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Distinct outcomes of labetalol exposed infants: case reports and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of long-term maternal exposure of labetalol on neonates have been recognized clinically. But there are few systematic studies on their clinical demonstrations and potential mechanisms. METHODS: A death case of an infant with long-term maternal labetalol exposure was reported and compared with two case reports from the literature. A systematic literature review was carried out followed by a retrospective analysis on neonatal labetalol withdrawal effects. RESULTS: It was discovered that labetalol withdrawal effects initially cause various degrees of hypotension,…

Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Several studies support a plausible association of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about the potential link between circulating PCBs levels in early pregnancy and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Here, we conducted a prospective study with a nested case-control design to determine the association of PCB exposure in early pregnancy with GDM risk. Concentrations of selected so-called 'indicator PCBs' were determined in sera of women in the first trimester of pregnancy via gas chromatography - high resol

Effects of chronic gamma irradiation: a multigenerational study using Caenorhabditis elegans.

The effects of chronic exposure to (137)Cs gamma radiation (dose rate ranging from 6.6 to 42.7 mGy h(-1)) on growth and reproductive ability were carried out over three generations of Caenorhabditis elegans (F0, F1, and F2). Exposure began at the egg stage for the first generation and was stopped at the end of laying of third-generation eggs (F2). At the same time, the two subsequent generations from parental exposure were returned to the control conditions (F1' and F2'). There was no radiation-induced significant effect on growth, hatchability, and cumulative number of larvae within generatio

Residential proximity to major roads and obstetrical complications.

Exposure to air pollution is linked with an increased risk of preterm births. To provide further evidence on this relationship, we evaluated the association between proximity to major roads--as an index for air pollution exposure--and various obstetrical complications. Data were extracted from a database maintained by the perinatal hospital in Shizuoka, Japan. We restricted the analysis to mothers with singleton pregnancies of more than 22 weeks of gestation from 1997 to 2012 (n=19,077). Using the geocoded residential information, each mother was assigned proximity to major roads. We then esti

Tobacco and pregnancy: overview of exposures and effects.

This opening article will review the epidemiology of the effects of cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco exposure on human development. Sources of exposure described include cigarettes and other forms of smoked tobacco, secondhand (environmental) tobacco smoke, several forms of smokeless tobacco, and nicotine from nicotine replacement therapy. Exposure is immense and worldwide, most of it due to smoking, but in some parts of the world and in some populations, smoking is exceeded by smokeless tobacco use. Nicotine and carbon monoxide exposure are of large concern, but cigarette smoke co

Prenatal methylmercury exposure hampers glutathione antioxidant system ontogenesis and causes long-lasting oxidative stress in the mouse brain.

During the perinatal period, the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely sensitive to metals, including methylmercury (MeHg). Although the mechanism(s) associated with MeHg-induced developmental neurotoxicity remains obscure, several studies point to the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system as an important molecular target for this toxicant. To extend our recent findings of MeHg-induced GSH dyshomeostasis, the present study was designed to assess the developmental profile of the GSH antioxidant system in the mouse brain during the early postnatal period after in utero exposure to MeHg. Pregn

Causal hypothesis for some congenital anomalies.

Congenital anomalies are a major cause of fetal and neonatal death and of childhood morbidity. Chromosomal and other genetic abnormalities, environmental teratogens and some nutritional deficiencies account for some congenital anomalies but the majority are of unknown etiology. The hypothesis is here proposed that a significant proportion of congenital anomalies and cerebral palsy of unknown etiology are attributable to a monozygotic multiple conception with monochorionic placentation and that these anomalies, even in singletons, may be explained by early, unrecognized or unrecorded loss of on

Teratogen update: lead and pregnancy.

This review focuses on the impacts of lead exposure on reproductive health and outcomes. High levels of paternal lead exposure (>40 microg/dl or >25 microg/dl for a period of years) appear to reduce fertility and to increase the risks of spontaneous abortion and reduced fetal growth (preterm delivery, low birth weight). Maternal blood lead levels of approximately 10 microg/dl have been linked to increased risks of pregnancy hypertension, spontaneous abortion, and reduced offspring neurobehavioral development. Somewhat higher maternal lead levels have been linked to reduced fetal growth. Some s

Infant subcortical brain volumes associated with maternal obesity and diabetes: a large multicohort human study.

BACKGROUND: Maternal diabetes and obesity are established risk factors for adverse offspring health. Emerging evidence suggests that these fetal programming effects vary by sex, yet it remains unclear whether these factors independently or interactively influence early brain development. METHODS: This prospective study included 1,965 infants from six international cohorts. Infant MRI was used to derive subcortical volumes (thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, caudate). ComBat harmonization was applied. Multiple linear regression tested main and interaction effects of maternal o

Ambient PM2.5 exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: Evidence from an instrumental variable analysis in a prospective birth cohort study in China.

Evidence on the association between maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains inconsistent, and more robust evidence is lacking. We investigated the association between maternal PM2.5 exposure and GDM, identified susceptible exposure windows, and explored potential effect modification. Using data from the China Southwest Birth Cohort, daily PM2.5 exposure was estimated at residential addresses during the first trimester, the second trimester, and the first two trimesters combined. GDM was diagnosed using a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tole…

Association of intimate partner violence with offspring growth in 32 low- and middle-income countries: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women presents a major public health challenge, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), and its relationship with poor offspring growth is emerging but remains understudied. This study aimed to explore the impact of maternal exposure to IPV on offspring growth based on different approaches in LMICs. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys from 32 LMICs; 81,652 mother-child dyads comprising women aged from 15 to 49 years with children aged 0 to 59 months were included…

Maternal Immune Activation Alters Fetal Brain Development and Enhances Proliferation of Neural Precursor Cells in Rats.

Maternal immune activation (MIA) caused by exposure to pathogens or inflammation during critical periods of neurodevelopment is a major risk factor for behavioral deficits and psychiatric illness in offspring. A spectrum of behavioral abnormalities can be recapitulated in rodents by inducing MIA using the viral mimetic, PolyI:C. Many studies have focused on long-term changes in brain structure and behavioral outcomes in offspring following maternal PolyI:C exposure, but acute changes in prenatal development are not well-characterized. Using RNA-Sequencing, we profiled acute transcriptomic chan

Prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust PM2.5 causes offspring β cell dysfunction in adulthood.

Environmental stressors that encounter in early-life and cause abnormal fetal and/or neonatal development may increase susceptibility to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes. Maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with various fetal abnormalities, suggesting that it may program offspring's susceptibility to diabetes. In the present study, we therefore examined whether maternal exposure to diesel exhaust PM2.5 (DEP), one of the major sources of ambient PM2.5 in urban areas, programs adult offspring's glucose metabolism. Female C57Bl/6J mice were intratr…

Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Airway Resistance, and Asthma in School-age Children: The Generation R Study.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke exposure has been associated with early childhood asthma symptoms. We assessed the associations of tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and childhood with wheezing patterns, asthma, airway interrupter resistance (Rint), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) in school-age children and whether birth characteristics explained the associations. METHODS: This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 6,007 children. Paternal and maternal smoking during pregnancy (never, first trimester only, continued), secondhand tobacco smoke exposu

Гестационное воздействие желтой лихорадки на различных стадиях развития вызывает поведенческие изменения в потомстве.

Наиболее эффективным методом предотвращения желтой лихорадки и борьбы с этим заболеванием является вакцина, сделанная с помощью ослабленного живого вируса. Из-за неврологического тропизма вируса не рекомендуется проводить профилактические прививки для младенцев в возрасте до 6 месяцев и беременных женщин. Однако данных о безопасности беременных женщин недостаточно, и отсутствуют какие-либо экспериментальные исследования по изучению негативных последствий для потомства после воздействия вакцины на матерей. Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучении на мышах последствий воздействия на матере

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The most effective method to prevent yellow fever and control the disease is a vaccine made with attenuated live virus. Due to the neurologi … nt women and there are no experimental studies investigating adverse effects to the offspring after maternal exposure to the vaccine. This study aimed to investigate, in mice, the effects of maternal exposure to the yellow fever vaccine at three different gestational ages on the physical and behavioral development of the offspring. Pregnant Swiss mice received a si …

Maternal drug use, fertility problems, and infant craniostenosis.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that maternal drug use or treatment for infertility is related to the occurrence of infant craniostenosis. DESIGN AND MATERIAL: Maternal drug use and infertility treatment were studied in 398 cases of craniostenosis, identified from various Swedish health registers. Exposure information was ascertained in early pregnancy, and comparisons after adjustment for some confounders were made with all infants born. In order to validate some findings, data from the Central-East France Registry were studied for first trimester drug exposure in 235 infants, and use of o

Perinatal Redox Dysregulation in Gestational Tobacco Exposure: Compartment-Specific Composite Indices and Their Association with Birth Outcomes-A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Gestational tobacco exposure is a major modifiable risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes; how smoking-induced redox perturbations transmit across the placental barrier to the fetal compartment, and mediate neonatal outcomes, remains incompletely understood. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 66 maternal-neonatal dyads (24 smokers, 42 non-smokers) from Târgu-Mures, six redox biomarkers (nitrite, nitrate, malondialdehyde, reduced, oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG) and GSH/GSSG ratio) were quantified in paired maternal and cord blood and converted to SI units, and pathway-specif

Organophosphate ester flame retardant chemicals and maternal depression during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Depression substantially contributes to pregnancy-related morbidity, and pregnancy is increasingly recognized as a vulnerable window for exposure effects on maternal mental health. Exposures to organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous and may have neurotoxic effects; however, their impacts on prenatal depression remain unknown. We evaluated associations of third trimester OPE metabolites on maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy. METHODS: This study included 422 participants in the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort,

Praziquantel Reduces Maternal Mortality and Offspring Morbidity by Enhancing Anti-Helminthic Immune Responses.

Alongside the wide distribution throughout sub Saharan Africa of schistosomiasis, the morbidity associated with this chronic parasitic disease in endemic regions is often coupled with infection-driven immunomodulatory processes which modify inflammatory responses. Early life parasite exposure is theorized to drive immune tolerance towards cognate infection as well as bystander immune responses, beginning with in utero exposure to maternal infection. Considering that 40 million women of childbearing-age are at risk of infection worldwide, treatment with Praziquantel during pregnancy as currentl