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Primary choroidal lymphoma with extrascleral extension and bone marrow involvement: a case report.

Primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) of the choroid is a rare condition with a handful of cases reported in the literature. Here, we report a challenging case of primary EMZL of the choroid with extrascleral extension and bone marrow involvement. An 86-year-old male presented with 2 years of progressive vision loss in his left eye. Fundus examination revealed yellow-white subretinal infiltrates at the posterior pole. Ultrasonography detected diffuse choroidal thickening with retrobulbar hypoechoic mass. One year later, an inferior exudative retinal detachment developed. Ultr

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… Several ophthalmic conditions can mimic choroidal lymphoma, including amelanotic choroidal melanoma, posterior scleritis, choroidal metastases, and uveitis—making early diagnosis particularly challenging ( 3 , 19 , 20 ). …

Ocular effects caused by viral infections and corresponding vaccines: An overview of varicella zoster virus, measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2.

Many viral infections can affect vision and the visual system. Vaccination to prevent diseases is commonplace today, acting by stimulating an immune response without developing the pathology. It involves the production of persisting antibodies against the pathogen and the activation of T cells. Certain diseases have already been eradicated by rigorous vaccination campaigns, while others are hoped to be eliminated soon. Vaccines currently available on the market are largely safe, even if they can rarely cause some adverse effects, such as ocular complications. Analyzing existing literature, we

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… Other manifestations of HZO are scleritis and episcleritis ( 13 , 15 , 23 ), anterior uveitis ( 13 , 14 , 16 , 24 ), cataracts ( 10 ) and iris damage with sectoral atrophy ( 13 , 14 ). … , lagophthalmos, conjunctivitis, superimposed infections, symblepharon, mechanical entropion, corneal surface epithelial keratitis, MPK, disciform keratitis, endothelitis, neurotrophic keratitis, exposure keratitis, corneal ulceration, corneal perforation, corneal scars, corneal neovascularization, scleritis …

Nocardia Infection Presented as Intramuscular Abscess in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Nocardia is a gram-positive bacterium capable of causing both local and systemic infections, typically in immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical presentation is pulmonary infection. Muscle abscess due to Nocardia infection without disseminated nocardiosis is rare. CASE REPORT: In this report, we describe the case of a 67-year-old male kidney transplant recipient who developed a swelling of the right biceps muscle. CT imaging showed an intramuscular abscess, which was subsequently surgically drained. The drained fluid grew Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis, which was resist

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… Nocardial Scleritis: A Case Report and a Suggested Algorithm for Disease Management Based on a Literature Review. American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports . 2018;10:1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.01.018. 17. Mwandia G., Polenakovik H. Nocardia spp. …

A practical approach to joint pain in primary care.

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… sign, heliotrope rash, V-sign, shawl sign (IIM) • Sclerodactyly, microstomia, telangiectasia, calcinosis, digital pitting (SSc) • Periungual erythema (CTD) • Visible dilated nailfold capillaries (CTD, SSc, IIM) • Palpable purpura, nailfold infarcts (AAV) Head/face | • Anterior uveitis (SpA, AS) • Scleritis …

A Continuous Registry of Medical Record, Patient Input, and Epidemiological Data of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: a Multicentre, Prospective, Observational Clinical Registry Study in Japan.

BackgroundThis registry aims to allow for a prospective non-interventional observational study of ulcerative colitis. This will facilitate monitoring of the current state of ulcerative colitis in Japan and improving the long-term disease course and adverse events associated with current treatment options.MethodsInclusion of patients from five centres in Japan is planned. The study is expected to take place from July 15, 2020, to November 30, 2024. Background, demographics, and medical history/information will be collected from electronic medical records at enrolment. Medical information includ

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… , leukocyte apheresis (including granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis). c Includes peripheral joint involvement, spondyloarthritis (including ankylosing spondylitis and sacroiliitis), involvement of the skin (erythema nodosum, pyoderma grangrinosum, other), involvement of the eyes (iritis, scleritis …

An Italian cartography of VEXAS-related thrombosis.

Thrombotic events (TEs) occur in up to 40% of patients with vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, and somatic (VEXAS) syndrome, but data on its clinical-genomics features and anticoagulation strategies are limited. To gain more insight into this, we conducted a two-step study evaluating the prevalence and outcome of TE in VEXAS. First, among 1086 patients followed for TEs, 198 were men aged >40 years with unprovoked thrombosis and no known thrombophilia; 21 also had at least one VEXAS-compatible feature and underwent UBA1 exon 3 testing. No UBA1 mutation was detected in these 21 pat

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… Other recurrent clinical manifestations included polychondritis, arthritis, and scleritis. …

Development and implementation of the International AIDA Network Castleman's disease registry.

Castleman's disease (CD) consists of a wide spectrum of rare disorders classified into unicentric CD and multicentric CD (MCD), based on the diffusion of disease distribution and the severity of clinical manifestations. While unicentric CD is characterized by a single lymph node involvement, MCD is defined by multiple lymph node station involvement with more prominent systemic symptoms. MCD is further subdivided into HHV-8 associated MCD, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, skin changes (POEMS)-associated MCD, and idiopathic MCD (iMCD), which is also

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… Development and implementation of the AIDA international registry for patients with non-infectious scleritis. Ophthalmol Ther. (2022) 11:887–97. doi: 10.1007/s40123-022-00466-2, PMID: 10. Casa FD, Vitale A, Guerriero S, Sota J, Cimaz R, Ragab G, et al. …

The epidemiology of herpes zoster and its complications in Medicare cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Literature on the epidemiology of herpes zoster (HZ) in cancer patients is sparse and does not include the elderly. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of HZ and related complications in elderly cancer patients and assess risk factors associated with HZ. METHODS: Patients ≥65 years diagnosed with cancer in 1991-2007 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry-Medicare linked database in this retrospective, longitudinal, open cohort study. The observation period spanned from first cancer diagnosis until the en

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… ) | 641 | 13,786 | 1.1 | 39.0 (35.8-42.4) Mydriasis | <11 | 1,777 | <0.2 | 0.6 (0.1-4.0) | <11 | 13,975 | <0.1 | 0.1 (0.0-0.5) Panopthalmitis | <11 | 1,777 | <0.2 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | <11 | 13,975 | <0.1 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) Ptosis | 16 | 1,771 | 0.2 | 9.0 (5.5-14.7) | 184 | 13,928 | 0.3 | 12.3 (10.6-14.3) Scleritis …

Ocular toxicity associated with antibody-drug conjugates in cancer therapy: a comprehensive review.

Ocular toxicity from anti-cancer drugs is frequently overlooked, largely because it is non-life-threatening, whereas clinical priorities often center on adverse events that pose immediate risks to survival. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as an important therapeutic modality in oncology, offering potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells through the targeted delivery of payloads. However, this potency also introduces a spectrum of toxicities, among which ocular toxicity has gained increasing attention. ADC-induced ocular toxicity can impair visual function and significantly compromi

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… keratitis, conjunctival ulcer, blurred vision, vital dye staining cornea present, conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival scar, corneal irritation, corneal thinning, erythema of eyelid, eye irritation, eye nevus, meibomianitis, punctate keratitis, trichiasis, visual acuity reduced, conjunctivitis allergic, scleritis … Conjunctivitis occurred in 17.6%, conjunctivitis allergic in 5.9%, scleritis in 5.9%, hordeolum in 5.9%, and blurred vision in 5.9%. All ocular AEs were grade 1 or 2, with no grade 3 or higher AEs reported. …

Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection and Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine-Related Ocular Complications.

The varicella-zoster virus is a human herpesvirus that causes varicella as the primary infection and HZ as the reactivation of a latent infection. Ten to twenty percent of cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) involve the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve. Any area of the eye may be affected by the condition. HZ has a lifetime risk of more than 30%. Complications from herpes zoster can significantly lower quality of life. The goal of HZ vaccinations is to stop HZ activation and PHN formation. Despite the uncommon possibility of side effects such as eye problems, the majority of

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… Scleritis and episcleritis [ 27 , 34 , 35 ], cataracts [ 29 ], anterior uveitis [ 27 , 28 , 32 , 36 ], and iris degeneration with sectoral atrophy [ 27 , 28 ] are further signs of HZO. …

Frequency of Topical Immunomodulatory and Immunosuppressive Therapies for Ocular Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of topical immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies in patients with ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in consideration of inflammatory activity and systemic immunosuppressive therapies in a tertiary care university hospital setting. Methods: We included 95 adult patients (48 male, 47 female) with ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after alloHSCT (median age 49.5 years). Clinical ophthalmological findings and the grade of ocular cGVHD according to the NIH eye score and the German-Austrian-

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… Others (e.g., scleritis) Inflammatory activity (e.g., redness of the lid margins, hyperemia of the conjunctiva) a. No inflammation b. Mild inflammation c. Moderate inflammation: d. Severe inflammation Presence of sight-threatening complications/functional impairment: a. …

Xanthoma-like Skin Changes in an Elderly Woman with a Normal Lipid Profile.

Dear Editor, An 83-year-old woman developed yellow-brownish infiltrates, nodules, and tumors mimicking xanthomas, mostly involving the perio … ven pain (4,5). Periorbital skin lesions are often accompanied by ophthalmic manifestations, mainly scleritis, choroiditis, or conjunctivitis (3), and with complications such as blepharoptosis, restricted ocular motility, and proptosis (4,5). Extracutaneous lesions are most commonly seen in the respiratory tract, including the lungs and larynx, followed by …

The Risk of Sarcoidosis Misdiagnosis and the Harmful Effect of Corticosteroids When the Disease Picture Is Incomplete.

Sarcoidosis is a complex granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Due to the heterogeneity of the disease, the diagnosis remains challenging in many cases, often at the physician's discretion, requiring a thorough and complex investigation. Many other granulomatous diseases have the potential to mimic sarcoidosis, whether infectious, occupational, or autoimmune diseases and starting an unnecessary corticosteroid treatment can worsen the patient's prognosis, leading to side effects that can be harder to treat than the actual disease.

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… Fatigue, Concentration Disturbances, Night Sweats Thoracic manifestations Over 90% of cases | Cough, chronic dyspnoea, chest pain, wheezing Bilateral hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy Pulmonary infiltrates Ocular involvement 10–25% of cases | Anterior or posterior uveitis, conjunctivitis, sicca syndrome, scleritis …

Bisphosphonate Use in Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Focused Systematic Review on Zoledronic Acid.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant bone loss as a long-term complication, increasing fracture risk and healthcare costs. Bisphosphonates are widely studied for mitigating bone loss since they can prevent fractures and preserve rehabilitation potential in acute SCI patients. Zoledronic acid, in particular, stands out due to its high potency, dosing convenience, and better patient adherence. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of bisphosphonates, particularly zoledronic acid, in mitigating bone loss in acute SCI. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting

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… Ocular inflammation, such as uveitis, conjunctivitis, and scleritis, has rarely been reported in both oral and intravenous bisphosphonates [ 33 ]. Osteonecrosis of the jaw, atrial fibrillation, and bone turnover suppression are well-known long-term side effects of bisphosphonates [ 28 ]. …

Ocular complications of antineoplastic therapies.

Ocular complications of antineoplastic agents can have a profound effect on the quality of life of cancer patients. New oncologic treatments like monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates, checkpoint inhibitors and growth factor receptors have resulted in increased ocular complications. These ocular complications differs in respect to distinct mechanisms of actions and lead to significant challenges in the management of cancer patients. In this review, we reviewed literature, clinical studies and cases detailing ocular complications due to administration of antineoplasti

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… 100 , 101 ] MEK inhibitor | Binimetinib | Retinal pigment epithelial detachment | [ 102 ] Selumetinib | Subconjunctival hemorrhage, eyelid edema, diplopia, blurred vision | [ 103 ] Cobimetinib | Subfoveal neurosensory retinal detachment | [ 103 ] Checkpoint inhibitor | Ipilimumab | Conjunctivitis, scleritis …

Терапевтическое применение иммунобиологии в аутоиммунных и воспаленных заболеваниях.

Иммунобиологика или биологическая экспертиза революционизировали терапевтическую парадигму аутоиммунных и подстрекательских заболеваний путем выборочного целеопределения и модуляции дисрегулированных иммунных путей. По сравнению с обычными широкоспектральными иммунопрепрессантами биологика обеспечивает более конкретный и основанный на механизмах рациональный подход, зачастую связанный с повышением эффективности и сокращением неблагоприятных явлений. В этом обзоре содержится всеобъемлющий обзор репертуара терапевтической биологики, механизмов их действий, важнейших клинических испытаний и клини

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… In Takayasu arteritis (TAK), adalimumab controlled refractory scleritis, a rare ocular manifestation of this large-vessel granulomatous vasculitis affecting the aorta, its major branches, and the pulmonary arteries [ 133 ]. …

Диабет мелитус в множестве миэломы и связанных с ним расстройства плазменных клеток: обзор риска, прогноза и результатов.

Существует четкая связь между типом 2 сахарный диабет и общий риск заболевания раком. Однако исследования, посвященные оценке типа 2 Риск ДМ и множественной миэломы (ММ) ограничен, и связь менее ясна. Понимание воздействия давнишнего типа 2 Важнейшее значение имеет DM о системах органов и симптоматологии у пациентов с последующим диагнозом MM, а также потенциальные перекликающиеся токсичные вещества, связанные с лечением MM. В настоящем обзоре резюмируется роль вида 2 ДМ о рисках и результатах ММ и изучает различные механизмы, лежащие в основе этих ассоциаций. Более глубокое понимание этой асс

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… Ophthalmic Complications Although rare, ophthalmic manifestations of MM are diverse, ranging from proptosis, diplopia, scleritis, episcleritis, secondary glaucoma, uveal plasmacytoma, hyperviscosity leading to retinal vessel dilation, retinopathy, macular detachment, and macular edema [ 39 ]. …

Herpes Zoster and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Associations and Preventive Measures through Vaccination.

Herpes zoster, induced by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is a unilaterally distributed vesicular rash that can cause multiple complications. VZV not only causes neurological problems, including postherpetic neuralgia and ocular zoster, but also causes inflammatory vasculopathy and increases the incidence of hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Therefore, understanding the association between the development of herpes zoster and the subsequent occurrence of acute stroke or cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, is of great interest.

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… Concurrently, herpes zoster keratitis may manifest alongside other eye conditions, including blepharitis, conjunctivitis, scleritis, uveitis, and retinopathy [ 54 ]. …

Drug-Induced Periocular and Ocular Surface Disorders: An EAACI Position Paper.

Various systemic and topical medications can induce ocular and periocular cutaneous adverse effects (AEs), ranging from mild to severe. These AEs may lead to ocular surface (OS) damage and, in some cases, life-threatening complications. Drug-induced ocular adverse reactions are generally classified into two primary categories: toxic reactions and/or allergic hypersensitivity reactions, which can be IgE or non-IgE-mediated. Systemic antibiotics, antivirals, and anticonvulsants can trigger adverse reactions that may involve the OS. Drugs like antihistamines, beta-blockers, antipsychotics, antide

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… L., “Ocular Complications and Mortality in Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis and Necrotising Scleritis: The Role of Systemic Immunosuppression,” Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 48, no. 4 (2020): 434–441. 55. Cohen F., Gabison E. …

Ocular adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates for cancer: evidence and management strategies.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a fast-growing class of cancer drugs designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads through antibody binding to cancer cells with high expression of the target antigen, thus reducing systemic exposure and minimizing off-target effects. However, ADCs are associated with various ocular adverse events (AEs) that may impact treatment administration and patient outcomes. In this review, we provide a summary of ocular AEs associated with approved and investigational ADCs, recommendations for the mitigation and management of ocular AEs, current guidelines and e

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… , steroid eye drops (before the start of the infusion and for the first 3 days of each treatment cycle), a local ocular vasoconstrictor (before infusion), and eye cooling pads (during infusion) | 2.0 mg/kg Q3W ( n = 17) | Conjunctivitis: 17.6% (grades 1-2) Allergic conjunctivitis: 5.9% (grades 1-2) Scleritis …