Результаты поиска

Small-scale (Phase II) evaluation of the efficacy and residual activity of SumiShield® 50 WG (clothianidin 50%, w/w) for indoor residual spraying in comparison to deltamethrin, bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl for malaria vector control in Karnataka state, India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: There is an urgent need of introducing new insecticide molecules with novel modes of action to counter the ever growing insecticide-resistance in mosquito vectors. In the present study, a new insecticide molecule, SumiShield 50 WG (clothianidin 50%, w/w) was investigated for its efficacy as an indoor residual spray along with its residual action in comparison to deltamethrin, pirimiphos-methyl and bendiocarb. METHODS: The study area included three villages in Almatti Dam catchment area in Bagalkot district, Karnataka, India. Spraying was done using Hudson sprayers wit

[Control of onchocerciasis vectors in West Africa: description of the logistics adapted for a large-scale public health program].

The Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) in West Africa, launched in 1974, includes 11 participating countries and covers more than one million square kilometres. The aim of the OCP is to control blinding onchocerciasis (river blindness) which is caused by the savannah strain of Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by the Simulium damnosum complex. There is no effective macrofilaricide, so vector control to prevent the transmission of the parasite remains the method of choice, despite the availability of ivermectin, a drug which controls ocular morbidity. The potential value of vector control has

Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungi: Their Role in Enhancing Plant Resistance, Managing Insect Pests, and Synergy with Management Routines.

The interaction between plants and microorganisms plays a major role in plant growth promotion and disease management. While most microorgan … plant systems may be challenged by the plant's defense mechanisms or by human interventions such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and phyto-insecticides, which are common in agriculture. As effective biocontrol agents, endophytic entomopathogenic fungi can also be integrated with other pest management strategies like predators, parasitoids, and chemica …

Vector incrimination and effects of antimalarial drugs on malaria transmission and control in the Amazon basin of Brazil.

World ecosystems differ significantly and a multidisciplinary malaria control approach must be adjusted to meet these requirements. These include a comprehensive understanding of the malaria vectors, their behavior, seasonal distribution and abundance, susceptibility to insecticides (physiological and behavioral), methods to reduce the numbers of human gametocyte carriers through effective health care systems and antimalarial drug treatment, urban malaria transmission versus rural or forest malaria transmission, and the impact of vaccine development. Many malaria vectors are members of species…

Historical pesticide applications for the treatment of eastern spruce budworm infestations in New Brunswick.

Pesticides have been used in Canada since 1945 as part of large-scale aerial spray applications to control insect pests on forested lands. S … s, and caused the individual and cumulative ecosystem effects that can still be measured today. The insecticides that replaced DDT were nonpersistent and unlikely to be found today. However, during the years of application some of the insecticides were likely to have impacted local ecosystems to some degree. To aid future studies on the efficacy and environmen …

The Indian and Nepalese programmes of indoor residual spraying for the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis: performance and effectiveness.

Although, when applied under controlled conditions in India and Nepal, indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been found to reduce sandfly densities significantly, it is not known if IRS will be as effective when applied generally in these countries, via the national programmes for the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis. The potential benefits and limitations of national IRS programmes for the control of sandflies were therefore evaluated in the districts of Vaishali (in the Indian state of Bihar), Sarlahi (in Nepal) and Sunsari (also in Nepal). The use of technical guidelines, levels of knowle

Sheep blowfly strike risk and management in Great Britain: a survey of current practice.

The methods used for the control of sheep blowfly strike (ovine cutaneous myiasis) and the farm management factors associated with strike prevalence were examined using data from questionnaire survey returns provided by 966 sheep farmers in Great Britain, based on the period between March 2003 and February 2004. Overall, 91% of participants treated prophylactically with insecticides against blowfly strike; 39% treated twice and 11% treated more than three times in the year. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) were the most commonly chosen product (40%), especially the IGR cyromazine. Only 12% of f…

Evidence of anopheline mosquito resistance to agrochemicals in northern Thailand.

The objective of this study was to assess insecticide resistance in anopheline mosquito populations in agroecosystems with high and low insecticide use in a malaria endemic area in Chiang Mai province in northern Thailand. Anopheline mosquitoes were collected in May and June 2004 from two locations with different agricultural insecticide intensity (HIGH and LOW), but similar in vector control strategies. The F1-generation of Anopheles maculatus s.s. and An. sawadwongporni were subjected to diagnostic doses of methyl parathion (MeP) and cypermethrin (Cyp), both commonly used insecticides in fru…

[Control campaigns against Triatoma infestans in a rural community of northwestern Argentina].

Control campaigns against Triatoma infestans, the principal vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, have relied on the application of residual insecticides and have regarded the system as homogeneous. Reinfestation generally starts in peri-domestic residual foci or in preexisting foci that escaped spraying for diverse reasons. From these foci T. infestans adults actively invade other sites, or they are transported passively within objects or goods from infested communities. In the absence of additional spraying of insecticides after the attack phase, domiciliary reinfestation expanded exponentially to re…

Potential biocontrol efficacy of native Beauveria bassiana against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) in cabbage.

Cabbage experiences substantial yield reductions due to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) infestation. Recurrent use of insecticides has led to insecticide resistance, necessitating the development of sustainable biocontrol strategies. This study involves the morpho-molecular characterization of Beauveria bassiana isolates from diverse locations. B. bassiana NBAIR-Bb5a exhibited the rapid mycelial growth (87.43 mm) with highest conidial germination rate (94.43%), and notable insecticidal enzymatic activities (chitinase, protease and lipase). Patho…

Population-specific variation in temperature-dependent RNAi efficacy in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata).

BACKGROUND: The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of potato and other nightshades (Solanaceae). CPB's remarkable ability to rapidly evolve resistance to conventional insecticides has necessitated the development of novel management strategies, including RNA interference (RNAi)-based approaches using insecticidal dsRNA. In previous work, we demonstrated that a dsRNA insecticide targeting Actin, a highly conserved protein essential for cell structure and function, was less effective at low temperatures. Here, we evaluated the…

Compatibility of behavioral disruptors in attract-and-kill formulations for sustainable control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a major pest of soft-skinned fruits, inflicting economic losses through pre-harvest infestation. Among reduced-risk strategies, Attract-and-Kill (A&K) presents an alternative to full-cover insecticide sprays by concentrating exposure to insecticide-laced lures. However, compatibility of insecticides and attractants, as well as application volume, requires optimization to improve efficacy. We evaluated A&K formulations that combined organic Entrust SC (spinosad), Pyganic (pyrethrin), and conventional Gowan Malathion-8 Flowable (malathion), Mustang …

Esterase-Mediated Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of an Invasive Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi from Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: The swift expansion of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi throughout Africa presents a major challenge to malaria control initiatives. Unlike the native African vectors, An. stephensi thrives in urban settings and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides, including pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates. METHODS: Insecticide susceptibility tests were performed on field-collected An. stephensi mosquitoes from Awash Sebac Kilo, Ethiopia, to assess insecticide resistance levels. Illumina RNA-seq analysis was then employed to compare the transcr…

Решение проблем в области борьбы с переносчиками болезней: обзор нынешних стратегий и настоятельной необходимости использования новых инструментов в борьбе Индии с трансмиссивными заболеваниями.

Болезни, передаваемые вектором (ВБД), несут значительное бремя во всем мире, особенно в тропических странах. Малярия, чикунгунья, денге, висцеральный лейшманиоз, лимфатический филариат и японский энцефалит относятся к числу проблем здравоохранения Индии. Одной из главных опор сдерживания VBD является борьба с переносчиками болезней, и на протяжении нескольких десятилетий используются различные инструменты. Они варьируются от химических инсектицидов, используемых в опрыскивании помещений, космических распылителей, туманов, обработанных противомоскитных сеток и личинок, до биологических методов

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) exert a substantial burden across the world, especially in tropical countries. Malaria, chikungunya, dengue, vi … ector control and different tools have been employed for several decades. These range from chemical insecticides used in indoor residual sprays, space sprays, fogging, treated bednets and larvicides to biological control methods such as larvivorus fishes and environmental control and modification measures such as source reduction. However, these methods are in …

Assessment of ecotoxicological effects of agrochemicals on bees using the PRIMET model, in the Tiko plain (South-West Cameroon).

Pesticide utilization in agriculture has many harmful effects of non-target organisms. This study assessed pesticide risk to bees using PRIM … Cbee), No Effect Concentration (NECbee) and Exposure Toxicity Ratio (ETRbee = PECbee/NECbee). Eight insecticides (out of 15 assessed) and 1 nematicide (out of 1) posed a Definite Risk to bees with imidacloprid (PEC = 4412 g/ha; ETR = 1.09E+07) at the top position. Six insecticides (out of 16), and 1 nematicide (out of 1) posed a Possible Risk to bees. The inse …

Biodistribution of degradable polyanhydride particles in Aedes aegypti tissues.

Insecticide resistance poses a significant threat to the control of arthropods that transmit disease agents. Nanoparticle carriers offer exciting opportunities to expand the armamentarium of insecticides available for public health and other pests. Most chemical insecticides are delivered by contact or feeding, and from there must penetrate various biological membranes to reach target organs and kill the pest organism. Nanoparticles have been shown to improve bioactive compound navigation of such barriers in vertebrates, but have not been well-explored in arthropods. In this study, we explored…

Integrating Case Detection of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Other Febrile Illness with Vector Control in the Post-Elimination Phase in Nepal.

Nepal has completed the attack phase of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination and now needs active case detection (ACD) and vector control methods that are suitable to the consolidation and maintenance phases. We evaluated different ACD approaches and vector control methods in Saptari district. We assessed 1) mobile teams deployed in villages with VL cases in 2015 to conduct combined camps for fever and skin lesions to detect VL/PKDL (post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis) and other infections; 2) an incentive approach by trained female community health volunteers (FCHVs) in villages with no V

[Estimations of application dosage and greenhouse gas emission of chemical pesticides in staple crops in China.].

Chemical pesticides play an important role in improving crop yield in modern agriculture. However, commonly overuse of pesticide in China le … China. The amounts of pesticides applied to the three cereal crops were 30.8, 16.5, and 58.3 kt for insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, respectively. The total GHG emission from these pesticides was 1.5 Tg Ce, and the GHG emissions from these insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides accounted for 23.8%, 16.9%, and 59.3% of the total emission, respectivel …

UV light and urban pollution: bad cocktail for mosquitoes?

Mosquito breeding sites consist of water pools, which can either be large open areas or highly covered ponds with vegetation, thus with diff … ito larvae to a bioinsecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis-Bti) and to five chemical insecticides (DDT, imidacloprid, permethrin, propoxur and temephos). Contrasting effects regarding mosquito cell mortality, detoxification and oxidative stress were observed as being dependent on the pollutant considered, despite the fact that the two PAHs belon …

Role of uncondensed 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as biocidal plant protection agents--a review.

The role of uncondensed 1,2,4-triazine derivatives and the related compounds as biocidal plant protection agents such as herbicides, bactericidal, fungicidal, antimicrobial, protozacides, anticoccidal, parasiticides, insecticides, acaricdes and pesticides, is reviewed.