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Plasma cell-rich related acute rejection in kidney transplant: A case report and review of the literature.

RATIONALE: Plasma cell-rich acute rejection (PCAR), a subtype of T cell-mediated rejection, is a relatively rare type of acute allograft rejection, that is usually associated with a higher rate of graft failure. However, it is difficult to diagnose PCAR precisely. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old woman who had received a kidney transplant presented with acute kidney injury and uremic symptoms approximately 1 year after transplantation. DIAGNOSIS: A renal biopsy was performed and pathological examination revealed marked inflammation with abundant plasma cells in areas within interstitial fibro…

Prognostic and therapeutic significance of microbial cell-free DNA in plasma of people with acute decompensation of cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although the effect of bacterial infection on cirrhosis has been well-described, the effect of non-hepatotropic virus (NHV) infection is unknown. This study evaluated the genome fragments of circulating microorganisms using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in individuals with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, focusing on NHVs, and related the findings to clinical outcomes. METHODS: Plasma mNGS was performed in 129 individuals with AD of cirrhosis in the study cohort. Ten healthy volunteers and 20, 39, and 81 individuals with stable cirrhosis, severe sepsi

Coexistence of plasma cell neoplasia and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts: case reports and literature review.

BACKGROUND: The coexistence of plasma cell neoplasia such as multiple myeloma (MM) or monoclonal gammopathy of underdetermined significance (MGUS) with myeloid neoplasia such as myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts (MDS-EB) is exceedingly rare. Seeking to understand the clinical features of this dual hematological neoplasm and exploration of novel therapeutic approaches is warranted. METHODS: The cases of 7 patients diagnosed with both MGUS/MM coexisting with MDS-EB were reported. Moreover, this study reviewed and summarized 34 published cases of MDS including 7 cases of MDS-EB, descri

Proteomic profiles of melanoma cell-derived exosomes in plasma: discovery of potential biomarkers of melanoma progression.

Cancer liquid biopsy encompassing circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and/or tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) emerges as a novel approach to early detection, noninvasive monitoring of responses to therapy and predicting patient survival. TEX are a key component of liquid biopsy because they mimic tumor cells in their proteomic and genetic content. Two recent proteomic analyses of TEX released into plasma by melanoma cells confirms the potential of TEX as diagnostic and prognostic markers in melanoma.

A longitudinal study of plasma BAFF levels in mothers and their infants in Uganda, and correlations with subsets of B cells.

Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease with approximately half of the world's population at risk. Young children and pregnant women are hit hardest by the disease. B cells and antibodies are part of an adaptive immune response protecting individuals continuously exposed to the parasite. An infection with Plasmodium falciparum can cause dysregulation of B cell homeostasis, while antibodies are known to be key in controlling symptoms and parasitemia. BAFF is an instrumental cytokine for the development and maintenance of B cells. Pregnancy alters the immune status and renders previous

Plasma-induced destruction of Candida albicans cell wall components: A reactive molecular dynamics simulation.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has attracted significant attention and has been widely used to inactivate pathogens based on its excellent effect; however, the mechanisms underlying the interactions between plasma-generated species and organisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this paper, the interactions of reactive oxygen plasma species (O, OH and H2O2) with chitin polymer (the skeletal component of the Candida albicans cell wall) were investigated by means of reactive molecular dynamics simulations from a microscopic point of view. Our simulations show that O and OH species can break

Learning curves in radiological reporting of whole-body MRI in plasma cell disease: a retrospective study.

BackgroundThe plasma cell disease is been studying by the whole-body MRI technology. However, the time requested to learn this radiological technique is unknown.PurposeTo esteem, quantitatively and qualitatively, the essential time to learn the whole-body MRI diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression in patients with plasma cell disease.Materials and methodsBetween January 2015 and February 2017, three readers in-training with different levels of experience examined the anonymised and randomised whole-body MRI images of 52 patients with a diagnosis of plasma cell disea

Clinical Importance of Plasma Drug Concentration of Oral Molecular Targeted Drugs for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is widely used in clinical practice to maximize drug efficacy and minimize toxicities. Currently, it is also practiced in the use of oral molecular targeted drugs. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical importance of measuring the systemic concentration of oral molecular targeted drugs used to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS: The systemic concentrations of the oral molecular targeted drugs sorafenib, sunitinib, axitinib, pazopanib, and everolimus used for RCC were useful for therapeutic interventions, and clinical outcomes w

Utility of Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Follow-up Monitoring of Plasma Cell Myeloma.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the clinical utility of flow cytometry (FC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the workup of myeloma. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the reports of bone marrow biopsies received for myeloma evaluation between October 2015 and January 2019. RESULTS: A total of 1,708 biopsy specimens from 469 myeloma patients (mean age, 64.5 years [SD, 9.3]; female, 41.4%) were reviewed. Both FC and FISH had comparable detection rates at the time of initial diagnosis (97.6% vs 98.8%) and for follow-up cases (28.6% vs 28.2%). FC and FISH results were conc

Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of AL amyloidosis: co-targetting the plasma cell clone and amyloid deposits.

Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) is a rare disease in which a small plasma cell clone produces toxic misfolded proteins that deposit in organs and impair their function. Currently, the only available treatment approach is the elimination of clonal plasma cells. However, a rapid strike that halts and possibly reverses organ damage is crucial. The development of agents that facilitate the clearance of pathological fibrillar deposits, therefore reducing the frailty of patients, is the needed supplement to plasma cell-directed therapy. Monoclonal antibodies provide therapy a…

Axillary lymphadenopathy with IgG4 positive plasma cell infiltration as differential diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.

Immunoglobulin type G4 -related disease (IgG4-RD) is known as a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, which is sometimes associated with lu … hy-guided biopsy of the axillary lymph node revealed infiltration of lymphocytes with IgG4-positive plasma cells and fibrosis. Serum IgG4 levels were also increased. These results suggested that the multiple swollen lymph nodes were not metastasis, but IgG4-related disease. Based on these results, therapy using prednisolone was initiated. Multiple lymphadenopa …

The effect of foal or adult horse plasma on equine monocyte-derived dendritic cell phenotype and function.

Immunological and endocrine immaturity in foals increases foal morbidity and mortality from bacterial sepsis. Dendritic cells (DC) are critical in activating the adaptive immune response, but foal DC are phenotypically and functionally different than those of adult horses. Age-related variations in availability of some soluble plasma factors, such as hormones, might govern some age-related differences in DC function. Effects of exposure to plasma factors on equine DC phenotype and function have not been described. We hypothesized that exposure to plasma from foals or adult horses would differe

Plasma Factors for the Differentiation of Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Diffused Large B Cell Lymphoma and for Monitoring Remission.

BACKGROUND: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most frequent cancers occurring at a young age. Although diagnosis of HL is not difficult, a minimally invasive method to diagnose HL, and a radiation-free method to confirm the remission status are highly desired. METHODS: In this study, we employed cutting-edge Luminex technology to evaluate 67 soluble plasma proteins for their suitability for diagnosis and for confirming remission of classical HL (cHL). RESULTS: Soluble cluster of differentiation (CD)30 and CC motif chemokine ligand (CCL)22 were identified to be capable of differentiating cH

Effect of seminal plasma on dendritic cell differentiation in vitro depends on the serum source in the culture medium.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key in shaping immune responses and are recruited to the human cervix after coitus by seminal plasma (SP). SP has been shown to skew the differentiation of monocyte-derived DCs towards an anti-inflammatory profile when cultured in medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS). Here, we confirmed that SP skewed DCs cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) towards a tolerogenic profile. To create a setting more similar to the in vivo situations in humans, we tested the immune regulatory effect of SP on DCs in cell cultures containing human serum (HS). SP-DCs cultured in HS did s

Gastrointestinal bleeding as initial presentation of extramedullary plasma cell neoplasms: A case report and review of the literature.

BackgroundPlasma-cell neoplasms rarely involve the gastrointestinal tract and manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding. Plasmablastic myeloma is an aggressive plasma cell neoplasm associated with poor outcomes. A small number of cases with gastrointestinal involvement is reported in the literature and therefore high index of suspicion is essential for avoiding delays in diagnosis and treatment.Case summaryOur aim is to present our experience of a 70-year-old patient with a secondary presentation of plasmablastic myeloma manifesting as unstable upper gastrointestinal bleeding and to review the lit

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… Basic understanding of the biology of plasma cell neoplasms is fundamental. Plasma cell neoplasms have the mutual characteristic of neoplastic proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells which produces a monoclonal immunoglobulin[ 31 , 32 ]. … Plasma cell aggregates composed of more than 10 plasma cells with perivascular distribution can be seen in one third of the myeloma bone marrow biopsies[ 35 , 36 ]. Pathological plasma cells express strong CD38, CD138 and light chain restriction. …

Development of plasma cell leukemia in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia while on treatment with imatinib mesylate.

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and an aggressive form of plasma cell dyscrasias. We report a 67-year-old male with PCL which developed while on imatinib mesylate (IM) therapy 38 months after diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The patient has been treated successfully with bortezomib, melphalan and prednisolone. To our knowledge, only one case of PCL superimposed on Philadelphia positive CML has been reported in the literature and this was before the IM era.

Exploring a Novel Screening Method for Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A plasma Metabolomics Analysis.

AIM: This study aimed to explore novel metabolite biomarker candidates for screening oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PATIENTS & METHODS: We collected plasma samples from 48 patients with OSCC and 29 with an oral disease and conducted a plasma metabolomics analysis of patients with OSCC using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Then, we used the cross-validation procedure to ensure the accuracy of biomarker candidates. RESULTS: We selected four biomarker candidates against OSCC. Their sensitivity was more than 90%, and the AUC was over 0.9 according to the receiver operating characteri

Primary plasma cell leukemia in the era of novel agents for myeloma - a multicenter retrospective analysis of outcome.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) is a rare form of multiple myeloma with a dismal prognosis. This retrospective multi-center study examines the national experience of PPCL in the era of novel agents. During 2002-2016, thirty-nine patients with PPCL were identified in 11 Israeli centers. One-fifth of them died in the first 2 months after diagnosis. The overall survival (OS) of those who survived the first 3 months was 22.5 months. About 70% of patients received at least one type of immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and similarly proteasome inhibitor (PI) during treatment. There was a survival adv

Clinical Observations, Plasma Retinol Concentrations, and In Vitro Lymphocyte Functions in Children With Sickle Cell Disease.

BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) often have infections, growth deficits, and impaired immunity, problems that also are observed in individuals with a vitamin A deficiency (plasma retinol concentration <20 μg/dL). The goal of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin A, health status, and the in vitro immune function of children with SCD. METHODS: Fifty-nine children (40 SS, 11 SC, and 8 Sβthalassemia [Sβthal] hemoglobin genotypes) 9 months to 18 years old were investigated for plasma levels of retinol, retinol binding protein, C-reactive protein, alpha-1