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Dosimetric evaluation of megavoltage X-ray and proton minibeam radiation therapy in brain tumor-bearing canines.

BACKGROUND: Healthy tissue toxicity is the main limitation for the treatment of brain tumors using radiotherapy (RT). Megavoltage X-ray Mini … , valley, and mean doses. RESULTS: pMBRT achieves dosimetric superiority for tumors in the rostral cerebrum surrounded by highly heterogeneous tissue with one entry port. MBRT achieves optimal dose distributions in a two-beam configuration for deeper and more centered targets, where the reduced lateral spread of X-ray minibeams preserved dose heterogeneit …

Talamic Network Controllability предсказывает когнитивное расстройство при множественном склерозе.

Недавние исследования свидетельствуют о том, что лица с множественным склерозом (МС) и когнитивным расстройством демонстрируют более активные и менее эффективные изменения в деятельности сети мозга. Предыдущие исследования также свидетельствуют о возросшей уязвимости конкретных регионов, в частности таламуса, к ущербу, причиняемому болезнями. В ходе этого исследования изучается вопрос о том, влияет ли МЗ на контроль за конкретными областями мозга при переходе сети вождения по всему мозгу, и изучается взаимосвязь между этими изменениями и когнитивными нарушениями у пациентов. Функциональные МРТ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Recent research suggests that individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and cognitive impairment exhibit more effortful and less efficient tr … alamic damage in MS, aiming to demonstrate how this damage disrupts activity transitions across the cerebrum and may predict cognitive deficits. Our findings suggest that the thalamus in MS becomes less capable of facilitating broader brain activity transitions essential for high-energy-cost cognitive functions, implying a potential pathological mechanism …

In Vivo Efficacy of Rezafungin, Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin against Four Candida auris Clades in a Neutropenic Mouse Bloodstream Infection Model.

OBJECTIVES: Rezafungin is the first new drug approved to treat candidaemia and invasive candidiasis in more than 10 years. However, data are … cal isolate. All echinocandin-treated mice showed medium and/or large foci of fungal cells in their cerebrum or cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the C. auris clade, rezafungin activity in vivo was comparable to or improved over that of the three previously approved echinocandins.

Surface-based Analyses of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Relationship with Onset Subtypes.

PURPOSE: Here, we aimed to characterize the cortical and subcortical microstructural alterations in the brains of patients with amyotrophic … (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean kurtosis (MK) to assess intergroup differences over the cerebrum. We also carried out an atlas-based analysis focusing on Brodmann Area 4 and 6 (primary motor and premotor areas) and investigated the correlation between MRI metrics and clinical parameters. RESULTS: At both the mid-cortical and subcortical surfac …

Cerebral volume is unaffected after pre-eclampsia.

OBJECTIVES: Pre-eclampsia has been associated with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and/or psychological complaints. Signs of altered brain m … ortical CSF space volumes significantly increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric changes of the cerebrum are age-related but are independent of pre-eclamptic history in the first two decades after childbirth. No evidence of greater WMH load after pre-eclampsia was found. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley …

Perfusion heterogeneity of cerebral small vessel disease revealed via arterial spin labeling MRI and machine learning.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is associated with altered cerebral perfusion. However, global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) a … btype 2 exhibited decreased CBF in the right hemisphere of the brain, and increased CBF in the left cerebrum. Subtype 3 demonstrated decreased CBF in the posterior part of the brain, and increased CBF in anterior part of the brain. The three subtypes also differed significantly in gender (p = 0.005), the proportion of subjects with lacune (p = 0.002), with …

Comparison of physiological uptake of normal tissues in patients with cancer using 18F-FAPI-04 and 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT.

PURPOSE: To calculate the physiological uptake of various tissues in patients with cancer using 18F-AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 (18F-FAPI-04) and 18F-AlF-NOTA-FAPI-42 (18F-FAPI-42) PET/CT and to compare the variation in standard uptake values between the two scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 40 patients with cancer who underwent 18F-FAPI; the first 20 patients received 18F-FAPI-04 PET/CT and the remaining 20 patients received 18F-FAPI-42 PET/CT. A total of 49 normal tissues, including the brain (cerebrum/cerebellum), parotid and submandibular glands, palatine tonsils, an…

Case report: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia complicated by acute cerebral venous thrombosis and hemorrhage after AstraZeneca vaccines followed by Moderna COVID-19 vaccine booster and surgery.

Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a well-known complication of adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines including ChAdOx1 nCo … computed tomography (CT) was normal, but a repeated scan 10 h later revealed hemorrhage at the left cerebrum. Before the results of the blood smear were received, on suspicion of thrombotic microangiopathy with thrombocytopenia and thrombosis, plasmapheresis and pulse steroid therapy were initiated, followed by intravenous immunoglobulin (1 g/kg/day for tw …

Amyloid β and tau pathology in brains of aged pinniped species (sea lion, seal, and walrus).

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and hyper … entified around Aβ plaques. Aβ deposits were observed in the blood vessel walls of the meninges and cerebrum. Pinniped tau protein was physiologically subjected to alternative splicing at exons 2, 3, and 10, and presented as five isoforms: two 3-repeat tau isoforms (1N3R, 2N3R) and three 4-repeat tau isoforms (0N4R, 1N4R, 2N4R); 0N3R tau isoform was absent …

Cranial findings detected by second-trimester ultrasound in fetuses with myelomeningocele: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal intracranial findings are often detected at mid-trimester ultrasound (US) in fetuses with myelomeningocele (MMC). It is … lomegaly (45-89%), abnormal pointed shape of the occipital horn (77-78%), thinning of the posterior cerebrum, perinodular heterotopia (11%), abnormal gyration (3%), corpus callosum disorders (60%) and midline interhemispheric cyst (42%). CONCLUSIONS: We identified 14 cranial findings by second-trimester US in fetuses with MMC. The relatively high incidenc …

Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Fosmanogepix (APX001) in the Treatment of Candida Endophthalmitis and Hematogenous Meningoencephalitis in Nonneutropenic Rabbits.

Candida endophthalmitis is a serious sight-threatening complication of candidemia that may occur before or during antifungal therapy. Hemato … s in treatment and control groups. The tissue/plasma concentration ratios of manogepix in meninges, cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord were approximately 1:1, which correlated with a >102 to 104 decline of C. albicans in tissue versus control (P ≤ 0.05). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (1→3)-β-d-glucan levels demonstrated significant declines in res …

Brain-Wide Mapping of Afferent Inputs to Accumbens Nucleus Core Subdomains and Accumbens Nucleus Subnuclei.

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is the ventral part of the striatum and the interface between cognition, emotion, and action. It is composed of … nd vNAcC, respectively) and the NAc subnuclei. We found diverse brain regions, distributed from the cerebrum to brain stem, projecting to the NAc. Of the 57 brain regions projecting to the NAcC, the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) exhibited the greatest inputs. The input neurons of rNAcC and cNAcC are two distinct populations but share similar distributio …

Prognostic factors among single primary gliosarcoma cases: A study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 1973-2013.

BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors for single primary gliosarcoma (PGS) remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to examine pati … ontal lobe (20.9%, HR = 0.408, 95%CI = 0.231-0.720) which could achieve a better survival rate than cerebrum (P = .034). The mean age at diagnosis was 60.07 ± 14.161. The overall 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival was 55.40%, 29.58%, 10.01%, and 2.73%. Age at diagnosis was proved to be a significant predictor of overall survival (OS) (P < .001). …

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with intracranial metastasis: case presentation and systematic review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial metastasis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) is rare but presents unique treatment challenges. We present … ay). CONCLUSIONS: Of the 18 cases analyzed and our present case, metastasis typically involved the cerebrum with only one in infratentorial elements. The tumors in seven of the cases involved the dura, and one case metastasized to the pituitary. Eight patients died following treatment. Surgery remains the mainstay of intracranial metastatic GIST, however …

In Trauma-Exposed Individuals, Self-reported Hyperarousal and Sleep Architecture Predict Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Frontocortical and Paralimbic Regions.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reflect abnormalities in large-scale brain networks. In individuals with recent … . rs-FC measures of 5 fear-related seeds and 1 emotion regulatory seed with regions of the anterior cerebrum were correlated with PTSD symptoms, objective and subjective habitual sleep quality, and sleep architecture. RESULTS: Longer objective habitual sleep onset latency was associated with greater connectivity between fear-related seeds and other region …

Intraoperative measurement of intraventricular pressure in dogs with communicating internal hydrocephalus.

Collapse of the lateral cerebral ventricles after ventriculo-peritoneal drainage is a fatal complication in dogs with internal hydrocephalus … lar volume was calculated and expressed in relation to the total volume of the brain, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem (ventricle-brain index). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of the covariates "age", "gender", "duration of clinical signs", "body weight", and "ventricle-brain index" on intraventr …

Sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects and the mechanism of action of aqueous extracts of peanut stems and leaves in mice.

INTRODUCTION: Peanut stems and leaves (PSL) have traditionally been used as both a special food and a herbal medicine in Asia. The sedative- … ic effects of aqueous extracts of PSL. Furthermore, neurotransmitter levels in three brain regions (cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem) were determined using UHPLC coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QQQ-MS) in order to elucidate the exact mechanism of action. RESULTS: Aqueous extract of PSL at a dose of 500 mg kg-1 (based on previous …

Prognostic and Mechanistic Factors Characterizing Seizure-Associated Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis.

BACKGROUND: Crossed cerebellar diaschisis is a rare finding of hemispheric cerebellar depression following contralateral cerebral injury, hy … ted pronounced right cerebral and left cerebellar atrophy, loss of gray matter in much of the right cerebrum, and scattered areas of T2 hyperintensity, consistent with permanent right fronto-temporal neuronal loss. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these observations indicate that imaging findings of persistent cerebral restricted diffusion and cytotoxic edema i …

Delays in Motor Development in Children with Down Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Children with Down syndrome (DS) present with delays in motor development. The reduced size of the cerebrum, brain maturation disorders, and pathophysiological processes lead to motor development delay. The aim of this study was to examine the gross motor function and estimate what motor abilities are significantly delayed in children with Down syndrome even if they attend physical therapy sessions. Another purpose of the study was to assess the functional balance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 79 children with DS (42 boys, 37 girls), average age 6 years and 3…

Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinicopathological features, survival and treatment outcome in two cancer centers of southern Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of primary extranodal non-Hodgki … ted the most common site (51/100, 51%), followed by gastrointestinal tract (GIL) (37/100, 37%), and cerebrum (CL) (5/100, 5%). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common histological type, observed in 53% of patients, followed by marginal zone extranodal lymphoma (13%). Most of patients (76%) received a CHOP containing regimen. Complete remi …