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Clusterin Induces MUC5AC Expression via Activation of NF-κB in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

OBJECTIVES: Clusterin (CLU) is known as apolipoprotein J, and has three isoforms with different biological functions. CLU is associated with various diseases such as Alzheimer disease, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Recent studies report an association of CLU with inflammation and immune response in inflammatory airway diseases. However, the effect of CLU on mucin secretion of airway epithelial cells has not yet been understood. Therefore, the effect and brief signaling pathway of CLU on MUC5AC (as a major secreted mucin) expression were investigated in human airway epithelial cells. …

Quercetogetin protects against cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis in epithelial cells by inhibiting mitophagy.

Recent studies demonstrate that the autophagy-dependent turnover of mitochondria (mitophagy) mediates pulmonary epithelial cell death in response to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure, and contributes to emphysema development in vivo during chronic cigarette smoke (CS)-exposure, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of mitophagy in regulating apoptosis in CSE-exposed human lung bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, we investigated the potential of the polymethoxylated flavone antioxidant quercetogetin (QUE) to inhibit CSE-induced mitophagy-dep…

Molecular characterization of gene regulatory networks in primary human tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Robust methods to culture primary airway epithelial cells were developed several decades ago and these cells provide the model of choice to investigate many diseases of the human lung. However, the molecular signature of cells from different regions of the airway epithelium has not been well characterized. METHODS: We utilize DNase-seq and RNA-seq to examine the molecular signatures of primary cells derived from human tracheal and bronchial tissues, as well as healthy and diseased (cystic fibrosis (CF)) donor lung tissue. RESULTS: Our data reveal an airway cell signature that is …

Limbal niche cells: a novel feeder cell for autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation.

AIM: To establish a culture system using conspecific limbal niche cells (LNCs) as feeders for autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET). MATERIALS & METHODS: Rabbit oral epithelial sheets, harvested from culture systems containing LNCs or 3T3 cells, were transplanted onto limbal stem cell-deficient rabbit eyes (COMET-3T3 or COMET-LNCs). RESULTS: After COMET, corneas were relatively restored, with the exception of mild neovascularization in one cornea of the COMET-3T3 group. CD34 was detected in COMET-3T3 group corneas. Corneas of the COMET-LNCs group expressed hig

CCR7 preservation via histone deacetylase inhibition promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

The effects of Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) differs in various types of cancers. However, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well-explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of HDAC inhibition on EMT in HCC cells by using trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid (VPA). The results showed that TSA/VPA significantly induced EMT phenotype, as demonstrated by the decreased level of E-cadherin, increased level of N-cadherin, vimentin, Twist and snail, and enhanced capacity of cell migration and invasion. In addition, CCR7

Modulation of NCAM/FGFR1 signaling suppresses EMT program in human proximal tubular epithelial cells.

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) cross-talk have been involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process during carcinogenesis. Since EMT also contributes to maladaptive repair and parenchymal damage during renal fibrosis, we became encouraged to explore the role of NCAM/FGFR1 signaling as initiating or driving forces of EMT program in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). TECs stimulated with TGF-β1 (10ng/mL) was used as an established in vitro EMT model. TGF-β1 downstream effectors were detected in vitro, as w…

Functional Role of SUV39H1 in Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Under High-glucose Ambiance.

SUV39H1, the histone methyltransferase (HMTase) of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), is a known transcriptional repressor of inf … asured using immunohistochemical, while SUV39H1, H3K9me3, IL-6, and MCP-1 in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) under varying glucose conditions were assayed by Western blot and ELISA. SUV39H1 was overexpressed in HK-2 cells; the regulation of SUV39H1 and H3K9me3 on NF-κB, IL-6, MCP-1, caspase 3, and apoptosis was measured. SUV39H1 was expressed more i …

Concise Review: Altered Versus Unaltered Amniotic Membrane as a Substrate for Limbal Epithelial Cells.

Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can result from a variety of corneal disorders, including chemical and thermal burns, infections, and autoimmune diseases. The symptoms of LSCD may include irritation, epiphora, blepharospasms, photophobia, pain, and decreased vision. There are a number of treatment options, ranging from nonsurgical treatments for mild LSCD to various forms of surgery that involve different cell types cultured on various substrates. Ex vivo expansion of limbal epithelial cells (LEC) involves the culture of LEC harvested either from the patient, a living relative, or a cadaver…

Protective effect of polydatin on radiation-induced injury of intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells.

This study aimed to examine the radioprotective effect of polydatin (PD) on crypt and endothelial cells of the small intestines of C57BL/6 mice that received abdominal irradiation (IR). Mice were treated with 6 MV X-ray (20 Gy) abdominal IR at a dose rate of 200 cGy/min. Thirty minutes before or after IR, mice were intraperitoneally injected with PD. The rate of survival of the mice at 30 days after IR was determined. The duodenum (upper small intestine), jejunum (middle small intestine), and ileum (lower small intestine) were collected and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tissue s

Гепаран сульфат является важным посредником инфекции вируса Эбола в поляризированных эпителиальных клетках.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: В настоящее время не имеется утвержденных УЛХ вакцин или методов лечения вирусного заболевания Эбола (ВИД), и терапия по-прежнему в значительной степени поддерживается. Вирус Эболы (ЭБОВ) имеет широкий тканевой тропизм и может заразить различные клетки, включая эпителиальные клетки. Эпифелевые клетки отличаются от большинства других типов клеток по их поляризованному фенотипу и функции барьера. В поляризированных клетках апичные и басоугольные мембранные области демаркируются жесткими соединениями и специализированными устройствами сортировки, что приводит к различиям в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Currently, no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments are available for Ebola virus disease (EVD), and therapy remains largely supportive. Ebola virus (EBOV) has broad tissue tropism and can infect a variety of cells including epithelial cells. Epithelial cells differ from most other cell types by their polarized phenotype and barrier function. In po…

Assessment of p.Phe508del-CFTR functional restoration in pediatric primary cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene can reduce function of the CFTR ion channel activity and impair cellular chloride secretion. The gold standard method to assess CFTR function of ion transport using the Ussing chamber requires a high number of airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface, limiting the application of this method for high throughput screening of potential therapeutic compounds in primary airway epithelial cells (pAECs) featuring less common CFTR mutations. This study assessed an alternative approach, using a small scale hal…

An upstream protein-coding region in enteroviruses modulates virus infection in gut epithelial cells.

Enteroviruses comprise a large group of mammalian pathogens that includes poliovirus. Pathology in humans ranges from sub-clinical to acute … s, we have identified a previously unknown enterovirus protein that facilitates virus growth in gut epithelial cells-the site of initial viral invasion into susceptible hosts. These findings overturn the 50-year-old dogma that enteroviruses use a single-polyprotein gene expression strategy and have important implications for the understanding of enterovirus pathog …

Transition of Mesenchymal and Epithelial Cancer Cells Depends on α1-4 Galactosyltransferase-Mediated Glycosphingolipids.

The reversible transitions of cancer cells between epithelial and mesenchymal states comprise cellular and molecular processes essential for local tumor growth and respective dissemination. We report here that globoside glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycosyltransferase-encoding genes are elevated in epithelial cells and correlate with characteristic EMT signatures predictive of disease outcome. Depletion of globosides through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of the key enzyme A4GALT induces EMT, enhances chemoresistance, and increased CD24low/CD44high cells. The cholera toxin-induced mesenchymal-to-epi…

Optimized isolation and expansion of human airway epithelial basal cells from endobronchial biopsy samples.

Autologous airway epithelial cells have been used in clinical tissue-engineered airway transplantation procedures with a view to assisting mucosal regeneration and restoring mucociliary escalator function. However, limited time is available for epithelial cell expansion due to the urgent nature of these interventions and slow epithelial regeneration has been observed in patients. Human airway epithelial cells can be expanded from small biopsies or brushings taken during bronchoscopy procedures, but the optimal mode of tissue acquisition from patients has not been investigated. Here, we compare…

[Role of roxithromycin on glucocorticoid resistance of human bronchial epithelial cells and its mechanism].

Objective: To explore the effects of roxithromycin (RXM) on glucocorticoid resistance of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to smoke and its mechanism. Methods: Beas-2B cells as the research object were grouped into: control group, 10%cigarette smoke extract (CSE) group, roxithromycin (RXM)+ 10%CSE group. With 10%CSE intervention in the 10%CSE group, 10%CSE and RXM intervention in the RXM+ 10%CSE group, complete culture solution intervention in the control group. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IL-8 inhibition rate and dexamethas…

Arsenite downregulates H3K4 trimethylation and H3K9 dimethylation during transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.

Arsenic is an established human carcinogen but with weak mutagenic activity. The mechanisms of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of histone methylation in transformation of human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. After 16 weeks' exposure, cells were transformed by 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μm arsenite. Global trimethylated H3K4 (H3K4me3) was decreased by 0.1 μm arsenite at 12 weeks, and 0.5 and 1 μm arsenite at 8, 12 and 16 weeks, which could be attributed to reduced histone methyltransferase activities, increased histone demethylas

In the Wnt of Paneth Cells: Immune-Epithelial Crosstalk in Small Intestinal Crohn's Disease.

Paneth cells, specialized secretory epithelial cells of the small intestine, play a pivotal role in host defense and regulation of microbiota by producing antimicrobial peptides especially-but not only-the human α-defensin 5 (HD5) and HD6. In small intestinal Crohn's disease (CD) which is an entity of inflammatory bowel diseases, the expression of HD5 and HD6 is specifically compromised leading to a disturbed barrier and change in the microbial community. Different genetically driven but also non-genetic defects associated with small intestinal CD affect different lines of antimicrobial Paneth…

Atorvastatin Promotes Phagocytosis and Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Response in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Phagocytosis of daily shed photoreceptor outer segments is an important function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and it is essential for retinal homeostasis. RPE dysfunction, especially impairment of its phagocytic ability, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Statins, or HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors, are drugs with multiple properties that have been extensively used to treat hyperlipidemia. However, their effect on RPE cells has not been fully elucidated. Here we report that high dose atorvastati

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains induce strain-specific cytokine and chemokine response in pulmonary epithelial cells.

M. tuberculosis F15/LAM4/KZN has been associated with high transmission rates of drug resistant tuberculosis in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The current study elucidated the cytokine/chemokine responses induced by representatives of the F15/LAM4/KZN and other dominant strain families in pulmonary epithelial cells. Multiplex cytokine analyses were performed at 24, 48 and 72h post infection of the A549 pulmonary epithelial cell line with the F15/LAM4/KZN, F28, F11, Beijing, Unique and H37Rv strains at an MOI of ∼10:1. Twenty-three anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines we…

[Expression and significance of IKKε in the specimens and cells of epithelial ovarian cancer].

Objective: To examine the expressions of IKKε protein in the specimens and cells of epithelial ovarian cancer and investigate the effect of IKKε inhibitor on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods: (1) A total of 118 cases of patients with the median age of 59 who have accepted surgical treatment due to ovarian cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2006 to April 2013 were selected. Twenty cases of patients with the median age of 55 who have accepted hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy due to uterine leiomyoma during the same period were selecte