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Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the health professionals follow-up study.

Risk factors for prostate cancer could differ for various sub-groups, such as for "aggressive" and "non-aggressive" cancers or by grade or stage. Determinants of mortality could differ from those for incidence. Using data from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we re-examined 10 factors (cigarette smoking history, physical activity, BMI, family history of prostate cancer, race, height, total energy consumption, and intakes of calcium, tomato sauce and alpha-linolenic acid) using multivariable Cox regression in relation to multiple subcategories for prostate cancer risk. These were facto

Interaction of NPR1 with basic leucine zipper protein transcription factors that bind sequences required for salicylic acid induction of the PR-1 gene.

The Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1 has been shown to be a key regulator of gene expression during the onset of a plant disease-resistance response known as systemic acquired resistance. The npr1 mutant plants fail to respond to systemic acquired resistance-inducing signals such as salicylic acid (SA), or express SA-induced pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Using NPR1 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified a subclass of transcription factors in the basic leucine zipper protein family (AHBP-1b and TGA6) and showed that they interact specifically in yeast and in vitro with NPR1. Point muta

Apoptotic Pathway as the Therapeutic Target for Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicines.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence indicates that apoptosis is closely related to the survival of cancer and it has emerged as a key target for the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Various studies indicate that targeting the apoptotic signaling pathway by anticancer drugs is an important mechanism in cancer therapy. Therefore, numerous novel anticancer agents have been discovered and developed from traditional

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… Solanum incanum is a spreading perennial plant belonging to the Solanacea family. So. incanum has the function of pain-relieving and is widely used as a TCM in China. … (crocin), Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb | Caspase Prunella vulgaris (hyperoside), Rabdosia rubescens (oridonin), Solanum incanum (solamargine), Solanum lyratum Thunb , Trametes robiniophila Murr (Huaier), Hedyotis diffusa Willd, Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f. …

Curative efficacy of purified serine protease inhibitor PTF3 from potato tuber in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.

To overcome the drug toxicity and frequent resistance of parasites against the conventional drugs for the healing of human visceral leishmaniasis, innovative plant derived antileishmanial components are very imperative. Fuelled by the complications of clinically available antileishmanial drugs, a novel potato serine protease inhibitor was identified with its efficacy on experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The serine protease inhibitors from potato tuber extract (PTEx) bearing molecular mass of 39 kDa (PTF1), 23 kDa (PTF2) and 17 kDa (PTF3) were purified and identified. Among them, PTF3 w

Early Pep-13-induced immune responses are SERK3A/B-dependent in potato.

Potato plants treated with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pep-13 mount salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent defense responses, leading to enhanced resistance against Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease. Recognition of Pep-13 is assumed to occur by binding to a yet unknown plasma membrane-localized receptor kinase. The potato genes annotated to encode the co-receptor BAK1, StSERK3A and StSERK3B, are activated in response to Pep-13 treatment. Transgenic RNAi-potato plants with reduced expression of both SERK3A and SERK3B were generated. In response t

Ammonium secretion during Colletotrichum coccodes infection modulates salicylic and jasmonic acid pathways of ripe and unripe tomato fruit.

The postharvest pathogens Colletotrichum coccodes remains quiescent after infection of unripe fruit. However, during fruit ripening, the pathogen assumes a necrotrophic life style, rapidly colonizing the tissue. C. coccodes secretes ammonium during germination and colonization of host tissue that induces host programmed cell death. We further examined the role of ammonia in the infection process by analyzing transcriptome expression from infected and ammonia-treated fruit tissue compared with healthy tissue. The analysis revealed 82 and 237 common upregulated and downregulated genes, respectiv

Gastro protective and H(+), K(+)-ATPase/H. pylori inhibitory properties of pectic polysaccharides from potato.

Polysaccharide is one among the important classes of biological polymers that is reported to exhibit disease preventive properties. The present study describes the isolation of galactans and confirmation of the same by sugar analysis and determination of anti-ulcer effect of Potato Galactan Polysaccharide (PGP). Data indicated that PGP possessed sugar composition of rhamnose (2%), arabinose (3%), mannose (3%), galactose (94%) and uronic acid (17%) confirming that PGP thus isolated is a galactan. PGP exhibited potent H(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activity (IC50 420 μg/mL) in vitro as opposed to

Production of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants for oral immunization.

Here we present data showing oral immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in preclinical animal trials. Mice fed transgenic HBsAg potato tubers showed a primary immune response (increases in HBsAg-specific serum antibody) that could be greatly boosted by intraperitoneal delivery of a single subimmunogenic dose of commercial HBsAg vaccine, indicating that plants expressing HBsAg in edible tissues may be a new means for oral hepatitis B immunization. However, attainment of such a goal will require higher HBsAg expression than was observed for the potatoes used in this s

Intravenous Administration of Lycopene, a Tomato Extract, Protects against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

BACKGROUND: Oral uptake of lycopene has been shown to be beneficial for preventing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the strong first-pass metabolism of lycopene influences its bioavailability and impedes its clinic application. In this study, we determined an intravenous (IV) administration dose of lycopene protects against myocardial infarction (MI) in a mouse model, and investigated the effects of acute lycopene administration on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and related signaling pathways during myocardial I/R. METHODS: In this study, we established both in

Tomato LeTHIC is an Fe-requiring HMP-P synthase involved in thiamine synthesis and regulated by multiple factors.

Thiamine is a key primary metabolite which is necessary for the viability of all organisms. It is a dietary requirement for mammals because only prokaryotes, fungi and plants are thiamine prototrophs. In contrast to the well documented biosynthetic mechanism in bacteria, much remains to be deciphered in plants. In this work, a tomato thiamine-auxotrophic (thiamineless, tl) mutant was characterized. The tl mutant occurs due to inactivation of LeTHIC transcription as a result of insertion of a large unknown DNA fragment in its 5'-untranslated region. Expression of wild-type LeTHIC in tl plants w

Natural disulfide bond-disrupted mutants of AVR4 of the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum are sensitive to proteolysis, circumvent Cf-4-mediated resistance, but retain their chitin binding ability.

The extracellular AVR4 elicitor of the pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvum induces defense responses in the tomato genotype Cf-4. Here, the four disulfide bonds of AVR4 were identified as Cys-11-41, Cys-21-27, Cys-35-80, and Cys-57-72 by partial reduction with Tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine hydrochloride, subsequent cyanylation, and base-catalyzed chain cleavage. The resulting peptide fragments were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Sequence homology and the disulfide bond pattern revealed that AVR4 contains an invertebrate (inv) chitin-binding domain (ChBD). Binding of AVR4 to chitin was conf

Biotechnological potential of plant growth-promoting bacteria from the roots and rhizospheres of endemic plants in ironstone vegetation in southeastern Brazil.

Microorganisms associated with plants have a great biotechnological potential, but investigations of these microorganisms associated with native plants in peculiar environments has been incipient. The objective of this study was to analyze the plant growth-promoting bacteria potential of cultivable bacteria associated with rare plants from the ferruginous rocky fields of the Brazilian Iron Quadrangle. The roots and rhizospheres of nine endemic plants species and samples of a root found in a lateritiric duricrust (canga) cave were collected, the culturable bacteria isolated and prospected for d

A large Great Britain-wide outbreak of STEC O157 phage type 8 linked to handling of raw leeks and potatoes.

Between December 2010 and July 2011, 252 cases of STEC O157 PT8 stx1 + 2 infection were reported in England, Scotland and Wales. This was the largest outbreak of STEC reported in England and the second largest in the UK to date. Eighty cases were hospitalized, with two cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome and one death reported. Routine investigative data were used to generate a hypothesis but the subsequent case-control study was inconclusive. A second, more detailed, hypothesis generation exercise identified consumption or handling of vegetables as a potential mode of transmission. A second

Идентификация генотипов теплотерпимых томатов на основе комплексного фенотипного, биохимического, молекулярного анализа и анализа бипло ГПЭ.

Высокотемпературный стресс является одним из основных факторов, влияющих на продуктивность помидоров и качество фруктов во всем мире. Настоящее исследование направлено на выявление генотипов помидоров, терпимых к воздействию тепла, с использованием интегрированных морфологических, биохимических, молекулярных и ГПЭ (генотип плюс генотип по окружающей среде) биплоанализов в условиях контролируемого высокого температурного стресса ()40 ± 2 °C, день) по сравнению с оптимальными условиями (26 ± 2 °С, день). Thirty-five Проведена оценка генотипов томатов по садоводству, репродуктивному, биохимическо

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… Introduction Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is among the most widely cultivated vegetable crops worldwide, contributing substantially to nutritional security, agro-industry, and farmers’ livelihoods. … Alsamir M An overview of heat stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2021 28 1654 1663 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.088 33732051 PMC7938145 Alsamir, M. et al. An overview of heat stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Saudi J. Biol. …

The Potato ERF Transcription Factor StERF3 Negatively Regulates Resistance to Phytophthora infestans and Salt Tolerance in Potato.

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are unique to the plant kingdom and play crucial roles in plant response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. We show here that a potato StERF3, which contains an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif in its C-terminal region, negatively regulates resistance to Phytophthora infestans and salt tolerance in potato. The StERF3 promoter responds to induction by salicylic acid, ABA ethylene and NaCl, as well as P. infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight disease. StERF3 could bind to the GCC box element of the HIS3 promoter and activate trans

An outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning caused by enterotoxin H in mashed potato made with raw milk.

Mashed potato made with raw bovine milk was suspected to have been the source of a food poisoning outbreak. Almost 8 x 10(8)Staphylococcus aureus CFU g(-1) were detected in the mashed potato. S. aureus was also found in bulk milk from the farm that had supplied milk for the mashed potato. Isolates from mashed potato and bulk milk were positive for the gene encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin H (seh), and the corresponding protein toxin, SEH, was detected by ELISA in the mashed potato. Production of SEH by S. aureus isolates from mashed potato (n = 4) and bulk milk (n = 4) was also demonstrated

Nationwide outbreak of human salmonellosis in Germany due to contaminated paprika and paprika-powdered potato chips.

Between April and September 1993, a nationwide outbreak of salmonellosis occurred in Germany which was traced to contaminated paprika and paprika-powdered potato chips. Of the estimated 1000 cases, children below 14 years were principally affected. Levels of 0.04-0.45 organisms per gram were found in the snacks. The infective dose was estimated at 4-45 organisms with an attack rate of 1 in 10,000 exposed persons. The unique feature of the outbreak was the variety of serovars involved. S. saintpaul, S. rubislaw and S. javiana were isolated during the same time period from paprika powder, spice

Multiple RNA binding protein complexes interact with the rice prolamine RNA cis-localization zipcode sequences.

RNAs for the storage proteins, glutelins and prolamines, contain zipcode sequences, which target them to specific subdomains of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in developing rice (Oryza sativa) seeds. Fifteen RNA binding proteins (RBPs) specifically bind to the prolamine zipcode sequences and are likely to play an important role in the transport and localization of this storage protein RNA. To understand the underlying basis for the binding of multiple protein species to the prolamine zipcode sequences, the relationship of five of these RBPs, RBP-A, RBP-I, RBP-J, RBP-K, and RBP-Q, were stud

Chemical Modification of 1-Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Oxidase: Cysteine Mutational Analysis, Characterization, and Bioconjugation with a Nitroxide Spin Label.

1-Aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO) catalyzes the last step of ethylene biosynthesis in plants. Although some sets of structures have been described, there are remaining questions on the active conformation of ACCO and in particular, on the conformation and potential flexibility of the C-terminal part of the enzyme. Several techniques based on the introduction of a probe through chemical modification of amino acid residues have been developed for determining the conformation and dynamics of proteins. Cysteine residues are recognized as convenient targets for selective chemical m

Evidence for a role of the N terminus and leucine-rich repeat region of the Mi gene product in regulation of localized cell death.

The tomato Mi gene confers resistance against root-knot nematodes and potato aphids. Chimeric constructs of the functional gene, Mi-1. 2, with a homolog, Mi-1.1, were produced, and their phenotypes were examined in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots. Exchange of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region of Mi-1.1 into Mi-1.2 resulted in the loss of ability to confer nematode resistance, as did substitution of a 6-amino acid sequence from the Mi-1.1 LRR into Mi-1.2. Introduction of the Mi-1.2 LRR-encoding region into Mi-1.1 resulted in a lethal phenotype, as did substitution of the fragment