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Neuroleptanalgesic drug combinations in the anaesthetic management of small laboratory animals.

Trials of different drug combinations for use in rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats, hamsters and mice are described in detail and experience over a 5-year period evaluated. Combinations of fentanyl citrate, fluanisone and diazepam provided exceptionally good anaesthesia in each species and were considered superior to other injectable agents.

Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children (Review).

BACKGROUND: Febrile seizures occurring in a child older than one month during an episode of fever affect 2% to 4% of children in Great Brita … lofenac versus placebo followed by ibuprofen, acetominophen or placebo; nor for intermittent rectal diazepam versus intermittent valproate, nor phenobarbitone versus intermittent rectal diazepam. There was a significant reduction of recurrent febrile seizures with intermittent oral diazepam versus placebo with a relative risk (RR) of 0.67 (95% confidence i …

[Comparison of the side effect profiles of compounds with central muscle-relaxing effect].

In addition to other conditions involving increased muscle spasms, centrally acting muscle relaxants (guaifenesin, tolperisone, methocarbamol, chlorzoxazone, diazepam, baclofen and tizanidin) provide relief for a significant proportion of patients suffering from low back pain. Of these, tolperisone has recently been restricted by official decision due to the high incidence of anaphylactic reactions associated with its use. The aim of our work is to analyze the frequency of side effects of this group of drugs in order to help clinicians choose the appropriate medication. According to data from …

Indole Alkaloids of Rauvolfia ligustrina and Their Anxiolytic Effects in Adult Zebrafish.

Rauvolfia species are well known as producers of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activi … of the isolated compounds was screened in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. The possible GABAergic (diazepam as the positive control) and serotoninergic (fluoxetine as the positive control) mechanisms of action in adult zebrafish were also evaluated. No compounds were cytotoxic. Compound 2: and the epimers 3: /4: and 6: /7: showed a mechanism action by GAB …

Pediatric status epilepticus: improved management with new drug therapies?

Status Epilepticus (SE) is the most common neurological emergency of childhood. It requires prompt administration of appropriately selected … e search was performed. Expert opinion: In early SE in children, in the prehospital setting, rectal diazepam or buccal midazolam are efficacious drugs; whereas in the hospital setting, intravenous lorazepam or diazepam are indicated. As regard estabilished stage of SE, in addition to the 'classic' compounds, such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, other drugs …

Unpredictable absorption of oral opioid medications in a quadriplegic patient with chronic enterocutaneous fistulas.

Although there is an abundance of literature on the acute management of enterocutaneous fistulas, there is a paucity of data on the chronic management of enterocutaneous fistulas. Their impact on oral pharmacotherapy, including their effect on the bioavailability of oral medications, is poorly understood. This case describes a 23-year-old quadriplegic male with a complex history of multiple abdominal surgeries presented with three persistent enterocutaneous fistulas. Diazepam and furosemide were among the patient's oral medications and had sufficient bioavailability to show efficacy on anxiety…

Perioperative analgesia of infants during the therapy for retinopathy of prematurity.

BACKGROUND: In this retrospective investigation, we compared the main anesthesiologic aspects in the preoperative, perioperative, and postop … for 28 newborn infants, while in the last 10 years, laser photocoagulation was done with nalbuphine-diazepam analgesia in 85 cases. RESULTS: Significant differences were verified in gestational age of birth in the group of retinopathy of prematurity patients treated with cryotherapy compared with those treated with laser coagulation 27.9+/-2.7 weeks vs 26 …

Comparative assessment of the anxiolytic-like activities of honokiol and derivatives.

Honokiol has previously been shown to be an effective anxiolytic-like agent in mice when administered for 7 days at 0.2 mg/kg/day prior to e … ned significant for longer than 4 h after treatment. Combined administration of the derivative with diazepam led to enhanced anxiolytic-like efficacy. Moreover, as with diazepam, the anxiolytic-like effect of the analog was reduced by flumazenil. In contrast, bicuculline, a GABA(A) antagonist, had no effect on the activity of the derivative. Taken together …

Application of microdialysis to study the in vitro metabolism of drugs in liver microsomes.

Current methods for studying in vitro drug metabolism involve add-incubate-separate-measure approach. Separation of the desired analytes req … present study, microdialysis sampling was used to investigate Phase I metabolism of salicylic acid, diazepam and ibuprofen in rat liver microsomes. The major metabolites of these drugs were profiled by LC. Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax were obtained for the formation of diazepam metabolites by both microdialysis and conventional m …

Involvement of phosphoinositide metabolism in GABA-induced catecholamine release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

The effects of GABA on catecholamine release and phosphoinositide metabolism were studied in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. GABA and muscimol, a specific agonist for the GABAA receptor, each evoked a gradual secretion of catecholamines from the cells in the presence of ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+, K(+)-ATPase. This release was inhibited by bicuculline, a specific antagonist for the GABAA receptor, or by picrotoxin, a blocker of GABA-gated Cl- channels, and was potentiated by diazepam or pentobarbital. GABA or muscimol induced a concentration-dependent formation of inositol phosphat…

The influence of antihistamines on human performance.

We have studied the effects of three antihistamines on task performance in two separate experiments. Healthy subjects were tested at weekly intervals in a double-blind, Latin square design. In Experiment I the subjects were treated orally with loratadine 10 mg, clemastine 1 mg, terfenadine 60 mg, or placebo. In Experiment II 5 mg diazepam was given orally with each of the four treatments used in Experiment I. In both experiments subjects' performance was evaluated in reaction time and tracking tasks after treatment. In both experiments, the tracking task initially was performed alone and then …

A study on the allosteric interaction between the major binding sites of human serum albumin using microcalorimetry.

The binding of warfarin and oxyphenbutazone to albumin has been studied at pH 6.8 and pH 9.2 by measuring the heat of binding of these ligan … a Ho'1 are explained in terms of pK shifts in the albumin upon binding warfarin or oxyphenbutazone. Diazepam, which binds to a site on albumin which is different from the warfarin-oxyphenbutazone binding site, increases - delta Ho'1 for the binding of warfarin and oxyphenbutazone to albumin at pH 6.8, but it does not influence the -delta Ho'1 at pH 9.2. Th …

The interactions of ethanol with the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor-ionophore complex.

Ethanol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines have similar pharmacological effects. All of these drugs facilitate the inhibitory transmission me … ects of ethanol and for some symptoms of withdrawal. Ethanol, like pentobarbital, also enhances [3H]diazepam binding to the Lubrol-solubilized membrane fraction in vitro. This effect was dose-related and was blocked by picrotoxinin and other GABA antagonists. Enhancement of [3H]diazepam binding by various alcohols did not correlate with lipid:water partiti …

Alprazolam: pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and mechanism of action.

Alprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, is the first of this new class of benzodiazepine drugs to be marketed in the United States and Canada. It achieves peak serum levels in 0.7 to 2.1 hours and has a serum half-life of 12 to 15 hours. When given in the recommended daily dosage of 0.5 to 4.0 mg, it is as effective as diazepam and chlordiazepoxide as an anxiolytic agent. Its currently approved indication is for the treatment of anxiety disorders and symptoms of anxiety, including anxiety associated with depression. Although currently not approved for the treatment of depressive disorders, studi…

[FHR long term variability under various obstetrics analgesia (author's transl)].

Changes of FHR long term variability (LTV) were studied in four groups of patients under different types of analgesia. The LTV was evaluated according to our visual criteria in each episode of more than one minute of duration on baseline fetal heart rate level between contractions. In the balanced anesthesia group incidence of the episodes with LTV decreased significantly after the administration of Diazepam and Methoxyflurane (64%-30%), further decreasing after the injection of Pethilorfan, but it increased to some degree within 20 min. before delivery. In the epidural group the change of LTV…

[Priapism in childhood--case report of 14-year-old boy].

In this article, a 14-year-old boy with priapism is presented. A secondary low-flow type of priapism, persisting 11 hours, as a result of olanzapine and methylphenidate therapy was diagnosted. There was a good response to conservative treatment (diazepam, metamisolum), detumescence appeared in 3 hours. No recurrence of priapism was observed, after the olanzapine and methylphenidate therapy was stopped.

Simultaneous correction of pectus excavatum and breast hypoplasia.

A technique is described for simultaneous insertion through a single inframammary incision of a custom-made prosthesis for pectus excavatum and a unilateral subpectoral breast prosthesis. This was performed under ketamine, diazepam, and local infiltration anesthesia in an office operating room suite. The technique can also be used for pectus excavatum alone or with bilateral augmentation mammaplasties.

Аварийное применение внутрисемейного вливания.

Доступ к стене является важным шагом в деле ухода за критически больным ребенком, однако он может быть очень трудным и длительным. В последнее время вспыхнула инфильтрация внутри страны как быстрая альтернатива венозной консервации. Ряд случаев иллюстрируют полезность этого метода в департаменте экстренной помощи. В него включены первые доклады об использовании внутриособых диазепама и сукцинилхолина.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vascular access is an important step in the care of the critically ill child but can be very difficult and time consuming. Recently, intraos … is technique in the emergency department. Included are the first reports of the use of intraosseous diazepam and succinylcholine.

Pentobarbital in refractory status epilepticus.

Tonic-clinic status epilepticus, which is refractory to phenobarbital, phenytoin, and diazepam, may respond readily to a continuous infusion of pentobarbital. The efficacy of pentobarbital can be monitored at the bedside by electroencephalography. We report the clinical and electroencephalographic findings of two children who developed refractory tonic-clonic status epilepticus and responded to pentobarbital.