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Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases.

There have been magnificent advancements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of chronic diseases over the past several years, but these diseases continue to be a considerable cause of death worldwide. Most of the approved medications available for the prevention and treatment of these diseases target only a single gene/protein/pathway and are known to cause severe side effects and are less effective than they are anticipated. Consequently, the development of finer therapeutics that outshine the existing ones is far-reaching. Natural compounds have enormous applications in curbing seve

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… Another study examined the effect of OA on drug-induced memory impairment using mice treated with scopolamine or diazepam. Intriguingly, OA restored cognitive impairments in mice and prevented GABA-induced Cl − influx in a single cortical neuron. …

Epigenetic Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration: The Role of Histone Deacetylases and Emerging Inhibitor Strategies.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by complex pathologies with progressive neurodegeneration, protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and persistent inflammation. Recent findings indicate the pivotal involvement of epigenetic disruption, particularly aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, in disease initiation and progression. In the current review, we systematically discuss the mechanistic function of HDACs across all classes (I, IIa, IIb, III, and IV) in neurodegenerative disease mechanis

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… It reversed Aβ 1–42 -induced toxicity and reduced ROS in PC12 cells, exhibited excellent BBB permeability, and, in a scopolamine-induced AD mouse model, improved cognitive function in the Morris water maze, outperforming the reference MAO-B inhibitor pargyline. … In vivo, compound 18 was safe in acute toxicity tests and improved cognitive performance in scopolamine-induced AD mice (Morris Water Maze, Y-maze, novel object recognition), with effects comparable to donepezil and superior to single-target inhibition, highlighting its potential as a dual-acting neuroprotective …

Политика и перспективы в отношении амбулаторных программ для аутологической трансплантации клеток и лечения иммуноэффективных клеток.

Высокодозированная химиотерапия с автоматической трансплантацией гематопоиетических клеток (AutoHCT) давно является комплексной формой лечения множественной миеломы и неходгкинской лимфомы. В прошлом 25 Многие учреждения сместили эту практику с госпитализации на one , которые могут быть выполнены в амбулаторном порядке, что приведет к экономии средств и повышению качества жизни пациентов. Недавно появившиеся методы лечения иммуноэффективных клеток (ИЭК) и расширение их масштабов приводят к изменению ландшафта лечения гематологовых и негематологических магнатов. Однако нынешние финансовые модел

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… release syndrome Supportive care/symptom prophylaxis and management Anti-emetic prophylaxis for highly-emetogenic conditioning regimens – including NK1RA, 5-HT3RA, benzodiazepine Anti-emetic treatments in advance including prochlorperazine, 5-HTRA, benzodiazepine, with potential addition of transdermal scopolamine …

A Natural Organic Compound "Decursin" Has Both Antitumor and Renal Protective Effects: Treatment for Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that commonly occurs in children. Anticancer drugs, for example, cisplatin, aid in postsurgery recovery but induce side effects such as renal damage, affecting the life prognosis of patients. Decursin which is one of the bioactive components has been reported for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects, but the effect on osteosarcoma is unexplained. In this study, the research theme was to examine the sensitizing effect of decursin and its influence on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The cell viability and half maximal inhibitory conce

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… Decursin from Angelica gigas mitigates amnesia induced by scopolamine in mice. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory . 2003;79(1):11–18. doi: 10.1016/s1074-7427(02)00007-2. 19. Li C., Li J., Fan J., Meng L., Cao L. …

The Health-Promoting Effects and the Mechanism of Intermittent Fasting.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern in which individuals go extended periods with little or no energy intake after consuming regular food in intervening periods. IF has several health-promoting effects. It can effectively reduce weight, fasting insulin levels, and blood glucose levels. It can also increase the antitumor activity of medicines and cause improvement in the case of neurological diseases, such as memory deficit, to achieve enhanced metabolic function and prolonged longevity. Additionally, IF activates several biological pathways to induce autophagy, encourages cell renew

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… Hippocampal chromatin-modifying enzymes are pivotal for scopolamine-induced synaptic plasticity gene expression changes and memory impairment. Journal of Neurochemistry . 2015;134(4):642–651. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13171. 68. Solon-Biet S. M., Wahl D., Raubenheimer D., Cogger V. C., Le Couteur D. …

Cancer Neoaxonogenesis: Mechanisms and Factors Involved in the Recruitment of Peripheral Nerves by Cancer Tissue.

Peripheral nerves provide a direct connection between the brain and the tumor microenvironment. This connection allows the nervous system to influence processes associated with the development, progression, and metastasis of different tumor types. Therefore, tumor innervation by peripheral nerve fibers is currently emerging as a characteristic that contributes to multiple hallmarks of cancer. Several experimental studies have shown that cancer progression involves actively inducing the ingrowth of autonomic and sensory nerve fibers into tumor tissue. In this process, known as neoaxonogenesis,

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… Several studies investigated the effects of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonists (e.g., propranolol), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists (e.g., scopolamine, pirenzepine, darifenacin), and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonists (e.g., aprepitant) on cancer cell proliferation and tumor … For instance, Magnon et al. [ 1 ] discovered that the administration of non-selective and selective muscarinic receptor (MR) antagonists (scopolamine and pirenzepine) or the knockout of the M1R gene inhibited metastasis in a mouse model of prostate cancer. …

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Is it an Effective Treatment for Cancer Pain?

Cancer is a major public health issue, with an estimated 20 million new cases and 9.7 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2022. Approximately 44.5% of patients experience cancer pain, significantly impacting their quality of life and causing physical and psychological burdens. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, shows potential in managing cancer pain. This review summarizes current research on rTMS for cancer pain, focusing on pain directly caused by tumors, pain from cancer treatments, postoperative pain, and cancer-related sy

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… All patients followed the same regimen and were required not to change during the study: tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg twice daily, scopolamine 20 mg three times per day, and amitriptyline 25 mg twice daily. …

Нацеливание на природные полифенолы антиоксидантов в целях защиты от нейроинфламмации и нейродегенеративных заболеваний: всеобъемлющий обзор.

Полифенолы, природные фитонутриенты, встречающиеся в растительных продуктах питания, привлекли значительное внимание к их потенциальному терапевтическому воздействию в неврологических заболеваниях и нейроинфламмации. Эти соединения обладают различными возможностями нейрозащиты, включая антиоксидантные, антивоспалительные и антиамильоидные свойства, которые способствуют смягчению развития таких нейродегенеративных заболеваний, как болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), деменция, множественный склероз (MS), Строк и болезнь Хантингтона (HD). Полифенолы были тщательно изучены на предме

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… The animal model studies revealed that both compounds also inhibited scopolamine-mediated amnesia. Research with flavonoid rutin has been shown in neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y, which can regulate oxidative stress, malondialdehyde and glutathione disulfide ( Amiri et al., 2024 ). …

ASENT 2022 Annual Meeting.

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… Finally, the procognitive effects of ATH-1001 were evaluated in vivo using Morris water maze (MWM) in the scopolamine amnesia rat model. ATH-1001 treatment reversed spatial memory impairment as measured by reduced escape latencies in the MWM. …

Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Essential Medicines.

Since 1977, the World Health Organization publishes a list of essential medicines, i.e., those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population and are selected with regard to disease prevalence and public health relevance, evidence of clinical efficacy, and safety, as well as comparative costs and cost-effectiveness. The Essential Medicines List (EML) is an invaluable tool for all countries to select those medicines that have an excellent risk/benefit ratio and that are reputed to be of pivotal importance to health. In the present perspective, we describe the chemical composition

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… It is interesting to note that, if a transdermal absorption is required, the molecular weight criterium becomes even stricter and lowers to 350 Da, and indeed, if we consider the transdermal EMs (scopolamine, fentanyl, nicotine), this condition is fulfilled. …

Involvement of Resveratrol against Brain Cancer: A Combination Strategy with a Pharmaceutical Approach.

A brain tumor (BT) is a condition in which there is growth or uncontrolled development of the brain cells, which usually goes unrecognized or is diagnosed at the later stages. Since the mechanism behind BT is not clear, and the various physiological conditions are difficult to diagnose, the success rate of BT is not very high. This is the central issue faced during drug development and clinical trials with almost all types of neurodegenerative disorders. In the first part of this review, we focus on the concept of brain tumors, their barriers, and the types of delivery possible to target the b

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… Vitisin A, a Resveratrol Tetramer, Improves Scopolamine-Induced Impaired Learning and Memory Functions in Amnesiac ICR Mice. Biomedicines. 2022;10:273. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10020273. 6. Liu Y., Song X., Wu M., Wu J., Liu J. …

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse effect of anaesthesia and surgery. Up to 80% of patients may be aff … one, metoclopramide, ondansetron, palonosetron, perphenazine, promethazine, ramosetron, rolapitant, scopolamine, and tropisetron) compared to placebo (inactive control). We performed network meta-analyses (NMAs) to estimate the relative effects and ranking (with placebo as reference) of all available single drugs and combinations. Primary outcomes were vomiti …

Advances in α-Lipoic Acid for Disease Prevention: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights.

α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring compound with diverse biological functions, widely distributed in animal and plant tissues. It has attracted considerable attention due to its versatile therapeutic potential. However, despite these promising prospects, the clinical application of ALA remains limited by its low bioavailability and chemical instability and an incomplete understanding of its multifaceted mechanisms across various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemical properties of ALA, including its direct free-radical-scavenging activity, regenera

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… Another study demonstrated that ALA administration significantly ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment and exploratory behavior by reducing acetylcholinesterase activity and correcting the abnormal levels of amines in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex [ 26 ]. …

Googling the Guggul (Commiphora and Boswellia) for Prevention of Chronic Diseases.

Extensive research during last 2 decades has revealed that most drugs discovered today, although costs billions of dollars for discovery, and yet they are highly ineffective in their clinical response. For instance, the European Medicines Agency has approved 68 anti-cancer drugs, and out of which 39 has reached the market level with no indication of increased survival nor betterment of quality of life. Even when drugs did improve survival rate compared to available treatment strategies, most of these were found to be clinically insignificant. This is a fundamental problem with modern drug disc

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… Z-guggulsterone improves the scopolamine-induced memory impairments through enhancement of the BDNF signal in C57BL/6J mice. Neurochem. Res. 41, 3322–3332. 10.1007/s11064-016-2064-0 Cheon J. H., Kim J. S., Kim J. M., Kim N., Jung H. C., Song I. S. (2006). …

Intracellular Pathways and Mechanisms of Colored Secondary Metabolites in Cancer Therapy.

Despite the great advancements made in cancer treatment, there are still many unsatisfied aspects, such as the wide palette of side effects and the drug resistance. There is an obvious increasing scientific attention towards nature and what it can offer the human race. Natural products can be used to treat many diseases, of which some plant products are currently used to treat cancer. Plants produce secondary metabolites for their signaling mechanisms and natural defense. A variety of plant-derived products have shown promising anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. Rather than recreating

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… Many alkaloid salts are used in medicine, including antitumoral vinblastine, analgesics morphine and codeine, muscle relaxant tubocurarine, antipyretic and antimalarial quinine, antiarrhythmic ajmalicine, sedative action scopolamine, antibiotic sanguinarine, gout suppressant colchicine, and reserpine …

Genus Sophora: a comprehensive review on secondary chemical metabolites and their biological aspects from past achievements to future perspectives.

Sophora is deemed as one of the most remarkable genera of Fabaceae, and the third largest family of flowering plants. The genus Sophora comprises approximately 52 species, 19 varieties, and 7 forms that are widely distributed in Asia and mildly in Africa. Sophora species are recognized to be substantial sources of broad spectrum biopertinent secondary metabolites namely flavonoids, isoflavonoids, chalcones, chromones, pterocarpans, coumarins, benzofuran derivatives, sterols, saponins (mainly triterpene glycosides), oligostilbenes, and mainly alkaloids. Meanwhile, extracts and isolated compoun

Окисляющий/нетрозирующий стресс, апоптоз и сигнализация " Redox " : основные игроки в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой серьезную проблему для здоровья, которая оказывает глубокое воздействие на качество и продолжительность жизни миллионов людей. Эти заболевания характеризуются патологическими изменениями в различных областях мозга, конкретными генетическими мутациями, связанными с болезнью, залежами аномальных белков и дегенерацией неврологических клеток. Поскольку нейродегенеративные расстройства различаются по своим эпидемиологическим характеристикам и степени уязвимости нейронов, лечение этих заболеваний обычно направлено на замедление развития заболеваний.

Localized Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Treatment Options for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The treatment for HNSCC has evolved over time, due to which the prognosis has improved drastically. Despite the varied treatment options, major challenges persist. HNSCC chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs are usually administered systemically, which could affect the patient's quality of life due to the associated side effects. Moreover, the systemic administration of salivary stimulating agent

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… The first transdermal patches were approved by the FDA in the US in 1979 for Scopolamine to treat nausea and vomiting [ 74 , 75 ]. This was followed by the approval of nicotine patches in 1984 and then further patches for pain management and hormone replacement therapy [ 74 ]. …

From Lab to Clinic: Success Stories of Repurposed Drugs in Treating Major Diseases.

Drug repurposing, the process of identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs, has emerged as a cost-effective and time-saving alternative to traditional drug development. This strategy leverages the known pharmacological and safety profiles of approved or investigational drugs to accelerate their clinical application for other diseases. In recent years, repurposed drugs have played a crucial role in addressing treatment gaps in complex and multifactorial diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases. This review highlights prominent examples where repurpo

Phosphodiesterase type 5 and cancers: progress and challenges.

Cancers are an extraordinarily heterogeneous collection of diseases with distinct genetic profiles and biological features that directly influence response patterns to various treatment strategies as well as clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, our growing understanding of cancer cell biology and tumor progression is gradually leading towards rational, tailored medical treatments designed to destroy cancer cells by exploiting the unique cellular pathways that distinguish them from normal healthy counterparts. Recently, inhibition of the activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is emerging as a

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… Inhibition of phoshodiesterase type 2 or type 10 reverses object memory deficits induced by scopolamine or MK-801. Behav Brain Res. 2013;236:16–22. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.019. 68. Jager R, Russwurm C, Schwede F, Genieser HG, Koesling D, Russwurm M. …