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Воздействие витамина D на герпесвирусные инфекции.

Помимо своей классической роли в регулировании метаболизма кальция и фосфата, витамин D также оказывает значительное влияние на модуляцию иммунитета. Витамин D регулирует иммунную реакцию, переходя от воспламенительного состояния к более толерогенному one путем увеличения выброса антивоспалительных цитокинов при одновременном ослаблении регулирования проинфламаторных цитокинов. Таким образом, низкий уровень витамина D связан с повышенным риском возникновения аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких, как множественный склероз и тип 1 диабет. Кроме того, этот прохормон также способствует высвобождению хо

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… Studies in the Human Population A prospective clinical trial performed in Zimbabwe found no association between HHV-8 viral load and vitamin D serum levels in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma [ 114 ]. …

Scientific Advancements in Gene Therapies: Opportunities for Global Regulatory Convergence.

On 4 September 2024, the Reagan-Udall Foundation for the FDA (FDA Foundation) in collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Gates Foundation hosted a workshop titled "Scientific Advancements in Gene Therapies: Opportunities for Global Regulatory Convergence". The event brought together a diverse group of experts, including international regulatory bodies, regulated industries, healthcare professionals, patients, academic researchers and global health advocates, to discuss the rapid advancements in gene therapy and the pressing need for equitable access in low-and middle-

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… Only six African nations—Egypt, South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zimbabwe—meet the WHO’s Maturity Level 3 (ML3) benchmark for regulatory capacity. …

Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories.

BACKGROUND: Understanding potential trajectories in health and drivers of health is crucial to guiding long-term investments and policy impl … e expectancy of 80 years by 2040. At the same time, Central African Republic, Lesotho, Somalia, and Zimbabwe had projected life expectancies below 65 years in 2040, indicating global disparities in survival are likely to persist if current trends hold. Forecasted YLLs showed a rising toll from several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), partly driven by popu …

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 20

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… Since 2005, 121 countries and territories had significant increases in HALE at birth for men and 139 for women, led in both cases by Zimbabwe, whereas HALE at birth worsened for two countries (Syria and Libya) driven mainly by decreases in life expectancy ( table 2 ). … Notably, NCDs such as diabetes ranked among the leading ten causes of DALYs for a subset of countries in sub-Saharan Africa (eg, South Africa), whereas nutritional deficiencies also remained among leading causes of burden in others (eg, Ghana and Zimbabwe); in both instances, observed DALYs generally …

Global, regional and national epidemiological trends of multiple myeloma from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a growing global public health challenge. Known epidemiological data suggest that MM accounts for approximately 10% of all hematologic malignancies and remains the second most common hematologic cancer worldwide. This study utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors of MM from 1990 to 2021, and to project future trends for the next 15 years.MethodsGBD 2021 data were analyzed to assess MM's global burden using four key

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… Commonwealth of the Bahamas [117.52/100,000 (95%UI 94.29/100,000–145.13/100,000)], Principality of Monaco [93.34/100,000 (95%UI 47.42/100,000–150.07/100,000)], and Zimbabwe [88.68/100,000 (95%UI 48.75/100,000–126.74/100,000)] had the highest MM ASDR. …

Global, regional, and national burden of 34 cancer groups across 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

IntroductionDetailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on cancer incidence, mortality, and associated burdens is essential for understanding the evolving trends of this complex disease. This study aims to evaluate the burdens of 34 types of cancer across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, incorporating the latest epidemiological data to provide a framework for policy discussions, resource allocation, and research prioritization.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we analyzed 34 cancer types across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021, stratifying b

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… ASDRs were most severe in Mongolia (5526.0) and Zimbabwe (5381.8), while the lowest were found in Oman (1095.5) and Maldives (1146.9). …

A global, regional, and national survey on burden and Quality of Care Index (QCI) of hematologic malignancies; global burden of disease systematic analysis 1990-2017.

BackgroundHematologic malignancies (HMs) are a heterogeneous group of cancers that comprise diverse subgroups of neoplasms. So far, despite the major epidemiologic concerns about the quality of care, limited data are available for patients with HMs. Thus, we created a novel measure-Quality of Care Index (QCI)-to appraise the quality of care in different populations.MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2017 applied in our study. We performed a principal component analysis on several secondary indices from the major primary indices, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, ye

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… Since the GDR of Fiji, Zimbabwe, and Swaziland were classified as outliers, we removed them from further analyses. By SDI regions, GDR ranges from 0.9 to 1.1 in high SDI regions, indicating equal care between two sexes. We also see the highest ASIR and ASDR in men compared with women. …

Temporal Trends in Cancer Burden and 27 Subtypes Among Women of Childbearing Age Globally from 1990 to 2021.

BackgroundCancer among women of childbearing age (WCBA, 15-49 years) has distinct clinical and public health implications. Using modeled estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, we assessed temporal and spatial patterns of total cancer and 27 cancer subtypes among WCBA from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe extracted incidence and mortality estimates for WCBA globally, across five socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were calculated. Temporal tren

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… The United States of America had the highest estimated ASIR, while Zimbabwe had the highest estimated ASMR. Temporal trends also differed markedly across countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. …

How many diseases is triple negative breast cancer: the protagonism of the immune microenvironment.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer (BC) that does not express the oestrogen and the progesterone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). Since there are no positive markers to reliably classify TNBC, these tumours are not yet treated with targeted therapies. Perhaps for this reason they are the most aggressive form of breast carcinomas. However, the clinical observation that these patients do not carry a uniformly dismal prognosis, coupled with data coming from pathology and epidemiology, suggests that this negative definition is not

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… Muguti GI Experience with breast cancer in Zimbabwe . J R Coll Surg Edinb 1993 ; 38 : 75 – 8 . 8478837 23. Yin WJ , Lu JS , Di GH , et al Clinicopathological features of the triple-negative tumors in Chinese breast cancer patients . …

A multicountry ecological study of cancer incidence rates in 2008 with respect to various risk-modifying factors.

Observational and ecological studies are generally used to determine the presence of effect of cancer risk-modifying factors. Researchers generally agree that environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and low serum 25-hdyroxyvitamin D levels are important cancer risk factors. This ecological study used age-adjusted incidence rates for 21 cancers for 157 countries (87 with high-quality data) in 2008 with respect to dietary supply and other factors, including per capita gross domestic product, life expectancy, lung cancer incidence rate (an

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… Martinique, Mauritania, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Reunion, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leon, Solomon Islands, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, United Arab Republic, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe …

COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network.

Patients with multiple myeloma frequently present with substantial immune impairment and an increased risk for infections and infection-related mortality. The risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus and resulting mortality is also increased, emphasising the importance of protecting patients by vaccination. Available data in patients with multiple myeloma suggest a suboptimal anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response, meaning a proportion of patients are unprotected. Factors associated with poor response are uncontrolled disease, immunosuppression, concomitant therapy, more lines of therapy, and CD38 an

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… 14 days apart | 83·5% at 14 days or more after dose two 20 | China, Brazil, Columbia, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay, Turkey, Indonesia, and Azerbaijan BBIBP-CorV | Sinopharm 1/2 (China) | Inactivated virus | Two doses 21 days apart | 78·1% or more after dose two 21 | China, UAE, Bahrain, Serbia, Peru, and Zimbabwe …

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Immunocompromised Patients.

The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major problem in terms of therapeutic options, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as patients from intensive care units (ICUs), HIV-positive patients, patients with malignancies or transplant patients. Commensal bacteria, especially anaerobes, serve to maintain microbial stability by preventing overpopulation with pathogenic bacteria. In immunocompromised patients, microbiota imbalance caused by antibiotic therapy and decreased host immunity favors intestinal overpopulation with pathogenic species, leading to increa

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… Carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in HIV-infected children in Zimbabwe. J. Med. Microbiol. 2017;66:609–615. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000474. 43. …

A scoping review of biopsychosocial risk factors and co-morbidities for common spinal disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to identify risk factors, prognostic factors, and comorbidities associated with common spinal disorders. METHODS: A scoping review of the literature of common spinal disorders was performed through September 2016. To identify search terms, we developed 3 terminology groups for case definitions: 1) spinal pain of unknown origin, 2) spinal syndromes, and 3) spinal pathology. We used a comprehensive strategy to search PubMed for meta-analyses and systematic reviews of case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials for risk and pro

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… For example, data on traumatic spinal cord injury are only available for 3 (Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) of more than 4 dozen countries in the African region [ 103 ]. …

Global cancer statistics 2024: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 34 cancers in 186 countries.

This article provides updated global cancer statistics for the year 2024 based on the GLOBOCAN estimates of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The authors describe national cancer incidence and mortality by world region and the Human Development Index and predict the burden in 2050 based on demographic trends. In 2024, an estimated 20.6 million new cancer cases (19.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.8 million deaths (9.7 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred worldwide, equivalent to one in five people developing cancer during their lifetime and one i

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… suggests that overdiagnosis is likely a major driver of the sharp increases in thyroid cancer incidence among younger populations since the early 2000s. 172 Overall, an estimated 76% of thyroid cancer cases diagnosed during 2013–2017 were attributed to overdiagnosis, ranging from none (e.g., Uganda, Zimbabwe …

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with e

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

BACKGROUND: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill

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… (68·6–70·6) | 61·5 (60·8–62·1) | 62·8 (62·0–63·6) | 58·4 (55·7–60·9) | 59·3 (56·3–61·9) | 53·5 (51·3–55·5) | 54·7 (52·5–56·8) Swaziland (eSwatini) | 66·5 (64·9–68·2) | 65·1 (62·1–68·4) | 57·9 (56·1–59·7) | 54·9 (52·6–57·6) | 56·7 (53·9–59·6) | 55·1 (51·5–58·5) | 50·7 (48·4–53·0) | 47·8 (45·1–50·4) Zimbabwe … –19·1) | 18·3 (18·1–18·4) | 15·7 (15·4–15·9) | 14·6 (14·5–14·8) | 13·3 (12–14·6) | 13·0 (11·7–14·2) | 11·3 (10·2–12·4) | 10·5 (9·4–11·5) Swaziland (eSwatini | 14·0 (13·1–15·0) | 15·1 (13·2–17·2) | 10·9 (10·3–11·5) | 10·8 (10·1–11·8) | 9·9 (8·7–11·1) | 10·6 (8·9–12·3) | 7·8 (6·9–8·6) | 7·6 (6·6–8·5) Zimbabwe …

Respiratory and Thoracic Medicine

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Integumentary System

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Резюме, представленные на 32nd Ежегодная конференция Международного общества по изучению качества жизни.

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… Measures in Africa: A systematic scoping review Begashaw Gebresillasie 1 , Lucky Gift Ngwira 2 , Jermaine Dambi 3 , Adeladlew Netere 4 , Eyayew Belashew 1 1 University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2 Health Economics and Policy Unit, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi, 3 University of Zimbabwe … , Harare, Zimbabwe, 4 Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes 2026 , 10(Suppl 1) :101.4 Aims Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important measure in healthcare that captures the multidimensional effects of health on individuals’ lives. …

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years