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The Role of Activated Charcoal in Prehospital Care.

BACKGROUND: Administration of a single-dose activated charcoal (SDAC) is an effective method used for gastric decontamination and for other types of poisoning and overdose. This is only true when given within the first hour of poison ingestion as the effectivity of SDAC reduces over time. In addition, generally, not all patients are able to avail treatment within the specified period. Hence, multi-dose activated charcoal is regarded as a solution to a delayed process, although, no proof outweighs the use of SDAC. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and assess the adequacy of the past and cu…

Impact assessment of metals realeased by aluminium-based galvanic anode on the physiology of the abalone Haliotis tuberculata in controlled conditions.

To protect metal structures immersed in the sea from corrosion, the galvanic anode cathodic protection system (GACP) is often applied. Howev … currently in submission. Gastropods were exposed for 16 weeks (12 weeks of exposure and 4 weeks of decontamination phase) to 6 conditions including a control, 4 concentrations based on total aluminium level (86, 425, 1096 and 3549 µg L-1) and a trophic control, corresponding to abalones placed in non-contaminated natural seawater but fed with contaminated algae. …

Ophthalmic manifestations and management considerations for emerging chemical threats.

Chemical agents have been utilized for centuries in warfare and pose a health threat to civilians and military personnel during armed confli … ropriate treatment are emphasized. Acute interventions include removal of the source and meticulous decontamination, as well as normalization of pH to 7.2-7.4 if alteration of the ocular pH is observed. Besides vigorous lavage, acute therapies may include topical corticosteroids and non-steroid anti-inflammatory therapies. Appropriate personal protective equipmen …

Monkeypox (Mpox) and Occupational Exposure.

Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest in biological risk factors, which are increasingly perceived as an important pro … hat a paramount issue to avoid transmission of infection in occupational settings is an appropriate decontamination of often-touched surfaces and usage of appropriate personal protective equipment by the workers at high risk of infection. The group that should especially protect themselves and be educated in the field of early symptoms of the disease and preventi …

< < Дорожная карта исследований в области биобезопасности > > : < < Поиск доказательств в поддержку практики в лабораторных и криминальных вирусах Конго > > и < < Ласса вирус > > .

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: вирус Геморрагической лихорадки Крымского Конго (CFV) и вирус Ласса (LASV) представляют собой зоонотические агенты, рассматриваемые в качестве патогенов с высокой степенью поражения в силу их высокой смертности. Вирус CFV - это трансмиссивное заболевание, которое передается клещами. Вирус Ласса распространяется путем аэрозолизации сухой крысиной мочи, поглощения зараженных крыс и прямого контакта с пищей и водой, загрязненными крысами, или их потребления. МЕТОДЫ: Для оценки доказательной базы и пробелов в знаниях, связанных с биобезопасности, была проанализирована научная литература,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus and Lassa virus (LASV) are zoonotic agents regarded as high-consequence pathogens … ission, infectious dose, laboratory-acquired infections, containment releases, and disinfection and decontamination strategies. RESULTS: There is a lack of data on the safe collection and handling procedures for tick specimens and the infectious dose from an infective tick bite for CCHF investigations. In addition, there are gaps in knowledge about gastrointesti …

Potential of Essential Oils in the Control of Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, the causative agent of listeriosis. Infections typically occur through consumption of foods, such as meats, fisheries, milk, vegetables, and fruits. Today, chemical preservatives are used in foods; however, due to their effects on human health, attention is increasingly turning to natural decontamination practices. One option is the application of essential oils (EOs) with antibacterial features, since EOs are considered by many authorities as being safe. In this review, we aimed to summarize the results of recent research focusing on EOs with an…

Triage Algorithms for Mass-Casualty Bioterrorism: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: To understand existing triage algorithms, propose improvement measures through comparison to better deal with mass-casualty inci … ple, prevent infection and determine the type of biological agents used. Research on the effects of decontamination on bioterrorism attacks needs to continue. For anthrax triage, future research should improve the distinction between inhalational anthrax symptoms and common disease symptoms and improve the efficiency of triage measures. More attention should be p …

New Bacteriophages with Podoviridal Morphotypes Active against Yersinia pestis: Characterization and Application Potential.

Phages of highly pathogenic bacteria represent an area of growing interest for bacterial detection and identification and subspecies typing, as well as for phage therapy and environmental decontamination. Eight new phages-YpEc56, YpEc56D, YpEc57, YpEe58, YpEc1, YpEc2, YpEc11, and YpYeO9-expressing lytic activity towards Yersinia pestis revealed a virion morphology consistent with the Podoviridae morphotype. These phages lyse all 68 strains from 2 different sets of Y. pestis isolates, thus limiting their potential application for subtyping of Y. pestis strains but making them rather promising i…

Catalytic Membrane with Copper Single-Atom Catalysts for Effective Hydrogen Peroxide Activation and Pollutant Destruction.

The superior catalytic property of single-atom catalysts (SACs) renders them highly desirable in the energy and environmental fields. However, using SACs for water decontamination is hindered by their limited spatial distribution and density on engineered surfaces and low stability in complex aqueous environments. Herein, we present copper SACs (Cu1) anchored on a thiol-doped reactive membrane for water purification. We demonstrate that the fabricated Cu1 features a Cu-S2 coordination─one copper atom is bridged by two thiolate sulfur atoms, resulting in high-density Cu-SACs on the membrane (2.…

Culture independent markers of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infection and disease in the cystic fibrosis airway.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens that affect a relatively small but significant portion of the people with cyst … the very slow growth, inability to quantitate bacterial burden, and low sensitivity due to required decontamination procedures. A range of markers have been identified in sputum, saliva, breath, blood, urine, as well as radiographic studies. Proposed markers to detect presence of NTM or transition to NTM disease include bacterial cell wall products and DNA, as we …

Long-Term Detection in Hair of Zolpidem, Oxazepam and Flunitrazepam in a Case of Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault.

Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) cases are pretty common in forensic toxicology. In this case report, a 56-year-old female tourist claimed to have been sexually assaulted by five men after having had a drug-spiked alcoholic drink. Urine samples were collected at 38, 44 and 45 h after the alleged rape. After 7 months, hair strands (28 cm in length) were also sampled to perform the segmental hair testing. The urine samples and decontaminated hair segments were tested for different groups of basic, acidic and neutral substances (γ-hydroxybutyrate or GHB, Z-drugs, barbiturates, benzodiazepin

Quantitative Fit Evaluation of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators and Coronavirus Inactivation Following Heat Treatment.

Reuse of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs, commonly referred to as N95s) normally meant for single use has become common in healthcare … es investigating heat as a means to recycle FFRs. These differences suggest that while our repeated decontamination cycles do not affect FFR fit, overall wear time and the number of donning/doffing cycles are important factors that likely degrade FFR fit and must be investigated further.

Assessment of Epidemiological Safety in the Cosmetic Service Industry in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

The variety of current cosmetic procedures has increased the potential risks of adverse events and infections. In a nationwide cross-section … of the respondents (84%) reportedly washed the salon tools. Some establishments did not perform any decontamination (2%) or sterilization (~13%) procedures. Occupational punctures or lacerations occurred from needles, ampoules-syringes, or razors. Most respondents had attended professional training or studied medical textbooks. Approximately 1.7% of the responden …

Introducing Polyhydroxyurethane Hydrogels and Coatings for Formaldehyde Capture.

Formaldehyde (FA) is a harmful chemical product largely used for producing resins found in our living spaces. Residual FA that leaches out the resin contributes to our indoor air pollution and causes some important health issues. Systems able to capture this volatile organic compound are highly desirable; however, traditional adsorbents are most often restricted to air filtration systems. Herein, we report novel waterborne coatings that are acting as a FA sponge for indoor air decontamination. These coatings, of the poly(hydroxyurethane) (PHU) type, rich in primary amine groups, are prepared b…

Isolation and characterization of a lytic bacteriophage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In recent years, the use of bacteriophages (or 'phages') against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa has drawn considerable attention, globally. In this work, we report the isolation and detailed characterization of a highly lytic Pseudomonasphage DRL-P1 isolated from wastewater. Under TEM, DRL-P1 appeared as a member of the phage family Myoviridae. DRL-P1 featured rapid adsorption (~ 5 min), short-latency (~ 30 min), and large burst size (~ 100 PFU per infected cell). DRL-P1 can withstand a wide temperature range (4 °C to 40 °C) and pH (5.0 to 10.0) conditions.

Revisiting the Evidence for the Reuse of Enteral Feeding Equipment in Ambulatory Patients: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The reuse of enteral tube feeding (ETF) equipment is not recommended due to the risk of microbial contamination and subsequent risk of infection; however, this practice continues in many ambulatory settings. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to review the evidence underpinning the cleaning and reuse of ETF equipment. METHODS: Studies that investigated the reuse, decontamination, and/or cleaning of ETF equipment were considered for inclusion. Electronic databases were searched (no limits were placed on date of publication, age, or duration of reuse). Extracted da…

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Diabetic Foot Crossed Infection: A Case Report.

This work presents a protocol to prevent the transmission of multidrug-resistant infections. We focus on the Diabetic Foot Unit Podiatry Cli … problem. This paper describes compliance with new general recommendations on cleaning, hygiene, and decontamination, in addition to implementation of this specific protocol, after detection of cross infection (healthcare-related infection) in the studied unit in two patients with MRSA-infected ulcers. After an in-depth bibliographical review, strict hand hygiene …

Accumulation and characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in loess soil-based subsurface wastewater infiltration system with aeration and biochar addition.

Subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWISs) have been widely used to treat rural domestic sewage. However, the low nitrogen removal and severe clogging problem always restrict the sustainability of SWISs for wastewater treatment. This study investigated the effects of aeration and biochar on the accumulation of nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the substrate of loess soil-based SWISs for understanding the accumulation characteristics of DOM and the enhanced decontamination mechanism. The results showed that biochar addition could not improve the accumulation of nitrogen an…

Efficacy of microbicides for inactivation of Ebola-Makona virus on a non-porous surface: a targeted hygiene intervention for reducing virus spread.

Microbicides play critical roles in infection prevention and control of Ebola virus by decontaminating high-touch environmental surfaces (HITES), interrupting the virus-HITES-hands nexus. We evaluated the efficacy of formulations containing different microbicidal actives for inactivating Ebola virus-Makona strain (EBOV/Mak) on stainless-steel carriers per ASTM E2197-11. Formulations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (0.05-1%), ethanol (70%), chloroxylenol (PCMX) (0.12-0.48% by weight) in hard water, and a ready-to-use disinfectant spray with 58% ethanol (EDS), were tested at contact times of 0, o

"Candido's List": the workers of Collotta Cis & Figli at Molina di Ledro in Trento Province, Italy. A tale of magnesia, asbestos and work.

The study entitled "Candido's List" (La Lista di Candido) is not the work of the three authors alone. A good part of the community is entitl … osited the first patent in the world for the extraction of magnesium carbonate, and closes with the decontamination of the factory site in the late 1980s. A needful section has been set aside for the painful facts relating to the processing of asbestos fibre; a final space, midway between an artistic reading and an interpretation for the future, has seen the invo …