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Look Fear in the Eyes: The Influence of Emotion Regulation on Spider Size Estimation-A Pupillometry Study.

The link between perceptual biases and fear has been extensively documented in recent years. For example, the size of spiders is overestimated among people with a high fear of them. While emotion regulation processes are known to reduce fear, it is yet unknown whether emotion regulation can also reduce fear-related perceptual biases. This study examined the behavioral and physiological influence of cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation strategy, on spider size estimation among women with a high fear of spiders. Forty women with a high fear of spiders completed a trial-by-trial …

The relationship between fear of movement and ankle biomechanical strategies in a 180° change of direction task.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between fear of movement and ankle biomechanics and timed performance in a 505 agility change of direction (COD) test, and to assess the association between the biomechanical indices with timed performance. METHODS: Twenty participants, who play football at a university level or higher, with a history of ankle injuries were recruited. All participants performed three maximal effort 505 agility COD tests. Three-dimensional ankle range of motion (ROM, measured using inertial measurement units) and the average ankle muscle co-activation (tibialis anterior, so…

Assessment of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in the prison population: Psychometric properties of the AMICO_Inmates scale.

The COVID-19 disease has entailed a public health challenge and an increased sense of uncertainty for the prison population, who have experienced restrictions on access to social contacts, communal areas, and information for a longer and more recent period than the general population, as well as increased levels of anxiety and fear associated with the COVID-19 disease. The objective of this study was the validation of the Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 (AMICO) Assessment Scale to measure both anxiety and fear constructs in Spanish prison inmates. A descriptive psychometric validation study was c…

Individual-family and social predictors of fear of childbirth in nulliparous pregnant women in Amol, Iran.

OBJECTIVE: Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a common problem during pregnancy and can be associated with increased maternal and fetal complications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the frequency and intensity of FOC and some related individual, family, and social factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 473 nulliparous women selected by convenience sampling. Data was collected by socio-demographic characteristics and factors related to the FOC questionnaire, the Wijma delivery expectation questionnaire, the Jerabeck communication skills inventory, and the Spanier dyad…

Comparison of State-Trait Anxiety and Fear of Childbirth According to Attachment Styles of Pregnant Women.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: Fear of childbirth (FoC) and its extreme form, tokophobia, is a clinical condition that can lead to many negative consequences, and its importance is increasingly understood. This article aims to assess the severity of FoC and anxiety levels according to different attachment styles and to investigate the relationships between these factors. DESIGN/METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a state hospital in the largest city in Turkey. Three hundred pregnant women attending the Antenatal Outpatient Clinic were included. A sociodemographic questionnaire, Wijma Delivery…

A New Instrument to Define Parental Fear Regarding Feeding Their Children: A Reliability and Validity Study.

This study aimed to develop the 'Fear of Feeding My Child- A Parental Report (FF-PR)', which measures the parental fear of feeding their children, and to determine its reliability and validity. The study consists of the developmental phase and reported the content validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct, criterion, and discriminant validity. The study included two groups; 'Group I (N = 90)' who had a neurological disorder and their parents, and 'Group II (N = 60)' who were typically developing children without any feeding and swallowing problems and their parents. Li…

Fear of childbirth in primipara women and its correlation with premenstrual syndrome: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Fear of Childbirth (FOC) is the most common psychological problem among pregnant women, especially in primipara women who are more likely to fear the unknown delivery process. The causes of FOC are complex and influenced by various factors, but the impact of menstruation-related factors remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current situation of FOC in primiparous women during late pregnancy, investigate the influencing factors of FOC, and further explore the correlation between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and FOC. METHODS: This study is a multicenter cros…

The role of personality traits on fear of childbirth in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to summarize the relationship between personality traits and fear of childbirth. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases from 1858 to January 23, 2024. Eligible studies were cross-sectional or longitudinal, involving pregnant women and examining links between personality traits and fear of childbirth. A random effects model was employed for the meta-analysis of the Big Five personality traits and fear of childbirth, with subgroup analyses of measurement tools. Additional personality traits were reviewed narratively. RESULTS: Of the 15 p…

Fear of intimate partner and women's engagement in exercise: insights from a national survey in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Women in abusive or controlling relationships often experience restrictions on their autonomy, mobility, and decision-making capacity. Furthermore, fear of a husband or partner, whether stemming from psychological abuse, coercive control, or physical violence, may influence a woman's ability to engage in health-promoting activities like exercise. However, the relationship between fear in intimate relationships and excercise remains underexplored. We examined whether there was an association between relational fear and women's engagement in exercise, as well as the direction of this…

DNA methylation as a new frontier in treating fear-related disorders: A need for careful evaluation.

In the contemporary research landscape of mental illness treatment, fear-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder continue to pose significant challenges. Although exposure therapy remains a fundamental component of treatment, its efficacy varies considerably among individuals. DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the extinction of fear memories, providing a promising molecular mechanism that could enhance the success of exposure-based interventions. Extensive studies have consistently demonstrated a substantial association between DNA methylation and neuronal plasticity. Wh…

Detection of obstetric anal sphincter injuries: From the fear of malpractice to a quality indicator of a center.

Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) constitute a significant complication in vaginal childbirth, affecting up to 26% of deliveries and representing the leading cause of anal incontinence among women. Despite their prevalence and serious long-term consequences, OASIs remain widely underreported, partly because of clinicians' hesitancy linked to fear of litigation, peer criticism, and a pervasive culture that discourages disclosure of adverse events. Recent evidence emphasizes that underreporting exacerbates rather than mitigates legal risks and patient harm, underscoring the urgent need f…

Fears Related to Blood-Injection-Injury Inhibit Bystanders from Giving First Aid.

INTRODUCTION: Prehospital emergency care is vital for saving lives, and increasing bystander involvement can improve survival and recovery. One potential barrier to providing first aid is blood-injury injection (BII) phobia, which affects up to 20% of people, with 3-5% experiencing severe fear. Identifying such barriers may help tailor interventions to encourage willingness to provide first aid. METHODS: We developed and validated the Probability of Giving First-aid Scale (PGFAS), a six-item questionnaire, using the polytomous Rasch Model to assess reliability and validity. The PGFAS was then…

Introduction to the Special Issue: Integration of Technologies into Cognitive Behavioral Therapies for Fear-Based Conditions.

Cognitive behavioral therapies are the first-line psychotherapeutics for fear-based conditions, including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive (OCD), and trauma-related disorders. Despite documented efficaciousness and effectiveness, various factors limit the availability of these evidence-based treatments. Technologies may be used to circumvent treatment barriers, improving access to care and optimizing treatments to address symptoms among those with fear-based conditions. Original research articles in this Special Issue include a study on provider use of digital mental health and extended reality t…

The Effects of Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Social Support on Postpartum Depression: A Path Analysis.

RATIONALE: Postpartum depression is a significant health problem that negatively affects maternal and fetal health and should be carefully evaluated by health professionals in extraordinary situations such as disasters and pandemics. This study aimed to examine the effects of fear of COVID-19, perceived social support, and some socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of women on the risk of postpartum depression during the pandemic period using path analysis. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 226 women over 18 years of age, literate, gave birth at term, were betwe…

Extinction learning and return of fear in a large sample of children and adolescents with and without anxiety disorders.

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health problems in childhood and adolescence, highlighting the importance to study their underlying mechanisms. One key process in fear reduction, particularly in exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy, is extinction learning. While extensively studied in adults, its role in youth remains underexplored. The aim of the present study was to examine fear extinction learning and return of fear in a large sample of children and adolescents (N = 274; age range 8-16 years, M = 11.07, SD = 2.22; 55.8 % female) with separation anxiety disorder, socia…

Эксплуатация программы тренировок в Отаго на страхе падения и нарушения равновесия у лиц с множественным склерозом.

Боязнь падения и нарушения равновесия значительно снижает качество жизни людей с множественным склерозом. Программа тренировок в Отаго доказала свою эффективность в других неврологических условиях, ставит перед собой цели укрепления равновесия и ходьбы. ЦЕЛЬ: Оценка воздействия программы тренировок в Отаго на страх падения и равновесия у людей с множественным склерозом. МЕТОД: Был использован предтестный экспериментальный проект после испытания. Двадцать три участника, у которых показатель серьезности заболеваний ниже 6,5, были произвольно отнесены либо к группе отаго, либо к обычной группе тр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Fear of falling and balance impairment significantly reduce quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis. The Otago exercise program, proven effective in other neurological conditions, targets strengthening, balance, and walking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the Otago exercise program on fear of falling and balance in individuals…

[Effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on fear extinction and sleep phase in single prolonged stress mice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on fear extinction and sleep phase in single prolonged stress (SPS) mice, and explore its mechanism in view of the expression of relevant synaptic proteins. METHODS: Thirty-two C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, an EA group and a paroxetine (PRX) group, with 8 mice in each one. Modified SPS method was used to establish PTSD model in the model group, the EA group and the PRX group. Seven days after modeling completion, in the EA group, the intervention was delivered at "Baihui" (GV 20) and b…

Assessing Fears of Negative Consequences in Children With Symptoms of Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Fear of Aversive Consequences (FOAC), such as choking or vomiting, is an important associated feature of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). However, the manifestation of FOAC in young children is poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the fears of children with ARFID symptoms and examine the concordance between parent and child ratings of fear. METHOD: Child-reported FOAC was assessed using an interview designed for children between 6 and 10 years old, the Gustatory Avoidance and Gastrointestinal Stress Symptoms (GAGSS). Parents were administered a semi-str…

A Scoping Review of Interventions Aimed at Reducing Fear of Falling in Older Adults With Orthopedic Conditions.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fear of falling (FoF) is a persistent anxiety regarding the risk of falling, which can even impact individuals without a history of falls. Fear of falling has been associated with decreased physical functioning and increased risk of falls. Most interventions have focused on reducing FoF in healthy older adults. This study aimed to review the literature's scope, nature, and content related to FoF interventions in older adults with orthopedic conditions. METHODS: A scoping literature review was conducted. The method steps included identifying the research question, ident…

Health Information as "Fodder for Fears": A Qualitative Analysis of Types and Determinants of the Nonuse of Health Information.

As not all individuals are willing to pay attention to health information it is crucial to understand and distinguish the underlying motives and the scope of various nonuse behaviors. To increase conceptual clarity and specify theoretical assumptions about the types of nonuse of health information and their determinants, we used a qualitative research approach. Semi-structured interviews with 11 female, 10 male, and 10 non-binary participants aged between 18 and 67 (M = 39.7) showed that information ignoring and avoidance are two distinct behaviors characterized by their motivational patterns.