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Oral health and medical status in dentate low-income older persons.

Oral and medical conditions of 295 low-income dentate older persons (17% African-Americans, 14.5% Asians, 11.5% Hispanics, and 57% Caucasians) were studied. The mean age was 72 (SD +/- 6.8; range, 60-91). Oral examinations were performed, stimulated saliva was collected, and interviews were conducted regarding oral health attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors. Past history of restorative care, defined by filled coronal surfaces, differed by ethnicity, with Caucasian elders having most filled surfaces (p < 0.001). Ethnic minority elders had significantly poorer periodontal health (p < 0.001), wit

Early childhood caries--a synopsis.

All the papers presented at the conference are reviewed and comparisons are made with past beliefs on the topic. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem in disadvantaged communities in both developing and industrialized countries in which under-nutrition is common. ECC involves the maxillary primary incisors within months after their eruption and spreads rapidly to involve other primary teeth. The early implantation of mutans streptococci, the use of a feeding bottle containing sugary solutions and prolonged breast-feeding, especially at night, are important predisposin

Longitudinal analysis of the association of human salivary antimicrobial agents with caries increment and cariogenic micro-organisms: a two-year cohort study.

Previous studies of the possible associations of salivary antimicrobial agents with dental caries have given controversial results, obviously mainly because almost all studies have been cross-sectional. Our aim was to find out, in a two-year longitudinal follow-up study, the associations among selected salivary non-immune and immune antimicrobial variables, cariogenic bacteria, and caries increment. The study population was comprised of 63 subjects, all of whom had their 13th birthday during the first study year. In addition to a comprehensive dental examination at baseline and after 2 yrs, pa

Caries risk and periodontitis in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: There is considerable variation in studies on the oral health of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aims of this investigation are to study the caries risk profile using the Cariogram computer program and the periodontal disease severity in patients with CAD. METHODS: A total of 127 participants (54 test and 73 control) were included. Participants were asked about their general health and daily habits. Clinical examinations, radiographs, and salivary sampling were performed. Cariologic data were entered into the computer program for risk-profile illustration. The ons

MMP-3 expression and release by rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes induced with a bacterial ligand of integrin alpha5beta1.

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a major role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by secreting effector molecules that promote inflammation and joint destruction. How these cells become and remain activated is still elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors probably play a role in transforming FLSs into inflammatory matrix-degrading cells. As bacterial products have been detected in the joint and shown to trigger joint inflammation, this study was undertaken to investigate whether a bacterial ligand of integrin alpha5beta1, protein I/II, could contribute to the aggre

Studies on oral health in mentally retarded adults.

UNLABELLED: During the last decades, a new policy involving normalisation, integration, equality and deinstitutionalisation of mentally retarded (MR) individuals has been accepted in Sweden. Consequently, many institutions have been closed and an increased number of people with MR are now integrated into the Swedish community. The general aim of this thesis was to investigate if a greater degree of independence for MR adults influenced the prevalence of oral diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The caries incidence and prevalence, number of remaining teeth, incidence of tooth mortality and interpr

Root caries and risk profiles using the Cariogram in different periodontal disease severity groups.

OBJECTIVES: To study root caries and risk profiles using the Cariogram in relation to periodontal disease severity and to analyse indicators associated with high caries risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional examination was carried out on 112 patients with periodontal disease from two government clinics in Saudi Arabia. The investigation comprised a questionnaire, bitewing radiographs, measurement of salivary secretion rate, buffering capacity and cariogenic microorganisms, and registration of periodontal status, plaque amount and coronal and root caries/fillings (DFT and RDFT). The da

Effects of combined application of antimicrobial and fluoride varnishes in orthodontic patients.

A randomized prospective clinical study, with 220 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy, was conducted to test the hypothesis that application of an antimicrobial varnish in combination with a fluoride varnish (group 1) is significantly more efficient in reducing white spot lesions on the labial surfaces than application of the fluoride varnish alone (group 2). The effects of the antimicrobial varnish on the occurrence of gingivitis and plaque formation were also studied. A third aim was to investigate whether white spot lesion development could be predicted early during treatment.

Oral candidosis in long-term hospital care: comparison of edentulous and dentate subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain information on the oral health status of the elderly living in a medicalized, geriatric institution. DESIGN: A cross-sectional clinical investigation with complementary microbiological studies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 233 elderly in one long-term care ward; collection of demographic data; clinical examination to determine dental and prosthetic status and health of the oral mucosae; swabs for detection of mucosal and denture colonization by Candida; paraffin stimulated saliva for detection of colonization by mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. MAIN OUTCOME ME

Blood culture-negative endocarditis in a reference center: etiologic diagnosis of 348 cases.

To identify the current etiologies of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis and to describe the epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic characteristics associated with each etiology, as well as with unexplained cases, we tested samples from 348 patients suspected of having blood culture-negative infective endocarditis in our diagnostic center, the French National Reference Center for Rickettsial Diseases, between 1983 and 2001. Serology tests for Coxiella burnettii, Bartonella species, Chlamydia species, Legionella species, and Aspergillus species; blood culture on s

Polyphenolic natural products as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: recent advances and future prospects.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest develo

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… Antibacterial photodynamic therapy with curcumin and Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract against Streptococcus mutans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther (2017) 20:116–9. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.09.003 41. Comeau P, Panariello B, Duarte S, Manso A. … Antibacterial effects of natural compounds on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Clin Exp Dental Res (2022) 8:1426–33. doi: 10.1002/cre2.673 96. Li J, Wu T, Peng W, Zhu Y. Effects of resveratrol on cariogenic virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. …

Antibacterial effects of fluoride varnish compared with chlorhexidine plus fluoride in disabled children.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of fluoride varnish vs a combination of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish plus a gel containing chlorhexidine and fluoride on oral hygiene and caries prevention in disabled children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety patients aged 3-17 years who were treated under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned into three groups as follows: group 1: Fluor Protector (0.1% fluoride varnish); group 2: Cervitec Plus (1% chlorhexidine- 1% thymol varnish) + Cervitec Gel (0.2% chlorhexidine-0.2% sodium fluoride); group 3: control (toothbrushing only). Mutans streptococci (MS) and

Comparison between amine fluoride and chlorhexidine with institutionalized elders: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the efficacy of amine fluoride toothpaste and gel with chlorhexidine spray in an institutionalised population. BACKGROUND: People who live in nursing homes have poorer oral hygiene because of their dependency for the basic activities of daily living as they rely on caregivers. METHODS: Twenty-six people over 65 years old who had at least four teeth and living in a nursing home. They were assigned to three groups: A: amine fluoride toothpaste and once a week amine fluoride gel (Elmex(®) ), B: 0.12% spray-chlorhexidine once a day (Perio-Aid(®) ) and C: brush teeth without to

Protective role of the neuropeptide urocortin II against experimental sepsis and leishmaniasis by direct killing of pathogens.

We currently face an alarming resurgence in infectious diseases characterized by antimicrobial resistance and therapeutic failure. This has generated the urgent need of developing new therapeutic approaches that include agents with nontraditional modes of action. A recent interest focused on approaches based on our natural immune defenses, especially on peptides that combine innate antimicrobial activity against diverse pathogens and immunoregulatory functions. In this study, to our knowledge, we describe for the first time the antimicrobial activity of the neuropeptide urocortin II (UCNII) ag

Rampant early childhood dental decay: an example from Italy.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to estimate the prevalence and related prediction factors for dental caries in 3- to 5-year-old children in Rome, Italy. METHODS: From a sample of 2,025 children, 1,494 (73.8%) were included in the analysis. Children with at least two primary maxillary incisors showing evidence of caries experience were considered affected by rampant early childhood dental decay (RECDD). Behavioral and socioeconomic variables, mutans streptococci counts, diet, and nutritional status were investigated for their association with RECDD using regression analysis. RESULTS: The preval

Roles of TLR2, TLR4, NOD2, and NOD1 in pulp fibroblasts.

Pulp fibroblasts express various pro-inflammatory mediators leading to marked infiltration of inflammatory cells in the progression of pulpitis. We hypothesized that pulp fibroblasts play roles in the recognition of invaded caries-related bacteria and the subsequent innate immune responses. We found clear expressions of TLR2, NOD1, and NOD2 and a faint expression of TLR4 in human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPF) by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. We also observed that various pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostaglandin E(2) and its key enzyme COX-2,

Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol on infected primary molars: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare via a split-mouth randomized clinical trial the efficacy of 1% chlorhexidine gel, calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol (Callen PMCC), and a one-visit endodontic treatment against mutans streptococci and anaerobic bacteria found in primary molars with necrotic pulps and to assess clinical success rates after 12 months. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Pre- and posttreatment intracanal samples were collected from 37 teeth (from 21 children) for analysis of the number of mutans streptococci and anaerobic bacteria. Clinical and radiographic criteria were analyzed to deter

Prevention-centered caries management strategies during critical periods in early childhood.

The current caries management model in the United States is based on restoring teeth rather than preventing disease. Scarce resources make this approach unsustainable, especially in clinical settings that serve vulnerable child populations. This paper presents specific prevention-centered caries management strategies that should form the basis of clinical interventions targeted at children during four critical periods in childhood: pre-age 1, ages 1-3, ages 4-5, and ages 6-7.

A cross-sectional study into the prevalence of root caries in periodontal maintenance patients.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate cross-sectionally the prevalence and several risk indicators of root caries in 45 periodontal maintenance patients, who had been actively treated for adult periodontitis 11-22 years ago. These patients were part of a routine 3-6 monthly maintenance schedule. Active and inactive root caries and root fillings were recorded, as well as coronal caries experience. Plaque and bleeding scores, number of exposed root surfaces, rate of saliva secretion, saliva buffering capacity, mutans streptococci counts and Lactobacilli were also scored. From

Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID-19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation?

Medicinal mushrooms have documented effects against different diseases, including infections and inflammatory disorders. The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Since the mechanism is immunomodulatory and not antibiotical, the mushrooms should be active against multi-drug resistant microbes as well. Moreover, since these Basidiomycota also have anti-inflammatory properties, they may

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… . | Reduced bacteraemia, Increased survival | Bernardshaw et al, 2005 | [ 39 ] Streptococcus mutans | In vitro | Erinacine from HE | Suppressed mutacin synthesis | Premnath et al, 2018 | [ 43 ] Faecal Gram neg. bacteria | Mice, sepsis | Mycelium extract incl. … Screening for inhibitors of mutacin synthesis in Streptococcus mutans using fluorescent reporter strains. BMC Microbiol. 2018;18(1):24. 10.1186/s12866-018-1170-3 44. Soković M, Ćirić A, Glamočlija J, Nikolić M, van Griensven LJ. …