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From bench to bedside: the application of cannabidiol in glioma.

Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in central nervous system, with significant health burdens to patients. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of glioma and the lack of breakthroughs in treatment modalities, the prognosis for most patients remains poor. This results in a heavy psychological and financial load worldwide. In recent years, cannabidiol (CBD) has garnered widespread attention and research due to its anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the preclinical and clinical research on the use of CBD in glioma therapy

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… Additionally, certain anti-glioma medications, such as etoposide and irinotecan, are metabolized by CYP3A4, and CBD may impact their metabolic clearance, thereby affecting their anticancer efficacy [ 110 , 111 ]. … Relevance of CYP3A4*20, UGT1A1*37 and UGT1A1*28 variants in irinotecan-induced severe toxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(6):1389–1392. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13574. 112. Holland ML, Panetta JA, Hoskins JM, Bebawy M, Roufogalis BD, Allen JD, et al. …

Intestinal barrier functions in hematologic and oncologic diseases.

The intestinal barrier is a complex structure that not only regulates the influx of luminal contents into the systemic circulation but is also involved in immune, microbial, and metabolic homeostasis. Evidence implicating disruption in intestinal barrier functions in the development of many systemic diseases, ranging from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to autism, or systemic complications of intestinal disorders has increased rapidly in recent years, raising the possibility of the intestinal barrier as a potential target for therapeutic intervention to alter the course and mitigate the complica

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… For example, oxaliplatin and irinotecan interfere with TJ formation [ 73 , 74 ] to increase the intestinal permeability. Both chemotherapeutic agents are used commonly as part of the regimens for treating colon cancer. … Irinotecan disrupts tight junction proteins within the gut: implications for chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014;15:236–244. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27222. 75. Beutheu Youmba S, Belmonte L, Galas L, Boukhettala N, Bôle-Feysot C, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. …

Cardiac Interventions in Patients With Active, Advanced Solid and Hematologic Malignancies: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.

Invasive cardiac interventions are recommended to treat ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, multivessel coronary disease, severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, and cardiomyopathy. These recommendations are based on randomized controlled trials that historically included few individuals with active, advanced malignancies. Advanced malignancies represent a significant competing risk for mortality, and there is limited evidence to inform the risks and benefits of invasive cardiac interventions in affected patients. We review the benefit con

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… ADT = androgen deprivation therapy; FOLFIRI = leucovorin, folinic acid, 5-fluoro-uracil and irinotecan; PARP = poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose); PD-L1 = programmed death-ligand; SCT = stem cell transplantation; T-DM1 = trastuzumab emtansine; other abbreviations as in Table 2 . … Table 3 Therapeutic Milestones in Select, Common Advanced Malignancies and Associated Prognosis ADT = androgen deprivation therapy; FOLFIRI = leucovorin, folinic acid, 5-fluoro-uracil and irinotecan; PARP = poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose); PD-L1 = programmed death-ligand; SCT = stem cell transplantation …

Systemic Sclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic, immune-mediated chronic disorder characterized by small vessel alterations and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The combination of a predisposing genetic background and triggering factors that causes a persistent activation of immune system at microvascular and tissue level is thought to be the pathogenetic driver of SSc. Endothelial alterations with subsequent myofibroblast activation, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and unrestrained tissue fibrosis are the pathogenetic steps responsible for the clinical manifestati

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… Abituzumab combined with cetuximab plus irinotecan versus cetuximab plus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: The randomised phase I/II POSEIDON trial. Ann. Oncol. 2015;26:132–140. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdu474. …

Expert consensus on the clinical application of antibody-drug conjugates in the treatment of malignant tumors (2021 edition).

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted biological agents composed of a cytotoxic drug linked to a monoclonal antibody through a linker. The monoclonal antibody targets tumor cells and transports small-molecule cytotoxic drugs for specific delivery and minimal off-target side effects. It is necessary for clinicians to understand the molecular characteristics and mechanisms of ADCs. Patients' survival mainly depends on the appropriate dose and course of treatment and also on proper management of adverse reactions. This consensus provides a systematic review of commercially available ADCs a

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… anti‐HER2 therapies for metastatic disease Locally advanced or metastatic HER2‐positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma who had received trastuzumab | Approved in the United States in 2019 Approved in EU in 2021 Sacituzumab govitecan‐hziy | TROP‐2 | SN‐38, the active metabolite of irinotecan … Sacituzumab govitecan‐hziy (SG) SG (IMMU‐132) is an ADC generated by binding of SN‐38 (an active metabolite of irinotecan) to hRS7 specifically, which is an antibody against trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP‐2), with a high drug‐to‐antibody ratio. …

Clinical Trials of Liposomes in Children's Anticancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Trials Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.

ObjectiveClinical trials have become essential for driving the development of medicine. However, little is known about the current status of clinical trials on liposomes in children's anticancer therapy (LCAT). This study aimed to synthesize current finding from clinical trials of LCAT in ClinicalTrials.gov.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study of clinical trials on LCAT was conducted, using studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov through December 30, 2021.ResultsA total of 74 eligible trials were identified, accounting for 4.8% (74/1552) of all trials on liposomes for cancer therapy. Am

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… 5702198 | 1 mg/mL | Platinum Compounds/Inorganic Chemicals Cytarabine (4) | 6253 | 1 × 10 6 mg/L at 25 °C | Nucleosides/Nucleic Acids Daunorubicin (3) | 30323 | 3.0 × 10 4 mg/L at 25 °C | Anthracyclines/Organic Chemicals Doxorubicin (32) | 31703 | 2600 mg/L at 25 °C | Anthracyclines/Organic Chemicals Irinotecan …

The Cancer Antioxidant Regulation System in Therapeutic Resistance.

Antioxidants play a pivotal role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to induce oxidative stress. In the context of cancer development, cancer cells adeptly maintain elevated levels of both ROS and antioxidants through a process termed "redox reprogramming". This balance optimizes the proliferative influence of ROS while simultaneously reducing the potential for ROS to cause damage to the cell. In some cases, the adapted antioxidant machinery can hamper the efficacy of treatments for neoplastic diseases, representing a significant facet of the resistance mechanisms ob

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… GSTs can also promote the detoxification of other chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, and irinotecan, by catalyzing conjugating reactions, and different classes of GSTs (with high polymorphism and consisting of different subunits) have varying selectivity … NLRP3 activity | Brain metastases (combination with whole-brain radiotherapy)/high-grade glioma (combination with radiotherapy and temozolomide)/advanced cancers | Phase I/II, completed | NCT01359982 [ 278 ] NCT02518958 [ 279 ] NCT02215512 [ 280 ] NCT02871843 [ 281 ] Metastatic CRC (combination with irinotecan …

Molecular Targeting of the BRAF Proto-Oncogene/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway across Cancers.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is essential for cellular proliferation, growth, and survival. Constitutive activation of this pathway by BRAF mutations can cause downstream activation of kinases, leading to uncontrolled cellular growth and carcinogenesis. Therefore, inhibition of BRAF and the downstream substrate MEK has been shown to be effective in controlling tumor growth and proliferation. Over the last decade, several BRAF and MEK inhibitors have been investigated, ranging from primarily melanoma to various cancer types with BRAF alterations. This subsequently led to

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… BEACON CRC 2019 [ 36 , 37 ] | III | BRAFV600E -mutated mCRC, treatment-naive | 220 | encorafenib + cetuximab | 4.3 | 9.3 | 20 | - | 8 April 2020 for encorafenib and cetuximab for mCRC 224 | encorafenib + cetuximab + binimetinib | 4.5 | 9.3 | 26 | - 221 | cetuximab + irinotecan or cetuximab + FOLFIRI … Encorafenib and cetuximab groups have a better median OS of 8.4 months compared to 5.4 months in the control group (irinotecan with cetuximab or FOLFIRI (5 fluorouracil and irinotecan) with cetuximab) (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45–0.79; p = 0.0003), with an improved ORR of 20% compared with 2% in the control …

Гут Микробиота Нарушение гематологовой терапии рака: Молекулярное понимание и последствия для эффективности лечения.

Гематологическая магнелезность (ГМ), включая лейкемию, лимфому и множественные миеломы, связана с бесконтрольным распространением аномальных кровеносных клеток, что создает серьезные клинические проблемы из-за их неоднородности и различных методов лечения. Несмотря на недавние достижения в области лечения, благодаря которым повысились показатели выживаемости, особенно в случае хронической лимфоцитической лейкемии и острой лимфоболической лейкемии, такие методы лечения, как химиотерапия и трансплантация стволовых клеток, часто нарушают микробиоту, что может негативно сказаться на результатах ле

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… For instance, in drugs like irinotecan (CPT-11) and diclofenac, bacterial β-glucuronidases remove glucuronide groups from drug metabolites, damaging the intestinal epithelium and intensifying gastrointestinal toxicity such as diarrhea [ 79 ]. … Drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, methotrexate, capecitabine, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin are known to cause side effects like mucositis, diarrhea, febrile processes, and pneumonia, which are often linked to changes in gut bacteria [ 106 ]. …

Novel therapies emerging in oncology to target the TGF-β pathway.

The TGF-β signaling pathway governs key cellular processes under physiologic conditions and is deregulated in many pathologies, including cancer. TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that acts in a cell- and context-dependent manner as a tumor promoter or tumor suppressor. As a tumor promoter, the TGF-β pathway enhances cell proliferation, migratory invasion, metastatic spread within the tumor microenvironment and suppresses immunosurveillance. Collectively, the pleiotropic nature of TGF-β signaling contributes to drug resistance, tumor escape and undermines clinical response to therapy. Based

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… Gem/docetaxel Chemotherapy (Part A) + Temozolomide/ Irinotecan II (Part B) NCT03842865 Vigil Vaccine Expanded Access Trial of Vigil (Bi-shRNAfurin and GMCSF Augmented Autologous Tumor Cell Immunotherapy) in Advanced Solid Tumors including Ewing's sarcoma, Ewing's tumor metastatic, Ewing's sarcoma metastatic … Gem/docetaxel | Chemotherapy | | | | (Part A) | + Temozolomide/ Irinotecan | | | | II | (Part B) NCT03842865 | Vigil | Vaccine | Expanded Access Trial of Vigil (Bi-shRNAfurin and GMCSF Augmented Autologous Tumor Cell Immunotherapy) in Advanced Solid Tumors including Ewing's sarcoma, Ewing's tumor …

Pharmacogenomics and Big Data in medical oncology: developments and challenges.

Medical oncology, through conventional chemotherapy as well as targeted drugs, remains an important component of cancer patient management, particularly for systemic disease. Despite advances in all areas of medical oncology, certain challenges persist in the form of drug resistance and severe normal tissue toxicity. These unwanted effects can be counteracted through a patient-tailored treatment approach, which in chemotherapy is translated as pharmacogenomics. This research field investigates the way genetic makeup influences a patient's response to various drugs with the aim to minimize tria

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… cytotoxin; DNA damage | Wide-ranging cancers | 8 , 9 Nitrosoureas (similar to alkylating agents) | Carmustine, Lomustine Semustin, Streptozocin | Inhibit DNA repair; they can cross the blood–brain barrier thus are useful for brain tumours | Brain | 10 , 11 Topoisomerase inhibitors (plant alkaloids) | Irinotecan … classifications according to PharmGKB ® database (Stanford University) and the Medline/Embase databases for the literature reporting on cost-effectiveness or cost-minimizations studies. 93 Within the 35 studies meeting the above criteria, some of the most common chemotherapeutic agents: fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan …

Contemporary Perspectives on the Warburg Effect Inhibition in Cancer Therapy.

In the 1920s, Otto Warburg observed the phenomenon of altered glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Although the initial hypothesis suggested that the alteration resulted from mitochondrial damage, multiple studies of the subject revealed a precise, multistage process rather than a random pattern. The phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis emerges not only from mitochondrial abnormalities common in cancer cells, but also results from metabolic reprogramming beneficial for their sustenance. The Warburg effect enables metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to grow and proliferate, simultaneously enabling

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… A recent study showed that a combination of YC-1, a hydrophobic compound, with the anti-cancer drug irinotecan, which is a hydrophile, in one amphiphilic molecule, resulted in the creation of a 5.7-fold more effective anti-cancer drug. 66 This study also shows that overcoming hypoxia conditions can be … Promoting antitumor efficacy by suppressing hypoxia via nano self-assembly of two irinotecan-based dual drug conjugates having a HIF-1α inhibitor . J Mater Chem B . 2019 ; 7 ( 35 ): 5352 – 5362 . doi: 10.1039/c9tb00541b 31402355 67 Chen Q Lin W Yin Z , et al. …

The roles of curcumin in regulating the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Cancer is a harmful threat to human health. In addition to surgery, a variety of anticancer drugs are increasingly used in cancer therapy; however, despite the developments in multimodality treatment, the morbidity and mortality of patients with cancer patients are on the increase. The tumor-specific immunosuppressive microenvironment serves an important function in tumor tolerance and escape from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Therefore, identifying new drugs or foods that can enhance the tumor immune response is critical to develop improved cancer prevention methods and tr

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… Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine, show a decline in efficacy during colorectal cancer therapy and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to influence this process ( 51 ). … Curcumin attenuates resistance to irinotecan via induction of apoptosis of cancer stem cells in chemoresistant colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2018;53:1343–1353. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4461. 52. Zhou QM, Sun Y, Lu YY, Zhang H, Chen QL, Su SB. …

The future of NMR metabolomics in cancer therapy: towards personalizing treatment and developing targeted drugs?

There has been a recent shift in how cancers are defined, where tumors are no longer simply classified by their tissue origin, but also by their molecular characteristics. Furthermore, personalized medicine has become a popular term and it could start to play an important role in future medical care. However, today, a "one size fits all" approach is still the most common form of cancer treatment. In this mini-review paper, we report on the role of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics in drug development and in personalized medicine. NMR spectroscopy has successfully been used to evalu

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… For patients, blood was collected prior to the initiation of third-line treatment, consisting of a combination of Cetuximab and Irinotecan. Cancer patients and healthy controls were clearly distinguished from each other by multivariate statistical analysis of the spectral data ( Figure 5 a). … This study was part of a phase II trial studying the effects of the Cetuximab/Irinotecan combination treatment [ 92 ]. …

Mapping the function of MicroRNAs as a critical regulator of tumor-immune cell communication in breast cancer and potential treatment strategies.

Among women, breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer, and the presence of metastases significantly reduces prognosis and diminishes overall survival rates. Gaining insights into the biological mechanisms governing the conversion of cancer cells, their subsequent spread to other areas of the body, and the immune system's monitoring of tumor growth will contribute to the advancement of more efficient and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor cells' evasion of the immune system and p

Engineering with Biomedical Sciences Changing the Horizon of Healthcare-A Review.

In the dynamic realm of healthcare, the convergence of engineering and biomedical sciences has emerged as a pivotal frontier. In this review we go into specific areas of innovation, including medical imaging and diagnosis, developments in biomedical sensors, and drug delivery systems. Wearable biosensors, non-wearable biosensors, and biochips, which include gene chips, protein chips, and cell chips, are all included in the scope of the topic that pertains to biomedical sensors. Extensive research is conducted on drug delivery systems, spanning topics such as the integration of computer modelin

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… Doxorubicin hydrochloride Liposome Teva Pharmaceuticals Breast cancer 45 DepoDur 2020 Morphine sulfate Liposome Pacira BioSciences Pain management 46 Abraxane 2020 Paclitaxel Albumin-bound nanoparticle Bristol-Myers Squibb Breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer 47 Onivyde 2020 Irinotecan … | Teva Pharmaceuticals | Breast cancer 45 | DepoDur | 2020 | Morphine sulfate | Liposome | Pacira BioSciences | Pain management 46 | Abraxane | 2020 | Paclitaxel | Albumin-bound nanoparticle | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer 47 | Onivyde | 2020 | Irinotecan …

Value of influenza vaccines in cancer patients during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundAccording to the recommendation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), getting influenza vaccines during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemics is especially important for people with certain underlying medical conditions, like cancer. Due to the similarities between the symptoms of influenza and COVID-19, receiving the flu vaccine in suspicious cases can be helpful because it will make it easier to request a medical test and diagnosis. In this study, the value of influenza vaccination in the cancer population was investigated.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, all ca

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… taxotere-epirubicin-cyclophosphamide; PVC procarbazine-lomustine-vincristine; Carb carboplatin; Av Avastin (bevacizumab); Tax paclitaxel; Doxo doxorubicin; Chlo chlorambucil; Folfox folinic acid (leucovorin)-fluorouracil (5FU)-oxaliplatin (Eloxatin); 5FU 5-fluorouracil; Folfiri leucovorin calcium (folinic acid)-fluorouracil-irinotecan …

Keyword Index for Volume 107

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… 575, 1159, 1644, 1908, 2005, Indonesia 772 infection 931, 1163 inflammation 1534 inflammation-based prognostic score 988 inhibin B 1833 inhibitor 53 INRG 1418 integrin α v β 3 713 integrins 847 interviews as topic/methods 1051 inulin-type fructans 1337 invasion 129, 713, 739, 1374, 1969 irinotecan …

Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with hematological diseases experience at a university hospital in northeast Mexico.

BackgroundComplementary and alternative medicine includes a diverse group of medical and healthcare systems, practices and products not considered part of conventional medicine. Although there is information on unconventional practices in oncological diseases, specific data regarding the use of complementary and alternative medicine by hematology patients is scarce.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to document the prevalence of this modality of unconventional therapy in patients with malignant and benign hematological diseases, particularly children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.MethodsAn

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… affect the liver function which is already threatened by chemotherapeutic agents; they can also cause severe myelosuppression, hemostatic defects and impairment of renal function. ( 12 ) There have been reports that the pharmacokinetics of agents such as imatinib are affected and the plasma levels of irinotecan …

Keyword Index for Volume 105

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… 177 incompleteness 170 India 723 infants 1940 insulin resistance 1424 insulin-like 1 growth factor receptor 649 interaction 996 interleukin-6 1370 international 1788 interpreter 918 intestine 1253 intetumumab 346 invasion 231, 534, 1030, 1582, 1750 invasive ductal carcinoma 698, 1203 irinotecan …