Результаты поиска

Predicting individual differences in reading, spelling and maths in a sample of typically developing children: A study in the perspective of comorbidity.

We examined reading, spelling, and mathematical skills in an unselected group of 129 Italian fifth graders by testing various cognitive predictors for each behaviour. As dependent variables, we measured performance in behaviours with a clear functional value in everyday life, such as reading a text, spelling under dictation and doing mental and written computations. As predictors, we selected cognitive dimensions having an explicit relation with the target behaviour (called proximal predictors), and prepared various tests in order to select which task had the best predictive power on each beha

The bridge between cognition and behavior in acquired brain injury: A graph theoretical approach.

BACKGROUND: The assumption is that executive dysfunctions (EF), associated with frontal lobe injury, are responsible for behavioral disturba … ct patterns of relationships between EF and behavior in the three subgroups. The performance on the verbal learning test is the most central node in all the networks. In the frontal group, verbal memory forms a community with working memory and fluency. The behavioral nodes do not differentiate between groups or form clusters with cognitive nodes. No other commun …

Binge drinking during adolescence and young adulthood is associated with deficits in verbal episodic memory.

Binge drinking (BD), a harmful pattern of alcohol consumption, is common during adolescence. Young adults with alcohol use disorders exhibit … sodic memory was assessed four times with the Logical Memory subtest (WMS-III) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Generalized linear mixed models were applied. The results showed that, relative to non-BDs, stable BDs presented difficulties in immediate and delayed recall in the Logical Memory subtest. These difficulties remained stable over time. …

Executive Functions in Frontal Lob Syndrome: A Case Report.

Prefrontal cortex in frontal lobe (FL) is the center of executive functions (EF). FL damage can lead to executive dysfunction by influencing frontal-subcortical circuits (dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, ventromedial). Damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can lead to deterioration in EF, whereas damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) can lead to personality changes with the characteristic of disinhibition and irritability. In addition, damage to the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (ACC/MPFC) can result in decreased spontaneity. Neuropsychological tests are impo

Pyrethroid insecticide exposure and cognitive developmental disabilities in children: The PELAGIE mother-child cohort.

Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Despite the neurotoxicity of these insecticides at high doses, few studies have examined whether lower-level exposures could adversely affect children's neurodevelopment. The PELAGIE cohort included 3421 pregnant women from Brittany, France between 2002 and 2006. When their children reached their sixth birthday, 428 mothers from the cohort were randomly selected, successfully contacted and found eligible. A total of 287 (67%) mothers agreed to participate with their children in the neuropsychological follow-up. Two cognitive

Differential influence of hippocampal subfields to memory formation: insights from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

To clarify the anatomical organization of human memory remains a major challenge in clinical neuroscience. Experimental data suggest dentate gyrus granule cells play a major role in memory acquisition, i.e. pattern separation and rapid pattern completion, whereas hippocampal CA1 neurons are implicated in place memory and autobiographical memory retrieval. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy present with a broad spectrum of memory impairment, which can be assessed during clinical examination. Although long seizure histories may contribute to a pathophysiological reorganization of functional co

Impact of apolipoprotein E ε4 and HIV on cognition and brain atrophy: antagonistic pleiotropy and premature brain aging.

OBJECTIVE: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele may accelerate the progression of HIV disease, and increase the risk for developing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Whether APOEε4 allele(s) and age may influence brain atrophy in HIV patients is unknown and was evaluated. METHODS: Automated morphometry on magnetic resonance images, using FreeSurfer analyses, neuropsychological testing and APOE genotyping were performed in 139 subjects [70 seronegative controls (SN); 69 clinically-stable HIV subjects]. RESULTS: Compared to SN, HIV subjects had smaller volumes throughout the brai

[Cognitive disturbances observed in chronic hepatitis C patients during pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin therapy].

UNLABELLED: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with peg-interferon alpha and ribavirin (peg-IFNalpha/RBV) complain of irritability, … th groups underwent a neuropsychological examination consisting of R. Brickenkamp d2 test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Hooper Visual Organization Test at the beginning (t=0) and after 12 weeks of treatment or observation (t=1). RESULTS: The experimental group patients showed significant deterioration in all the measured cognitive functions in t=1 comparing …

Cerebellar contributions to cognitive functions: a progress report after two decades of research.

Accumulating evidence from both human lesion and functional neuroimaging studies appears to support the hypothesis that the cerebellum contributes to non-motor functions. Along similar lines, cognitive, affective and behavioural changes in psychiatric disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia and dyslexia, have been linked to structural cerebellar abnormalities. The aim of this special issue was to evaluate the current knowledge base after more than 20 years of controversial discussion. The contributions of the special issue cover the most important cognitive domains, i.e., attention, memory an

Sex-Specific Effects of the rs9896243 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Verbal Memory in First Episode Psychosis: A Family-Based Approach.

BACKGROUND: Sex differences in verbal memory (VM) are well documented in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, with women typically outperforming men, especially in early illness stages. A previous genome-wide association study identified the SNP rs9896243 in the NSF gene as linked to VM performance in the general population. Here, we investigate its role in a family-based first-episode psychosis (FEP) cohort, focusing on interactions with sex and diagnostic status. METHODS: A total of 486 participants completed the Spanish version of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Mixed-effects model…

Comparative efficacy and cognitive function of magnetic seizure therapy and electroconvulsive therapy for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic seizure therapy (MST), as a novel physical therapy technique, has demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of … 68, 95% CI: 0.35-1.01, P < 0.0001), delayed memory (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.28-0.94, P = 0.0003), and verbal learning (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.18-0.95, P = 0.0037). CONCLUSIONS: Our evidence-based study conducted a meta-analysis of the antidepressant efficacy of MST and its effects on cognitive function. The evidence from this study suggests that MST may be slightly …

"Each moon we come to weigh the pregnancy:" Exploring the experience of group antenatal care processes in Benin and their contributions to self-efficacy.

Group antenatal care (G-ANC) is a model that brings pregnant women with similar estimated delivery dates together for clinical assessment and participatory learning in a supportive social context. A qualitative study was nested in a trial assessing the community impact of G-ANC on ANC retention and uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) in Atlantique Department, Benin. This nested qualitative study assessed women's experience of G-ANC, and ways participation could foster self-efficacy to perform a variety of prevention and care-seeking behaviors. Ten semi-st

Different association between triglyceride-glucose index and mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without diabetic kidney disease.

AIM: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker reflecting metabolic status related to both glucose and lipid homeostasis, has … diminished scores on both the Verbal Fluency Test and the delayed recall component of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test, which assess executive function and immediate memory, respectively, in patients without DKD. These findings suggest that heightened TyG index may serve as an independent risk indicator for cognitive decline in T2DM individuals without DKD. How …

Alterations in cerebral artery flow velocity acceleration pattern correlate with cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Flow velocity acceleration pattern is related to shear stress, pressure changes, cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes mellitu … ndard statistical tests. RESULTS: VAI was significantly correlated with HVLT total recall (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised) (r: -0.310 p: 0.046, n: 42), delayed recall (r: -0.396 p: 0.009), % Retention (r: -0.305 p: 0.050) and components of RCFT(Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), namely raw copy score (r: -0.524 p < 0.001), immediate recall (r: -0.323 p: …

NMDA receptor-modulating treatments for cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder: A narrative review.

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive impairment is a significant aspect of bipolar disorder, affecting both emotional and non-emotional domains, leading to … ECT) in patients with bipolar disorders. Ketamine infusions have also improved processing speed and verbal learning in bipolar disorder patients. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests that NMDA receptor-modulating agents play a significant role in improving cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder. Researchers should consider recently identified NMDA recepto …

Stages of Hypertension and Antihypertensive Medication Use in the Brain Health and Memory Clinic Setting.

INTRODUCTION: While mid-life hypertension is a recognised risk factor for dementia, data also suggest elevated blood pressure is detrimental … on and age-corrected z-scores were computed for the neuropsychological domains of processing speed, verbal learning, verbal memory, executive function, and an overall composite. RESULTS: Of 1,236 participants (mean age 67.7 years, 62% female), 84.7% were considered either stage 1 (31.7%) or stage 2 (53%) hypertension, but only 32.4% were taking antihypertensive …

Изучение сопутствующих факторов расстройств и утомления, вызванных множественным склерозом, страдающим когнитивным расстройством: перекрестное исследование.

Это исследование было направлено на изучение факторов, связанных с расстройствами настроения и усталостью у пациентов с множественным склерозом с когнитивным расстройством. МЕТОДЫ: Это перекрестное исследование охватывало 70 из 155 пациентов, имеющих когнитивное расстройство (CI) в консультации в Кермане, Иран, в период с 2023 по 2024 год. Для оценки скорости визуальной обработки и рабочей памяти использовались персидско-короткая международная когнитивная оценка для проверки MS (BICAMS), которая включает в себя Верхний учебный тест в Калифорнии (CVLT-II) для оценки слуховой или устной эпизодич

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with mood disorders and fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients w … dapted Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) tests, which include the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II) to assess auditory or verbal episodic memory, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to assess visual processing speed and working memory have been used. Independent t-test compared CI between patients with and without CI, and linear …

Pushing, standing and bringing to light: How medical trainees conceptualise professional resistance.

BACKGROUND: Much of the literature on harm and injustice in medical education focuses on the impact of oppression rather than trainees' efforts to create change. To acknowledge and make visible these efforts, medical education professionals must grasp how trainees perceive resistance and their role in effecting change. Employing functional linguistic and 'everyday' resistance theories, this critical qualitative study aims to understand trainees' conceptions of resistance practices and their representational choices in moments when they talked about and conceptualised resistance. METHODS: Gath

Validating virtual administration of neuropsychological testing in Parkinson disease: a pilot study.

Background COVID-19 has highlighted the need for remote cognitive testing. Virtual testing may lessen burden and can reach a larger patient population. The reliability and validity of virtual cognitive testing in Parkinson disease (PD) is unknown. Objectives To validate neuropsychological tests for virtual administration in PD. Methods Participants enrolled in an observational, cognition-focused study completed a rater-administered cognitive battery in-person and via video conference 3-7 days apart. Order of administration was counterbalanced. Analyses to compare performance by type of adminis

Dynamic Amyloid and Metabolic Signatures of Delayed Recall Performance within the Clinical Spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease.

Associations between pathophysiological events and cognitive measures provide insights regarding brain networks affected during the clinical … mory outcome measures of interest were logical memory 30 min delayed recall (LM30) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test 30 min delayed recall (RAVLT30). Voxel-based [18F]florbetapir and [18F]FDG uptake-ratio maps were constructed and correlations between PET images and cognitive scores were calculated. We found that EMCI individuals had LM30 scores negatively co …