaperones are diverted from their normal cellular protein quality control function to play similar roles during viral infection. Here, we show that DNAJC14 overexpress…

Experience- and age-mediated oviposition behaviour in the yellow fever mosquito Stegomyia aegypti (=Aedes aegypti).

In repeated behaviours such as those of feeding and reproduction, past experiences can inform future behaviour. By altering their behaviour in response to environmental stimuli, insects in highly variable landscapes can tailor their behaviour to their particular environment. In particular, female mosquitoes may benefit from plasticity in their choice of egg-laying site as these sites are often temporally variable and clustered. The opportunity to adapt egg-laying behaviour to past experience also exists for mosquito populations as females typically lay eggs multiple times throughout their live

Guiding dengue vaccine development using knowledge gained from the success of the yellow fever vaccine.

Flaviviruses comprise approximately 70 closely related RNA viruses. These include several mosquito-borne pathogens, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which can cause significant human diseases and thus are of great medical importance. Vaccines against both YFV and JEV have been used successfully in humans for decades; however, the development of a DENV vaccine has encountered considerable obstacles. Here, we review the protective immune responses elicited by the vaccine against YFV to provide some insights into the development of a pr…

Recombinant yellow fever viruses elicit CD8+ T cell responses and protective immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi.

Chagas' disease is a major public health problem affecting nearly 10 million in Latin America. Despite several experimental vaccines have shown to be immunogenic and protective in mouse models, there is not a current vaccine being licensed for humans or in clinical trial against T. cruzi infection. Towards this goal, we used the backbone of Yellow Fever (YF) 17D virus, one of the most effective and well-established human vaccines, to express an immunogenic fragment derived from T. cruzi Amastigote Surface Protein 2 (ASP-2). The cDNA sequence of an ASP-2 fragment was inserted between E and NS1 …

A flow cytometry-based assay for quantifying non-plaque forming strains of yellow fever virus.

Primary clinical isolates of yellow fever virus can be difficult to quantitate by standard in vitro methods because they may not form discernable plaques or induce a measurable cytopathic effect (CPE) on cell monolayers. In our hands, the Dakar strain of yellow fever virus (YFV-Dakar) could not be measured by plaque assay (PA), focus-forming assay (FFA), or by measurement of CPE. For these reasons, we developed a YFV-specific monoclonal antibody (3A8.B6) and used it to optimize a highly sensitive flow cytometry-based tissue culture limiting dilution assay (TC-LDA) to measure levels of infectio…

Oral receptivity of Aedes aegypti from Cape Verde for yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya viruses.

At the end of 2009, 21,313 cases of dengue-3 virus (DENV-3) were reported in the islands of Cape Verde, an archipelago located in the Atlantic Ocean 570 km from the coast of western Africa. It was the first dengue outbreak ever reported in Cape Verde. Mosquitoes collected in July 2010 in the city of Praia, on the island of Santiago, were identified morphologically as Aedes aegypti formosus. Using experimental oral infections, we found that this vector showed a moderate ability to transmit the epidemic dengue-3 virus, but was highly susceptible to chikungunya and yellow fever viruses.

Intrathecal antibody production in two cases of yellow fever vaccine associated neurotropic disease in Argentina.

During the period 2007-2008 several epizootics of Yellow fever with dead of monkeys occurred in southeastern Brasil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. In 2008 after a Yellow fever outbreak an exhaustive prevention campaign took place in Argentina using 17D live attenuated Yellow fever vaccine. This vaccine is considered one of the safest live virus vaccines, although serious adverse reactions may occur after vaccination, and vaccine-associated neurotropic disease are reported rarely. The aim of this study was to confirm two serious adverse events associated to Yellow fever vaccine in Argen…

Identification of inhibitors of yellow fever virus replication using a replicon-based high-throughput assay.

Flaviviruses cause severe disease in humans and are a public health priority worldwide. However, no effective therapies or drugs are commercially available yet. Several flavivirus replicon-based assays amenable to high-throughput screening of inhibitors have been reported recently. We developed and performed a replicon-based high-throughput assay for screening small-molecule inhibitors of yellow fever virus (YFV) replication. This assay utilized packaged pseudoinfectious particles containing a YFV replicon that expresses Renilla luciferase in a replication-dependent manner. Several small-molec…

Отслеживание негативных явлений после вакцинации от желтой лихорадки с использованием комплексной телефонной и Интернет-системы.

Система < < Телешок > > представляет собой автоматизированную систему телефонной связи/Интернета, в рамках которой в режиме реального времени с помощью алгоритма пациента собираются сообщения о неблагоприятных медицинских продуктах. 1341 пациент, который получил вакцину от желтой лихорадки и был нанят в 15 туристических клиниках, связался с этой системой в пределах 48 часов после вакцинации и 765 (57 процентов) установили последующие контакты. Показатели участия были выше среди женщин и лиц старше 60 лет. Телевидение может быть расширено для использования в крупных кампаниях, связа

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
TeleWatch is an automated telephone/Internet-based system that collects medical product adverse event reports in real-time through an algorithm driven by the patient. 1341 patients, who received yellow fever vaccine and were recruited through 15 travel clinics, contacted the system within 48h of vaccination and 765 (57%) made follow-up contacts. Participatio…