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Swine influenza virus vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis. The vaccine used contained 200 chick cell-agglutinating (CCA) units of influenza A/New Jersey/76 and 200 CCA units of influenza A/Victoria/75 whole viruses (Merrell-National Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio). The frequency of clinical relapses of multiple sclerosis was the same in the vaccine-treated (four of 33 patients) and placebo-treated (four of 33) groups. An untreated control group had a slightly higher rate of relapses (fo…

Polyarteritis nodosa complicated by a multiple sclerosis like syndrome.

A case is presented of a 16-year-old boy with angiographically proven polyarteritis nodosa who developed a multiple sclerosis like syndrome affecting the brain stem and cerebrum. His serum demyelinated nerve in tissue culture. The case is reviewed in detail and the mechanism of myelotoxicity is discussed.

Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Disease Severity in Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sensitive, minimally invasive biomarkers that reflect functional decline in multiple sclerosis (MS) are still lacking. Untargeted metabolomic profiling allows unbiased discovery of circulating biomarkers and dysregulated biological pathways underlying MS onset and progression. We aimed to identify candidate circulating metabolite signatures correlated with clinical, imaging, and patient-reported outcomes in MS and to characterize the underlying metabolic pathways. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of untargeted circulating metabolomic profiles from 54…

Regularization via gradient attribution for multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation.

INTRODUCTION: Accurate segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is fundamental for robust disease monitoring and for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Within Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-based diagnostic infrastructures, where deep learning models serve as autonomous computational nodes embedded in interconnected clinical workflows, ensuring reliable lesion detection without continuous human supervision is a critical operational and clinical requirement. A persistent methodological challenge is the pronounced class imbalance characteristi…

Семейная история множественного склероза и долгосрочных результатов.

История семьи является прочно укоренившимся фактором риска для множественного склероза (МС), однако его влияние на развитие заболеваний остается неясным. Мы изучили вопрос о том, связан ли семейный MS, включая степень родственности, с базовыми характеристиками и результатами болезней. Мы включили лиц с несчастными случаями MS из шведского эпидемиологического исследования на базе населения, связанного с множественным склерозным исследованием с продольным отслеживанием через шведский регистр MS. Участники были отнесены к категории лиц, не имеющих семейной истории MS, MS первой степени или MS вто

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Family history is a well-established risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), but its influence on disease progression remains unclear. We investigated whether familial MS, including degree of relatedness, is associated with baseline characteristics and disease outcomes. METHODS: We included individuals with incident MS from the Swedish populati…

Association between breastfeeding duration and disability in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Breast milk may have protective effects against autoimmune diseases because it contains components that support the immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of breast milk intake during infancy on the clinical course and demographic characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study in MS patients. Sociodemographic data, duration and causes of breast milk intake, childhood diseases, nutritional habits, medication use, additional diseases, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of the patients we…

Instance-level quantitative saliency in multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation.

In recent years, explainable methods for artificial intelligence (XAI) have tried to reveal and describe models' decision mechanisms in the … to the segmentation of white matter lesions (WML), a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS). 687 patients diagnosed with MS for a total of 4023 FLAIR and MPRAGE MRI scans were collected at the University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland. WM lesion masks were annotated by four expert clinicians on baseline and follow-up imaging. Three de …

Association between breastfeeding and multiple sclerosis: A literature review.

Early environmental exposures and lifestyle during childhood and adolescence have been proposed as possible risk factors for developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Additionally, some modifications in lifestyle, particularly in working mothers and some individuals, have been associated with a decrease in lactation and probably an increase in MS cases. The objective of this review was to perform a descriptive analysis of the possible relationship between breastfeeding and the development of MS. A literature search was conducted by the keywords breastfeeding, human milk, breast milk, mother milk, me…

Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: learnings from post-streptococcal autoimmunity.

Group A streptococcus (GAS) or Streptococcus pyogenes, which typically causes a purulent pharyngitis, is the established cause of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and several other autoimmune diseases. Primary prevention, achieved by treating acute pharyngitis with antibiotics, prevents ARF. After an initial attack of ARF, secondary prevention, using long-term prophylactic antibiotics, prevents further attacks and chronic end-organ damage or chronic rheumatic heart disease. Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the likely cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). EBV-associated infectious mononucl…

Cellular immunophenotyping in multiple sclerosis: advances and clinical implications.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Multiple sclerosis is a clinically heterogeneous disease that is driven by complex immune mechanisms. This review summarizes recent methodological advances in immunophenotyping and discusses clinical implications for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy selection, and monitoring. RECENT FINDINGS: Methodological advances like high-dimensional flow cytometry and single-cell technologies aim to define Multiple sclerosis immunological endophenotypes associated with different disease trajectories. Novel spectral flow and mass cytometry panels reveal distinct immune cell subsets. Myeloi…

New immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis (MS): A comprehensive review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults, characterized by autoimmune demyelination and neurodegeneration. While high-efficacy therapies have transformed relapsing MS management, disability progression remains an unmet need. Emerging evidence implicates compartmentalized central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, including microglial activation, in disease pathogenesis, necessitating novel immunotherapeutic strategies that target both peripheral and CNS-resident immune cells. This review synthesizes recent preclinical and clinical data on emergin…

Multikingdom microbiome-based machine learning enables multiple sclerosis diagnosis.

Emerging evidence suggests a role for the gut bacteria in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the role of other microorganisms and their diagnostic potential for MS remain poorly explored. Here, we analyzed large-scale metagenomic data derived from fecal samples (discovery cohort n = 1152; total n = 1306 across 3 geographically diverse cohorts). Subsequently, we utilized multikingdom gut microbiome data to develop machine learning models to distinguish MS patients from healthy controls. Our analysis identified distinct microbiome alterations, revealing 90 bacterial, 3 fungal,…