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Effect of Paclobutrazol Application on Enhancing the Efficacy of Nitenpyram against the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most destructive rice pests in Asia. It has already developed a high level of resistance to many commonly used insecticides including nitenpyram (NIT), which is a main synthetic insecticide that is used to control BPH with a much shorter persistence compared to other neonicotinoid insecticides. Recently, we found that an exogenous supplement of paclobutrazol (PZ) could significantly enhance the efficacy of NIT against BPH, and the molecular mechanism underlying this synergistic effect was explored. The results showed that the addit…

Toxicity and sublethal effects of diafenthiuron on life table parameters of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

Housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is an important insect-pest owing to its disease transmitting capability in both humans and animals e.g. diarrhea, gastroenteritis diseases, lumpy skin disease, cholera. Residual insecticides are widely used to control houseflies that pose serious threat to human and animal health as well as to the environment. The population resurgence after insecticidal spray is also a common problem in many cases. Transgenerational studies can be very helpful to see the fate of insecticidal sprays. In the current study, we determined transgenerational effect…

Longitudinal Study of Thyroid Hormones between Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand.

Many pesticides are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can interfere with hormone levels. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal impac … ed to compare between conventional and organic farmers or the impact of cumulative days of spraying insecticides, herbicides or fungicides. The estimated marginal means of the thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT3, T3, and T4) estimated from the linear mixed models were significantly higher among the conventional farmers than organic farmers. As cumulative spray da …

Active dispersal of Triatoma infestans and other triatomines in the Argentinean arid Chaco before and after vector control interventions.

Peridomestic structures are considered the main sites where Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) remain and disperse, representing the first risk factor for intradomestic invasion, even after vector control activities. This study analyzed T. infestans dispersal during vector control interventions in six rural houses of the arid Chaco (La Rioja, Argentina). Flying and walking dispersers were captured during five months of two consecutive warm seasons after insecticide spraying of intra- and peridomiciles. These data were compared with previous published data in the same scenario but witho

Spinosad Induces Antioxidative Response and Ultrastructure Changes in Males of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae).

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is of great concern worldwide, especially in the Middle East, where dates are a strategic crop. Despite their ecological hazard, insecticides remain the most effective means of control. A bioinsecticide of bacterial origin, spinosad is effective against several pests, and its efficacy against male R. ferrugineus was assessed in the present study. The antioxidative responses of key enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) to spinosad were investigated in the midgut and testes, and the effect…

Factors limiting the domestic density of Triatoma infestans in north-west Argentina: a longitudinal study.

Reported are the environmental and demographic risk factors associated with the domestic infestation and density of Triatoma infestans in three heavily infested rural villages in Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina. In a one-factor unadjusted analysis, the number of T. infestans captured per person-hour was associated significantly and negatively with the use of domestic insecticides by householders, type of thatch used in the roofs and the age of the house; and positively with the following: degree of cracking of the indoor walls and presence of hens nesting indoors. In one model, using m…

Synergistic transition from type-I-like to type-II-like symptomology in a pyrethroid mixture and its impact on knockdown-mortality relationships in Musca domestica L.

BACKGROUND: Knockdown effect, especially in pyrethroid-based household and public insecticides, is often considered a practical indicator of insecticidal efficacy. However, whether faster knockdown implies lethality remains uncertain because the relationship between the two effects has not been systematically explored. This study examined whether knockdown speed is associated with mortality across type-I pyrethroids, type-II pyrethroids, and organophosphate insecticides in the house fly. RESULTS: For type-I pyrethroids, faster knockdown did not predict higher mortality. Early knockdown did no…

Куркумин влияет на синтез хитина в Aedes aegypti: вычислительное и экспериментальное исследование.

На протяжении всей истории трансмиссивые заболевания неизменно создавали серьезные проблемы для здоровья человека. В рамках стратегий борьбы с переносчиками химических инсектицидов с момента их создания широко применяются. Тем не менее их эффективность постоянно подрывается устойчивым ростом резистентности к инсектицидам среди этих переносчиков. Спрос на более надежные, эффективные и рентабельные природные инсектициды как таковые становится все более насущным. Одним из многообещающих направлений исследований является шитин, который является важнейшим структурным компонентом экзоскелетов комаро

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Throughout history, vector-borne diseases have consistently posed significant challenges to human health. Among the strategies for vector control, chemical insecticides have seen widespread use since their inception. Nevertheless, their effectiveness is continually undermined by the steady growth of insecticide resistance within these vector populations. As …

Synergism of Adjuvants Mixed With Spinetoram for the Management of Bean Flower Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Cowpeas.

The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) is an economically important insect pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp in south China. Spinetoram is a newly available commercial active ingredient in the spinosyn mode of action group of insecticides that has been recommended for thrips management in China. In this study, the toxicity and efficacy of spinetoram for controlling M. usitatus were evaluated and compared to six other conventional insecticides. In addition, the synergistic effects of adjuvants (Silwet 806, Silwet 618, AgroSpred 910, and AgroSpred Prime) mixed with s…

Laccase-Driven Transformation of High Priority Pesticides Without Redox Mediators: Towards Bioremediation of Contaminated Wastewaters.

In this study, Pleurotus dryinus was grown on municipal biosolids (BS) as the substrate to produce laccase for the removal of pesticides (fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides) from wastewater. Among the various types of BS tested, sterilized biosolids were the most promising substrate for laccase production by P. dryinus with a maximal laccase activity (162.1 ± 21.1 U/g dry substrate), followed by hygenized biosolids (96.7 ± 17.6 U/g dry substrate), unsterilized biosolids (UBS) (31.9 ± 1.2 U/g dry substrate), and alkali-treated biosolids (8.2 ± 0.4 U/g dry substrate). The ultrasound-assist…

Locomotory and physiological responses induced by clove and cinnamon essential oils in the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais.

Plant essential oils have been suggested as a suitable alternative for controlling stored pests worldwide. However, very little is known about the physiological or behavioral responses induced by these compounds in insect populations that are resistant to traditional insecticides. Thus, this investigation evaluated the toxicity (including the impacts on population growth) as well as the locomotory and respiratory responses induced by clove, Syzygium aromaticum L., and cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum L., essential oils in Brazilian populations of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. We used pop…

Larvicidal properties of simalikalactone D from Quassia africana (Simaroubaceae) Baill and Baill, on the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.

BACKGROUND: Botanical and microbial insecticides have been increasingly used for the control of mosquito given their efficacy and documented nontoxic effects on non-target organisms. The discovery of new insecticides is imperative because of the development of resistance by the mosquitoes to the readily available insecticides. The aim of this study was therefore to isolate and characterize compounds from a local medicinal plant, Quassia africana Baill and Baill (Simaroubaceae) that were toxic to Anopheles gambiae. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The methanol extracts of the leaves, stem and roots of Qu…

Maternal periconceptional occupational pesticide exposure and neural tube defects.

BACKGROUND: Adverse associations between maternal pesticide exposure and neural tube defects (NTDs) have been suggested but not consistently … ration, categorical intensity scores, and categorical frequency scores for pesticide classes (e.g., insecticides) were assigned using a modified, literature-based job-exposure matrix and maternal-reported occupational histories. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated based on fitted multivariable logistic regression models that …

[Residues of thiamethoxam, aldicarb and its metabolites in coffee leaves and effect on the control of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)].

The coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville), one of the major pests of coffee crops in Brazil, is mainly controlled with insecticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residues and the translocation of the insecticide thiamethoxam in coffee leaves, as well as to study its effect on the coffee leaf miner control, comparing it with aldicarb, used as standard. One experiment was set up in the county of Garça, SP from December/2001 to August/2002. The treatments used were: aldicarb 150 G at the rates of 2.25 and 4.50 g a.i./pit, thiamethoxam 10 GR, at the rates of …

Studies on the vector of kala-azar in Kenya, VIII. The outbreak in Machakos District; epidemiological features and a possible way of control.

The epidemiology of kala-azar was studied in East Katangini, the area in Machakos District where the incidence of the disease had been highe … pheles gambiae. Very recently the farmers had begun to grow cotton which was sprayed regularly with insecticides stored mostly in the farmers' homes. As a result, the number of new patients in 1980 fell to four, and the longer the people had stored insecticides in their compounds, the lower was the recent kala-azar incidence in these homesteads. Presumably the …

Characterization of emamectin benzoate resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

BACKGROUND: Plutella xylostella (L.) is a destructive pest of cruciferous crops worldwide that has evolved resistance to many insecticides. Here we examined the mode of inheritance, cross-resistance profile, and potential mechanisms of emamectin benzoate resistance in a field-derived strain of P. xylostella from Japan. RESULTS: A field-collected population of P. xylostella, was found to exhibit strong (> 150-fold) resistance to emamectin benzoate in insecticide bioassays when compared with a laboratory susceptible strain. Genetic analysis showed that resistance is inherited as an autosomal, r…

Molecular Monitoring of Knockdown Resistance in Head Louse (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) Populations in Iran.

Knockdown resistance (kdr) is a common mechanism of insecticide resistance in head lice to the conventionally used pyrethroid pediculosis and can be the result of various amino acid substitutions within the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC). In this study, 54 sequences from varied specimens were investigated to monitor well-known resistance mutations and probable new mutations. The Pediculus humanus capitis de Geer specimens were collected from 13 provinces in Iran. The specimens were stored in 70% ethanol until DNA extraction and PCR amplification of ~900-bp fragment of VSSC. The sequen

Mosquito-based malaria control through genetic, microbial and immunological innovations.

Malaria remains a major global health challenge, causing approximately 600,000 deaths annually despite decades of progress using insecticide-based and drug-based interventions. These core tools are increasingly compromised by widespread insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, drug resistance in parasites, adaptive vector behaviours and the lack of highly effective vaccines, together with logistical and sustainability constraints. Complementary strategies, including larval source management, environmental modification and novel insecticide formulations, also require sustained investment and stron

Structural basis for diamide modulation of ryanodine receptor.

The diamide insecticide class is one of the top-selling insecticides globally. They are used to control a wide range of pests by targeting their ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Here, we report the highest-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of RyR1 in the open state, in complex with the anthranilic diamide chlorantraniliprole (CHL). The 3.2-Å local resolution map facilitates unambiguous assignment of the CHL binding site. The molecule induces a conformational change by affecting the S4-S5 linker, triggering channel opening. The binding site is further corroborated by mutagenesi…

Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to the WHO: conclusions and recommendations of fifth biannual meeting (March 2014).

The Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to the World Health Organization (WHO) held its fifth meeting in Geneva, Switzerland from 12 to 14 March 2014. This article provides a summary of the discussions, conclusions and recommendations from that meeting.Meeting sessions covered: maintaining universal coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets; combining indoor residual spraying with long-lasting insecticidal nets; the sound management of old long-lasting insecticidal nets; malaria diagnosis in low transmission settings; the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria (2016 -2025); and Technical Expert