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Expressions of Pain and Spasticity in People With Stroke.

BACKGROUND: Pain and spasticity are prevalent poststroke symptoms that frequently co-occur. The coexistence of spasticity and pain in patients with neurological injury can be attributed to maladaptive neuronal changes within the central nervous system. This secondary analysis aimed to explore the patterns, descriptors, and temporal trajectories of pain as they relate to spasticity experiences in people with stroke. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted on data acquired from a sample of 22 people with stroke. Data included longitudinal numerical ratings and expressions of pain and spasti…

Pathological suppression of binocular vision in stroke.

PURPOSE: Two prior studies suggested a relationship between spatial neglect and reduced diplopia reporting. In spatial neglect with visual e … retrospectively reviewed. Significant predictors of denial of double vision in patients with recent stroke and strabismus (N = 55) or prism induced strabismus (N = 98) were identified with logistic regression. Additionally, three clinicians rated the likelihood (1 to 10) of suppression in each case and predictors of the rating were identified with a cumu …

The Immunologic Underpinnings of Post-Stroke Depression.

Post-stroke depression is a common consequence of stroke with an estimated prevalence of approximately 30% in stroke patients. It negatively impacts both rehabilitation and quality of life after stroke. Stroke induces an acute activation of the immune system in the central nervous system with concomitant immunologic alterations in the periphery. Immunologic alterations have been associated with non-stroke-related depression, and the evidence points to both central and peripheral immune activation with bidirectional interactions. By identifying and evaluating the current evidence of immunologic…

Prestroke sleep and stroke: a narrative review.

OBJECTIVES: This review aims to explore the relationship between poor pre-stroke sleep and stroke. RESULTS: Pre-stroke sleep duration is associated with the risk and mortality of total stroke, exhibiting a 'U-shaped' or 'J-shaped' dose-response relationship. Regarding stroke subtypes, prolonged sleep duration is linked to an increased risk of ischemic stroke, while short sleep duration is associated with hemorrhagic and wake-up strokes. Additionally, poor sleep quality is one of the risk factors for stroke occurrence. Moreover, daytime napping can mitigate the negative consequences of sleep i…

Fibrinogen and Neuroinflammation in the Neurovascular Unit in Stroke.

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that stroke pathophysiology extends beyond vascular dysfunction to include complex interactions within the neurovascular unit (NVU), particularly involving fibrinogen. This blood-derived protein accumulates in the brain following blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and plays crucial roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair. Through its unique structural domains, fibrinogen interacts with multiple cellular components, including astrocytes, microglia, and neural stem cells, thereby modulating inflamma…

Interventions for Neural Plasticity in Stroke Recovery.

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, and enhancing neural plasticity is a central strategy in promoting functional recovery. This review examines a range of interventions that target plasticity to improve outcomes in stroke survivors. Neural plasticity is assessed using neuroimaging tools, such as fMRI, EEG, and fNIRS, as well as clinical scales, including the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Biomarkers, like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), GABA, and nerve growth factor (NGF), are also useful for predicting patient outcomes. These tools o…

Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Baicalin in Ischemia Stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the leading global causes of mortality and disability, imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on families and healthcare systems. Despite recognition as a critical global health challenge, therapeutic interventions for cerebral ischemia remain severely limited. The current standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke is intravenous thrombolysis using a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). However, its narrow therapeutic window and elevated risk of hemorrhagic complications restrict thrombolytic therapy to a minority of eligible patients. Baicalin, a bioa…

A Review on the Role of Oral Bacteria in Stroke.

Emerging evidence suggests periodontitis may contribute to stroke risk via vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, promoting atherothrombosis and atrial fibrillation. This review aims to synthesize the evidence on the presence of oral bacteria and their products in biological samples from stroke patients and assess their potential impact on stroke pathophysiology, clinical outcomes, and prognosis. We conducted a narrative review of epidemiological, serological, and molecular studies examining the presence of oral bacterial DNA, endotoxins and antibodies against oral pathogens in bio…

Presumed Stroke in a Cat-A Case Report.

This paper presents a detailed imaging-based approach to the diagnosis and evaluation of suspected ischemic stroke in a cat. The study describes a 12-year-old cat presented to our clinic with symptoms such as wheezing and inspiratory dyspnea, but without neurological or behavioral abnormalities. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head revealed rhinitis, cerebral atrophy, and hypodense lesions in the right frontal and parietal brain regions, primarily supplied by the middle and rostral cerebral arteries. The lesion distribution, combined with cerebral atrophy and nonspecific clinical presen…

Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke: A Review.

IMPORTANCE: A patent foramen ovale (PFO), an opening between the right and left atria during normal fetal development that fails to close after birth, is present in approximately 25% of all adults. Paradoxical embolism, a venous thromboembolism that travels to the systemic circulation typically through a PFO, accounts for about 5% of all strokes and 10% of strokes in younger patients. OBSERVATIONS: Approximately 50% of patients 60 years or younger with an embolic stroke of undetermined source (cryptogenic stroke) have a PFO, compared with 25% of the general population. The Risk of Paradoxical…

Dymanics of stroke in pregnant women with preeclampsia.

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Kazakhstan, with its prevalence rising in recent years. The condition poses significant risks to both maternal and neonatal health. Identifying prognostic criteria for stroke development among women with preeclampsia is essential for improving outcomes. METHODS: This study evaluated the diagnostic significance of clinical features and risk factors for stroke in pregnant women with preeclampsia. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 pregnant women divided into two groups: 100 women with acute cerebrovascul…

Cortical deafness following embolic strokes.

Cortical deafness is exceedingly rare and is caused by bilateral failure of the auditory cortices, due to structural damage such as ischaemic stroke, while the peripheral and brainstem auditory structures remain unaffected. We describe a woman who acutely developed bilateral neurosensorial hypoacusis following a bilateral cardioembolic ischaemic stroke, due to takotsubo cardiomyopathy, affecting the primary auditory areas of the temporal lobes. She partially recovered over several months, with noticeably improved auditory function and gradual normalisation of auditory brainstem responses and e…

Uncommon Aetiology of a Posterior Circulation Stroke.

In this case, a patient presented with sudden-onset diplopia and persistent dizziness. A CT of the head showed two areas of hypoattenuation, … atory markers, a PET scan was performed. This confirmed large vessel vasculitis as the cause of her stroke. A weaning regimen of prednisolone and weekly methotrexate was started. Vasculitis is a rare cause of strokes and can lead to diagnostic uncertainty and a delay in treatment.

The One Percent Stroke: A Case Report.

Cardiac myxoma (CM) is the most prevalent form of benign primary tumor of the heart, but it is a rare cause of stroke, accounting for less than 1% of strokes in the general population. CM has a heterogeneous clinical presentation that can frequently resemble other cardiovascular or neurological disorders. This diminutive differential will often impede timely diagnosis. We describe a 42-year-old woman who presented with right-sided hemiparesis and aphasia of sudden onset. Neuroimaging findings were significant for multiple acute non-hemorrhagic infarcts on the left side of the brain, possibly s…

Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Therapy for Stroke.

Although thrombolytic therapy has enjoyed relative success, limitations remain, such as a narrow therapeutic window and inconsistent efficacy. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered increasing attention as a potential alternative to stem cell therapy. Because of their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and exert neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage, the exploration of EVs for clinical application in stroke treatment is expanding. EVs are characterized by high hetero…

Borrelia burgdorferi: A Rare Cause of Stroke.

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne zoonosis in Europe. It is a multisystemic infectious disease that can produce cerebrovascular eve … scattered throughout the cerebral hemispheres. She was hospitalized with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Given the absence of known risk factors, the diagnostic workup included a lumbar punction, which showed cerebrospinal fluid serology positive for immunoglobulin M against Borrelia burgdorferi. The patient was treated with doxycycline for 21 days, l …

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… aimed at determining the prevalence of stroke among pwMS in Isfahan, Iran. … relationship between environmental and biological factors.[ 3 ] Moreover, MS patients often have cardiovascular comorbidities such hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which increase their stroke risk.[ 5 ] One of the most common risk factors for stroke in our stroke affected MS patients was hypertension …

The Multitarget Action of Vitamins in the Ischemic Stroke.

A stroke, also known as a cerebral hemorrhage, occurs when there is an interruption in the blood supply to a part of the brain, resulting in damage to brain cells. This issue is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, currently killing about 5 million people annually. Individuals who survive ischemic stroke often face serious vision problems, paralysis, dementia, and other sequelae. The numerous efforts to prevent and/or treat stroke sequelae seem insufficient, which is concerning given the increasing global elderly population and the well-known association between aging and…

Is NEWS of value for patients with acute stroke?

BACKGROUND: Patients with acute stroke are at risk of respiratory or circulatory compromise resulting in vital instability, which can be captured through the widely used aggregated National Early Warning Score (NEWS). We aimed to assess the relation between vital instability (defined as NEWS of five or higher) and death or dependency at 90 days after stroke. METHODS: In this observational cohort study we studied 763 patients with ischaemic stroke (n = 400), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (n = 146) or subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) (n = 217), hospitalized to a Dutch tertiary referral hospital…