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Shortage of plasma-derived medicinal products: what is next? narrative literature review on its causes and counteracting policies in Italy.

Introduction: This paper describes the peculiarities of the plasma-derived medicinal product (PDMP) market and illustrates the results of a review of the literature on policies aimed at counteracting the shortage of PDMPs. Characteristics of PDMPs: Plasma is primarily used for the industrial production of blood products (80%). The demand for PDMPs, particularly immunoglobulins (IGs), is increasing. However, the production of PDMPs is complex, long (7-12 months), and expensive, accounting, according to US estimates, for 57% of the total costs of PDMPs compared to 14% for small molecules. PDMP m

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… Price discrimination is generally not acceptable in the healthcare sector, and third-party payers—namely, the government, social insurance, and private insurance—cover healthcare costs, collecting resources through taxes, payroll taxes, and insurance premiums, respectively. …

Cancer prevention programmes in Mexico: are we doing enough?

Cancer has increased in all the countries of the world and Mexico is no exception. The recognised risk factors for the main types of cancer are reviewed and searched through the Mexican government web pages and cancer prevention programmes to tackle the risk factors in the population. The Mexican government, a member of the World Health Organization, shows that the main approach is an early diagnosis rather than prevention, forgetting that an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure. Effective public programmes should be promoted to reduce preventable risk factors in the population (

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… An increase in the price of tobacco products through taxes is the most effective measure to reduce its consumption [ 18 ]. It has been estimated that a 10% increase in the price has reduced the use of tobacco by 4% in high-income countries and by 8% in middle-income countries [ 19 ]. … On the other hand, the tax payment law on sugary drinks and foods of high caloric density was implemented, with the purpose of raising the final cost of these products for the consumer and in doing so reduce their consumption [ 99 , 100 , 7 , 8 ]. …

Abnormalities in alternative splicing of angiogenesis-related genes and their role in HIV-related cancers.

Alternative splicing of mRNA leads to an increase in proteome biodiversity by allowing the generation of multiple mRNAs, coding for multiple protein isoforms of various structural and functional properties from a single primary pre-mRNA transcript. The protein isoforms produced are tightly regulated in normal development but are mostly deregulated in various cancers. In HIV-infected individuals with AIDS, there is an increase in aberrant alternative splicing, resulting in an increase in HIV/AIDS-related cancers, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cervical cancer. This aberra

Delivering bad news in clinical hematology: a personal perspective.

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Transplant Programs in APBMT: Blood and Marrow Transplant Activity Report from Myanmar APBMT Meeting 2018, Taiwan.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was introduced in Myanmar in 2014 and was first performed in a patient with multiple myeloma at the North Okkalapa General and Teaching Hospital. From 2014 to 2016,transplantation activities were in the preliminary stage of establishing the infrastructure and gradually developing capacity-building. In 2016, the Yangon General Hospital also commenced autologous transplantation for myeloma. Five autologous transplants were performed in Myanmar during 2016 in patients with myeloma, using high-dose melphalan and non-cryopreserved peripheral blood stem

Paradoxes of hematology: When the old disappears and the new does not arrive.

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… In rich countries, the ‘renewal’ of technology is part of the strategic process of the pharmaceutical industry that recompenses the nation with taxes, jobs and dividends to shareholders. 3 , 4 For us, people from low- and middle-income countries, the shortage of old and effective drugs is a serious threat …

Exploration of the quantitative-effectiveness association between acupuncture temporal parameters and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BackgroundChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the commonly reported symptoms impacting cancer survivors. This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of acupuncture treatments for CIPN.MethodsWe searched six databases from their inception to August 2024 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Primary outcome were pain scores. Secondary outcomes were quality of life including FACT/GOG-Ntx and EORTC QLQ-C30. The robust error meta-regression (REMR) method was used to evaluate the dose-response relationship across treatment parameters, including num

Adoptive T-cell therapy for Leukemia.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is the most robust form of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) and has been tremendously effective in the treatment of leukemia. It is one of the original forms of cancer immunotherapy and illustrates that lymphocytes can specifically recognize and eliminate aberrant, malignant cells. However, because of the high morbidity and mortality that is associated with alloSCT including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), refining the anti-leukemia immunity of alloSCT to target distinct antigens that mediate the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect could transform

Advances of HDAC inhibitors in tumor therapy: potential applications through immune modulation.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi) have garnered considerable attention due to their potential in treating various types of malignant tumors. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) not only influence chromatin structure and gene transcription by regulating histone acetylation status but also acetylate various non-histone proteins. They are widely involved in several key biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, and immune responses. HDACi exert their effects by inhibiting HDAC activity; however, these effects are highly concentration-dependent and non

Каннабиноиды в условиях хронической боли: обзор истории, эффективности, применения и рисков.

Справочная информация/цели: Хроническая боль по-прежнему является широко распространенной и сложной проблемой в области здравоохранения, которая зачастую является устойчивой к обычным методам лечения, таким, как опиоиды, которые сопряжены со значительным риском зависимости и неблагоприятных последствий. Каннабиноиды, биоактивные соединения, полученные на заводе Cannabis Sativa, и их синтетические аналоги стали потенциальной альтернативой обезболиванию, используя их взаимодействие с эндоканнабиноидной системой для модуляции боли и воспаления. Методы: Были рассмотрены и обобщены нынешняя, развив

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… At the federal level, the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 imposed taxes on the production, distribution, and possession of cannabis, even for research purposes, effectively ending its use in the United States [ 15 ]. …

Symptom burden and quality of life in advanced head and neck cancer patients: AIIMS study of 100 patients

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SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and Construction Industry: insights from Italian data.

Construction industry (CoI) has been severely affected by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic since its onset, as it delayed or even halted construction projects, either directly or indirectly, through interruption of the supply chain, or shortage of workers (1). Moreover, Construction Workers (CW) has been associated with high level of infection and hospitalization (2-3). Albeit CoI and its workforce globally share several characteristics (e.g. relatively low socio-economic status and education level; high share of migrant workforce and/or ethnic minorities; often inappropriate adherence to up-to-date health

The Danish National Multiple Myeloma Registry.

AimThe Danish National Multiple Myeloma Registry (DMMR) is a population-based clinical quality database established in January 2005. The primary aim of the database is to ensure that diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell dyscrasia are of uniform quality throughout the country. Another aim is to support research. Patients are registered with their unique Danish personal identification number, and the combined use of DMMR, other Danish National registries, and the Danish National Cancer Biobank offers a unique platform for population-based translational research.Study populationAll newly diagno

Patient Perspectives on Palliative Care Outreach to Adults Living With Homelessness.

ImportancePeople experiencing homelessness face higher rates of early mortality, multimorbidity, and unmet needs at the end of life, but despite these risks, they often encounter systemic barriers to accessing palliative care. Outreach-based models have emerged to address this gap, yet little is known about how these models are perceived by those receiving care.ObjectiveTo evaluate a palliative care outreach intervention, the Palliative Education and Care for the Homeless (PEACH) program, from the perspective of patients living with homelessness and life-limiting illness.Design, setting, and p

Trends in early-onset cancer incidence rates in the Nordic countries (2003-2022): a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Increasing incidence rates of early-onset cancer at ages 20-49 years have been reported in several countries, especially for colorectal, kidney and breast cancer. We examined recent incidence trends of early-onset cancer in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands across 18 major cancer sites and compared to trends at ages 50-84 years. METHODS: We utilised the NORDCAN database comprising incident cancer cases among individuals aged 20-84 years during 2003-2022. Age-standardised (Nordic population 2000) incidence rates (ASR) per 100,000 person-year

Множественная миелома у людей трудоспособного возраста в Германии, Польше и Чехии: результаты качественного исследования.

ЦЕЛЬ: Цель исследования состояла в том, чтобы понять опыт взрослых трудоспособного возраста с миеломой и их партнерами/членами семьи, проживающими в Германии, Чешской Республике и Польше. МЕТОДЫ: КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНЫЕ СООБРАЖЕНИЯ 36 взрослых трудоспособного возраста, живущих с миеломой, и three Члены семьи. Данные были собраны в период с мая по октябрь 2022. К данным был применен тематический анализ. Результаты: Описано медицинское обслуживание и государственная поддержка в каждой стране. Степень участия в трудовой деятельности зависит от бремени симптомов пациентов, потребностей в лечении, государс

Влияние корпоративного управления и вознаграждения ГАС на стратегии капитализации банков и решения о выплате компенсации в период шоковых колебаний доходов.

UNLABELELED: Цель этого исследования состоит в том, чтобы изучить вопросы корпоративного управления и вознаграждения исполнительного директора с учетом стратегий капитализации банков и политики выплат в пакистанском банковском контексте. Данные были получены из финансовых ведомостей банков, зарегистрированных на пакистанской фондовой бирже 2005 в адрес 2020. Результаты исследования показали, что механизмы корпоративного управления, поощряющие интересы акционеров банка, связаны со стратегиями низкой капитализации. Размер совета директоров оказывает значительное влияние на капитализацию банков.

The Challenges of Outcomes-Based Contract Implementation for Medicines in Europe.

ObjectivesThe aim was to outline the challenges of implementing outcomes-based contracts (OBCs) in Europe.MethodsA scoping review was conducted, building on the searches of a previous systematic review and updating them for December 2017 until May 2021. The combined results were screened, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All identified studies published in the English language that described specific OBC schemes for medicines in European countries were included. Insights into the challenges of OBCs were extracted and analysed to develop a conceptual framework.ResultsTen articles from

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… legal context: disparities in laws and regulations between countries and regions | ‘[T]he way in which healthcare is organized and funded and the way decisions are made differ between countries and may impact the feasibility of some strategies’ [ 13 ] Fiscal: discrepancy between payment cycles and taxes … Reimbursement may occur in a different tax year, creating fiscal and accrual challenges for all stakeholders [ 14 ], including government treasury departments [ 18 ]. …

Do payers value rarity? An analysis of the relationship between disease rarity and orphan drug prices in Europe.

Background and Objective: Orphan drugs have been a highlight of discussions due to their higher prices than non-orphan drugs. There is currently no European consensus on the method of value assessment for orphan drugs. This study assessed the relationship between the prevalence of rare diseases and the annual treatment cost of orphan drugs in France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and UK. Methods: Approved orphan drugs and prevalence data were extracted from the European Medicines Agency website. Annual treatment costs were calculated using ex-factory price. Simple regression was used

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… Publication Year Geographical scope Number of orphan drugs analysed Methodology Results: correlation between annual treatment cost and disease prevalence Alcimed [ 36 ] 2005 France 10 Public price including taxes (PPIT) used Inverse Messori et al. [ 37 ] 2010 Italy 17 Non-cancer orphan drugs included … Publication | Year | Geographical scope | Number of orphan drugs analysed | Methodology | Results: correlation between annual treatment cost and disease prevalence Alcimed [ 36 ] | 2005 | France | 10 | Public price including taxes (PPIT) used | Inverse Messori et al. [ 37 ] | 2010 | Italy | 17 | Non-cancer …

Dysregulation of JAK-STAT pathway in hematological malignancies and JAK inhibitors for clinical application.

JAK-STAT (Janus associated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway plays a critical role in transduction of extracellular signals from cytokines and growth factors involved in hematopoiesis, immune regulation, fertility, lactation, growth and embryogenesis. JAK family contains four cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, JAK1-3 and Tyk2. Seven STAT proteins have been identified in human cells, STAT1-6, including STAT5a and STAT5b. Negative regulators of JAK-STAT pathways include tyrosine phosphatases (SHP1 and 2, CD45), protein inhibitors of activated STATs (PIAS), suppressors o