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Oral State and Salivary Cortisol in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Background: MS patients experience gradual and progressive functional limitation, bulbar symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and psychiatric disorders that can impinge on oral status. This study aimed to investigate the oral state, oral hygiene habits, and salivary cortisol levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to healthy controls. It also evaluated systemic parameters: disease duration, type of Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT), disability score, professional activity, and smoking in the study group. Methods: This study included 101 patients (71 women and 3…

Personalized Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is an important neurological disease affecting millions of young patients globally. It is encouraging that more than ten disease-modifying drugs became available for use in the past two decades. These disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have different levels of efficacy, routes of administration, adverse effect profiles and concerns for pregnancy. Much knowledge and caution are needed for their appropriate use in MS patients who are heterogeneous in clinical features and severity, lesion load on magnetic resonance imaging and response to DMT. We aim for an updated review of t…

Emerging biomarkers for improving pregnancy planning in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Patient disability, relapse rate, and age are used for family planning in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the need for more accurate biomarkers is widely recognized. We aimed to explore the influence of age on neurofilament light chain (sNfL), which reflects acute inflammation; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), associated with disability progression independent of relapses; and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), reflecting ovarian reserve, to provide a tailored family planning strategy. METHODS: This case-control study included 95 MS patients and 61 healthy control women (HCW).…

Review of multiple sclerosis: Epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with demyelination, inflammation, neuronal loss, and gliosis (scarring). Our object to review MS pathophysiology causes and treatment. A Narrative Review article was conducted by searching on Google scholar, PubMed, Research Gate about relevant keywords we exclude any unique cases and case reports. The destruction of myelinated axons in the central nervous system reserves this brunt. This destruction is generated by immunogenic T cells that produce cytokines, copying a proinflammatory T helper cells1-mediated response. Autoreactive cluste…

Repurposing the multiple sclerosis drug Siponimod for osteoporosis treatment.

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder, in which an imbalance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation disrupts bone homeostasis. Osteoporosis management using anti-osteoclastic agents is a promising strategy; however, this remains an unmet need. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors (S1PRs) are essential for maintaining bone homeostasis. Here, we identified that Siponimod, a Food and Drug Administration-approved S1PR antagonist for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, shows promising therapeutic effects against osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast…

Spinal Cord Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.

Spinal cord MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders. The ANATOMICAL, pathologic, imaging and prognostic consideriations for the spinal cord for MS and the most important other demyelinating disorders, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease, are reviewed. Finally, differential diagnostic considerations of spinal cord MRI in MS and related disorders are discussed.

GWAS highlights the neuronal contribution to multiple sclerosis susceptibility.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain and spinal cord. Genetic studies have identified many risk loci, that were thought to primarily impact immune cells and microglia. Here, we performed a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study with 20,831 MS and 729,220 control participants, identifying 236 susceptibility variants outside the Major Histocompatibility Complex, including four novel loci. We derived a polygenic score for MS and, optimized for European ancestry, it is informative for African-American and Latino participants. Int…

Роль Microglial Mayhem NLRP3 Inflammasome в мультиклерозовой патологии.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: В настоящем обзоре рассматривается сложная взаимосвязь между NLR inflammasomes, в частности NLRP3, воспалением, и иммунной нейродегенеративной болезнью, множественным склерозом (MS). Хотя точная этиология MS по-прежнему остается труднодостижимой, убедительные исследования подчеркивают ключевую роль иммунной реакции в прогрессии заболеваний. В частности, проведенные в последнее время исследования свидетельствуют о значительном участии НЛП3 в различных аутоиммунных болезнях, что способствует углубленному изучению их воздействия на РС.МЕТОД: В обзоре основное внимание уделяется разъясне

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: This review delves into the intricate relationship between NLR inflammasomes, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). While the precise etiology of MS remains elusive, compelling research underscores the pivotal role of the immune response in disease progression. Notably, …

CSF synaptic biomarkers and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience various degrees of cognitive impairment (CI). Synaptic dysfunction may contribute to CI in PwMS but cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptic biomarkers are unexplored in MS. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of CSF synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), β-synuclein, neurogranin and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) in patients with early relapsing MS with and without CI. METHODS: We measured CSF SNAP-25, β-synuclein, and neurogranin in 48 untreated PwMS and 50 controls with other neurological diseases (ONDs) and tested their ass…

Множественный склероз: глиальное разнообразие клеток во времени и пространстве.

Множественный склероз (MS) — наиболее распространенное воспаление человека в центральной нервной системе с демиэлированием и глиарным шрамом в качестве патологических признаков. Глиальные клетки являются ключевыми движущими силами развития поражения в MS, которые выполняют функции как повреждения тканей, так и ремонта в зависимости от окружающей микроокружающей среды и функционального состояния отдельного глиального подтипа. В этом обзоре мы описываем последние изменения в контексте глиального разнообразия клеток в MS, резюмируя основные выводы в отношении патологических и неадаптивных функций

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent human inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with demyelination and glial scar formation as pathological hallmarks. Glial cells are key drivers of lesion progression in MS with roles in both tissue damage and repair depending on the surrounding microenvironment and the functional state of the individu…

Иммунитет Т-клеток, специфичный для EBV: значение для множественного склероза.

Генетические и экологические факторы совместно определяют подверженность развитию множественных склерозов (МС). Улучшения в разработке эпидемиологических исследований помогли выявить последовательные ассоциации экологического риска, такие, как повышенная подверженность НР после заражения вирусом Эпштейн-Барр (ЭБВ), в то время как биологические механизмы, влияющие на связь между ЕБВ и НР, по-прежнему недостаточно изучены. Увеличение и расширение репертуара антител и клеток иммунной реакции на антигены EBV, особенно на доминирующий антиген CD4+T-клеток EBV 1 (EBNA1) постоянно наблюдается у пацие

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Genetic and environmental factors jointly determine the susceptibility to develop multiple sclerosis (MS). Improvements in the design of epidemiological studies have helped to identify consistent environmental risk associations such as the increased susceptibility for MS following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, while biological mechanisms that drive the…

Напряжение в течение жизни связано с невидимыми симптомами множественного склероза.

AIM: Детские стрессовые факторы могут усиливать восприятие стресса со стороны взрослых и накапливаться в течение всей жизни для воздействия на симптомы множественного склероза (MS). Растущие данные связывают детские стрессовые факторы (например, жестокое обращение, безнадзорность) с усталостью, болью и психическим заболеванием у взрослых с НР; тем не менее в литературе в этой области отсутствует всеобъемлющий подход к продолжительности жизни. Цель этого перекрестного исследования заключалась в изучении влияния детских и взрослых стрессовых характеристик (т.е. МЕТОДЫ: В рамках Национального общ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
AIM: Childhood stressors can increase adult stress perception and may accumulate over the lifespan to impact symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence links childhood stressors (e.g., abuse, neglect) to fatigue, pain, and psychiatric morbidity in adults with MS; yet literature in this area is lacking a comprehensive lifespan approach. The aim of …

Attitudes of people with multiple sclerosis toward brain donation.

OBJECTIVE: Research directly examining brain tissue has played an important role in understanding the pathology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other diseases of the central nervous system. Such research relies heavily on donations of post-mortem brain tissue yet little is known about the attitudes of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) about brain donation. We aimed to assess the attitudes of people with MS toward brain donation, their preferences related to discussions of brain donation, and factors associated with attitudes toward brain donation including sociodemographic an…

How does neurovascular unit dysfunction contribute to multiple sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the most common non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults. Multiple sclerosis clinical care has improved considerably due to the development of disease-modifying therapies that effectively modulate the peripheral immune response and reduce relapse frequency. However, current treatments do not prevent neurodegeneration and disease progression, and efforts to prevent multiple sclerosis will be hampered so long as the cause of this disease remains unknown. Risk factors for mult…

Networks of microstructural damage predict disability in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Network-based measures are emerging MRI markers in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to identify networks of white (WM) and grey matter (GM) damage that predict disability progression and cognitive worsening using data-driven methods. METHODS: We analysed data from 1836 participants with different MS phenotypes (843 in a discovery cohort and 842 in a replication cohort). We calculated standardised T1-weighted/T2-weighted (sT1w/T2w) ratio maps in brain GM and WM, and applied spatial independent component analysis to identify networks of covarying microstructural damage. Clinical ou…

Mobile health interventions in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) might be particularly well suited to benefit from digital health applications because they are, on average, younger and less severely disabled than patients with many other chronic diseases. Many digital health applications for pwMS have been developed. OBJECTIVES: Analysis of the evidence of digital health applications to improve health outcomes from a patient perspective. METHODS: A systematic review was performed on all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have studied mobile health interventions for pwMS, that is, which can be applie…

Multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis - A series from South India.

PURPOSE: To report clinical profiles of multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated uveitis in seven cases from a single tertiary eye care center in South India. METHODS: Retrospective case series 2013-2023. RESULTS: Seven cases of MS-associated uveitis were retrieved from our databases. There were five females and two males. The diagnosis of MS was made by the neurologist in all cases. Bilaterality was seen in all cases. Intermediate uveitis was the most common presentation (five cases). It was associated with peripheral retinal vasculitis (two cases) and disc pallor (two cases). Fuchs heterochromic…

Successful epilepsy surgery in two cases with multiple sclerosis.

Brain surgery is the only curative treatment for people with focal epilepsy, but it is unclear whether this induces active disease in multiple sclerosis (MS). This creates a barrier to evaluate MS patients for epilepsy surgery. We present two cases of successful epilepsy surgery in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and stable MS and give an overview of the existing literature. (1) a 28-year-old woman with seizures arising from a right basal temporo-occipital ganglioglioma was seizure-free after surgery, without MS relapse but with one new MS lesion postsurgically. (2) a 46-year-old woma…