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Молекулярная динамическая симуляция диких и мутантных протеиновых субъектов бета-белка типа 8 (PSMB8): Последствия для восстановления воспаления в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиэлите патогенез.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное и хроническое заболевание мозга и спинного мозга. В НР наблюдается подстрекательский прогресс, характеризующийся своими отличительными подстрекательскими знаками. Гистологические и клинические характеристики MS разделяются экспериментальным аутоиммунным энцефаломелитом (EAE). Генетические и экологические факторы способствуют развитию НР. В болезни EAE-MS уровень протеазонного компонента бета-типа 8 (PSMB8), закодированного геном PSMB8, увеличивается и регулирует подстрекательскую реакцию в этой болезни. У людей синдром Накахо-Нишимура вызван мутации в

Dermatological manifestations of hematologic neoplasms. Part II: nonspecific skin lesions/paraneoplastic diseases.

Cutaneous manifestations occur in the course of hematologic malignancies and precede, accompany or occur late in relation to the diagnosis. They result from paraneoplastic phenomena, tumor infiltrations, immunosuppression resulting from the hematologic disease itself or its treatment. The dermatologist must be aware of these conditions that may be helpful both in the diagnosis of the underlying disease and in reducing patient morbidity. This review (part II) addresses the paraneoplastic dermatological changes associated with systemic hematologic malignancies.

Экстракорпоральное обнаружение биомаркеров и патогенов в слюне: всеобъемлющий, панорамный обзор.

Человеческая слюна представляет собой разнородную жидкость с сложным составом, которая содержит антитела, белки и вирусы, что делает ее применимой в клинической диагностике. Анализ проб слюны имеет несколько преимуществ по сравнению с другими биофильтрами, включая неинвазивную и простую процедуру сбора для эксторального обнаружения. Диагностика биомаркеров или патогенов в слюне может осуществляться различными методами: масс-спектрометрией, ПЦР, ЭЛИСА, электрохимическими и оптическими методами, такими, как флуоресцентная, SPR и SERS. Раннее обнаружение раковых и других биомаркеров заболеваний,

Novel Treatments in Myasthenia Gravis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the prototypical autoimmune disorder caused by specific autoantibodies at the neuromuscular junction. Broad-based immunotherapies, such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine, have been effective in controlling symptoms of myasthenia. While being effective in a majority of MG patients many of these immunosuppressive agents are associated with long-term side effects, often intolerable for patients, and take several months to be effective. With advances in translational research and drug development capabilities, more directed ther

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… However, some of these same actions and other factors such as increased blood viscosity, rapid exposure to high foreign protein load and rapid intravenous volume expansion lead to the frequent adverse effects of IVIG ranging from 2.5 to 87.5% with repeated infusions ( 111 ). …

Managing fatigue in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: challenges and solutions.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients identify fatigue as their most important symptom and the one most difficult to cope with, but there are still many challenges and few solutions to manage this debilitating symptom. Promising pharmacological treatments, such as rituximab, have failed in more stringent tests including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analysis. While non-pharmacological interventions may be safer, less costly, and address other common comorbidities, to date only aerobic exercise seems to be effective at reducing fatigue in pSS. All interventions, pharmacologic

Involvement of multiple myeloma cell-derived exosomes in osteoclast differentiation.

Bone disease is the most frequent complication in multiple myeloma (MM) resulting in osteolytic lesions, bone pain, hypercalcemia and renal failure. In MM bone disease the perfect balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs) activity is lost in favour of OCs, thus resulting in skeletal disorders. Since exosomes have been described for their functional role in cancer progression, we here investigate whether MM cell-derived exosomes may be involved in OCs differentiation. We show that MM cells produce exosomes which are actively internalized by Raw264.7 cel

Complications of vertebral augmentation in metastatic spinal fractures: a systematic review of multiple study designs.

BACKGROUND: Vertebral augmentation techniques, including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, are widely used to relieve pain and restore spinal stability in patients with metastatic vertebral lesions. Despite their widespread use, the full spectrum and clinical significance of procedure-related complications remain incompletely characterised. This systematic review aims to summarise and characterise all reported complications associated with vertebral augmentation for metastatic thoracolumbar disease. METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was perf

Repurposing drugs for highly prevalent diseases: pentoxifylline, an old drug and a new opportunity for diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes and constitutes a major cause of end-stage kidney disease. The prevalence of diabetic kidney disease continues to increase as a result of the growing epidemic of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, there is mounting urgency to design and optimize novel strategies and drugs that delay the progression of this pathology and contain this trend. The new approaches should go beyond the current therapy focussed on the control of traditional risk factors such as hyperglycaemia and hypertension. In this scenario, d

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… This drug decreases blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte rigidity and platelet aggregation. The improvement in red blood cell flexibility and deformability leads to an improved blood flow [ 89 , 90 ]. …

Pathogenesis and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome: Review and update.

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease accompanied by multiple lesions. The main manifestations include dryness of the mouth and eyes, along with systemic complications (e.g., pulmonary disease, kidney injury, and lymphoma). In this review, we highlight that IFNs, Th17 cell-related cytokines (IL-17 and IL-23), and B cell-related cytokines (TNF and BAFF) are crucial for the pathogenesis of SS. We also summarize the advances in experimental treatment strategies, including targeting Treg/Th17, mesenchymal stem cell treatment, targeting BAFF, inhibiting JAK pathway, et al. Similar

Piperine: From Green Extraction to Clinical Translation-A Review.

BACKGROUND: Piperine has diverse pharmacological and bioenhancing activities, but poor aqueous solubility, variable exposure, interaction liability, and discontinuity across production, formulation, and clinical evaluation limit translation. This review integrates these frequently separated stages. METHODS: A structured narrative PubMed search covered English-language studies published from 1 January 2021 to 27 April 2026, supplemented by ClinicalTrials.gov records checked through 13 June 2026, backward citation searching, and selected earlier seminal studies. Evidence was synthesized by expe

Ocular Manifestations Associated with Hematologic Malignancies: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management.

Background: Hematologic malignancies (HMs), including leukemia and lymphoma, are systemic diseases that may cause a wide range of ocular manifestations. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE (2015-2026) and identified articles with an emphasis on clinically relevant studies and recent developments. Results: Clinically, ocular involvement presents with diverse manifestations, including retinal hemorrhage, vitreoretinal lymphoma, choroidal infiltration, orbital masses, treatment-related ocular toxicities, graft-versus-host disease, and secondary infectious complications. These findings may mimic o

Фармакомикробиомика: От взаимодействия хост-микробиома-наркотики к клиническому переводу в докторскую медицину.

Заметная межиндивидуальная изменчивость реакции на наркотики по-прежнему является серьезной проблемой в области клинической фармакологии и не может быть в полной мере объяснена только генетикой принимающей страны. Растущие данные свидетельствуют о том, что кишечная микробиота является дополнительным фактором, определяющим эффективность и токсичность наркотиков посредством двустороннего взаимодействия с фармакологической терапией. Это признание привело к появлению фармакомикробиомики - области, которая изучает, как микробные сообщества влияют на утилизацию наркотиков и реагирование на них, и ка

Как готовить пациентов, получающих антирезортивную терапию, к извлечению зубов: обзор.

Бифосфонаты (БП) и Деносумаб (ДМБ) являются антирепрессивными агентами (АА), обычно используемыми для лечения остеопороза, множественной миеломы (8,0%), рака груди (3,3%), рака простаты (2,9 процента) и других магнелез (0,7 процента), метастаза кости и гиперкальцемии, вызванной раком. Однако эта терапия связана со значительным риском связанного с лекарствами остеонекроза челюсти (MRONJ), особенно после выведения зубов. Цель этого описательного обзора заключалась в обобщении текущих данных о мерах, направленных на снижение риска ДРОНЖ после извлечения зубов, и в критическом обсуждении достоверн

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… It lowers blood viscosity, improves microcirculation and tissue perfusion [ 51 ]. Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol/vitamin E) antioxidant was previously applied in osteoradionecrosis treatment. It modulates the expression of genes and partially inhibits transformation of the growth factor-beta1 [ 52 ]. …

Functionalized Folic Acid-Conjugated Amphiphilic Alternating Copolymer Actively Targets 3D Multicellular Tumour Spheroids and Delivers the Hydrophobic Drug to the Inner Core.

Engineering of a "smart" drug delivery system to specifically target tumour cells has been at the forefront of cancer research, having been engineered for safer, more efficient and effective use of chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. However, selective targeting and choosing the right cancer surface biomarker are critical for a targeted treatment to work. Currently, the available delivery systems use a two-dimensional monolayer of cancer cells to test the efficacy of the drug delivery system, but designing a "smart" drug delivery system to be specific for a tumour in vivo and to penetrat

Imaging for Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: What, When, and How?

Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis, response assessment, and follow-up of patients with plasma cell bone disease. The radiologic diagnostic paradigm has thus far evolved with developing technology and availability of better imaging platforms; however, the skewed availability of these imaging modalities in developed vis-à-vis the developing countries along with the lack of uniformity in reporting has led to a consensus on the imaging criteria for diagnosing and response assessment in plasma cell dyscrasia. Therefore, it is imperative for not only the radiologists but also the treating

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… Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia It is a chronic, indolent monoclonal gammopathy with multiple features including anemia, high blood viscosity, lymphadenopathy, increased serum globulins, and bone marrow infiltration by lymphocytoid cells ( 94 ). …

Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy to Improve Cerebrovascular Function and Cognition in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer globally. While the breast cancer prevalence continues to rise, so too do patient survival rates, thus resulting in a large survivor population. Up to 75% of this population report experiencing cancer-related cognitive impairment during their cancer journey, thus reducing their quality of survivorship. This review systematically evaluates the effect of physical activity and exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in breast cancer survivors. Cross-sectional, intervention or observational studies that examined the effect of acute or

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… The CBF can be determined through the blood viscosity, the extent of vasodilation and the cerebral perfusion pressure and is regulated by autoregulation (macrovascular function) or neurovascular coupling (microvascular function) [ 16 ]. …

The Saudi Consensus for the Management of Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism: A Modified Delphi-Based Study.

Background Cancer is a well-known risk factor of preventable thromboembolic disease. This study aims to provide guidance on the prevention and management of cancer-associated thrombosis (CT) that tailors prophylactic and therapeutic options for medical and surgical oncology patients presenting to health care settings in Saudi Arabia. Methods The present consensus was developed in concordance with the modified Delphi-based approach, which incorporates a face-to-face meeting between two voting rounds to gain experts' feedback on the proposed statements. All experts were either oncologists, hemat

Erythropoiesis: insights into pathophysiology and treatments in 2017.

Erythropoiesis is a tightly-regulated and complex process originating in the bone marrow from a multipotent stem cell and terminating in a mature, enucleated erythrocyte.Altered red cell production can result from the direct impairment of medullary erythropoiesis, as seen in the thalassemia syndromes, inherited bone marrow failure as well as in the anemia of chronic disease. Alternatively, in disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD) as well as enzymopathies and membrane defects, medullary erythropoiesis is not, or only minimally, directly impaired. Despite these differences in pathophysiolo

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… Phlebotomy and hydroxyurea remain the cornerstone of treatment with the aim to prevent cardiovascular complications via reduction of hematocrit and associated blood viscosity. …

Экстренные ситуации в гематологии: Почему, когда и как я лечусь?

Гематологические чрезвычайные ситуации являются критическими медицинскими условиями, требующими неотложного внимания в силу их быстрого развития и опасного для жизни характера. В качестве примера можно привести гиперкальцемию, которая часто ассоциируется с раком, таким как множественная миелома, что может привести к серьезной неврологической и сердечной дисфункции. Гиперлейкоцитоз, распространенный в острой миэлоидной лейкемии, повышает риск лейкостаза и многоорганического отказа. Кислородный кризис, обычное осложнение серповидноклеточной болезни, является результатом вазооккуляции, приводящей

Mesenchymal stem cells: A new therapeutic tool for chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a major impact on public health, which could progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) and consume many medical resources. Currently, the treatment for CKD has many flaws, so more effective treatment tools are urgently required for CKD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primitive cells with self-renewal and proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. Extensive preclinical and clinical data has shown that cell-based therapies using MSCs can modulate immunity, inhibit inflammatory factors, and improve renal function in CKD, suggesting that MSCs have t