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Lipopolysaccharide binding protein-deficient mice have a normal defense against pulmonary mycobacterial infection.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein (LBP) facilitates the transfer of LPS of Gram-negative bacteria to the pattern recognition receptor CD14, resulting in activation of immunocompetent cells. LBP can also facilitate the binding of lipoarabinomannan, a major cell wall component of mycobacteria, to immune cells. To determine the role of LBP in the immune response to pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, LBP gene-deficient (-/-) and normal wild-type (WT) mice were intranasally infected with M. tuberculosis. LBP-/- mice displayed a similar survival and mycobacterial outgrowth in lun

Отсутствие допроенкефалина повышает порог для активации Т клеток.

Некоторые формы нейроэндокринного гормона допроенкефалина (PPNK) производятся Т клетками, В клетками и макрофагами. Этот гормон оказался важным для регулирования различных иммунных реакций; однако основные механизмы этого регулирования неизвестны. Здесь мы изучаем способность CD8 и CD4-дефицит T-лимфоцитов распространяться на антигенные и митогенные стимулы. Мы обнаружили, что активность лимфоцитов и их распространение до неоптимальных концентраций как в антиCD3, так и в антигене были сокращены в отсутствие PPNK. Распространение может быть спасено за счет увеличения количества антигенов или од

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Certain forms of the neuroendocrine hormone preproenkephalin (PPNK) are produced by T cells, B cells and macrophages. This hormone has been … d CD4 PPNK-deficient T lymphocytes to proliferate to antigenic and mitogenic stimuli. We found that lymphocyte activation and proliferation to suboptimal concentrations of both anti-CD3 and antigen was reduced in the absence of PPNK. Proliferation could be rescued by increasing antigen or by co-incubation of PPNK-deficient cells with wild-type cells. These data confirm …

The nature of the spatial deficit in young females with Fragile-X syndrome: a neuropsychological and molecular perspective.

Spatial performance in a group of young Fragile-X syndrome females with FMR-1 full mutation was compared to two control groups of mainstream schoolchildren. Performance was assessed across a wide range of spatial tasks including visuo-spatial, visuo-construction, visuo-motor, visuo-perception and spatial-memory. A spatial deficit emerged only on those tasks which comprised a visuo-constructive component, with the Fragile-X group performing worse overall. All other tasks were performed at a comparable level across the three groups. Molecular analysis of the lymphocyte DNA found minimal evidence

A role for FADD in T cell activation and development.

FADD is a cytoplasmic adapter molecule that links the family of death receptors to the activation of caspases during apoptosis. We have produced transgenic mice expressing a dominantly interfering mutant of FADD, lacking the caspase-dimerizing death effector domain, as well as mice overexpressing the poxvirus serpin, CrmA, an inhibitor of caspases downstream of FADD. While thymocytes from either line of mice were completely protected from CD95-dependent cytotoxicity, neither transgene afforded protection from apoptosis induced during thymocyte selection and neither led to the lymphoproliferati

The role of cell-mediated immunity in polymyositis.

Although the etiologic stimulus has not been identified, there is considerable evidence that cell-mediated immune mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of polymyositis-dermatomyositis: 1) a discrete chronic mononuclear cell infiltrate is almost always present in the affected muscles of patients with polymyositis-dermatomyositis; 2) the predominant cell of this chronic mononuclear cell infiltrate is the T lymphocyte; 3) the infiltrating T cells appear to be activated because they express activation antigens, such as major histocompatibility complex class II molecules; 4) periphe

A stochastic model of cytotoxic T cell responses.

We have constructed a stochastic stage-structured model of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to antigen and the maintenance of immunological memory. The model follows the dynamics of a viral infection and the stimulation, proliferation, and differentiation of naïve CD8(+) T cells into effector CTL, which can eliminate virally infected cells. The model is capable of following the dynamics of multiple T cell clones, each with a T cell receptor represented by a digit string. MHC-viral peptide complexes are also represented by strings and a string match rule is used to compute the affinity

Lymphocyte-increasing action and hypocalcemic action of parotid gland extract.

It has previously been shown in our laboratory that the hypocalcemic substances purified from the thymus have a potent lymphocyte-increasing action in mice. Then, lymphocyte-increasing activity was examined with bovine parotid gland extracts, which showed a hypocalcemic activity as potent as that of the thymus extracts. The lymphocyte-increasing activity was assayed in the littermates of neonatal mice of Swiss-Webster strain; the materials used for this experiment were purified preparations and several fractions obtained from the parotid gland extracts in the course of purification. It was fou

Evaluation of the circulating and splenic lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease using monoclonal antibodies.

The number of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and their helper/inducer, cytotoxic/suppressor and NK/K subpopulations was measured in peripheral blood and spleen cell suspensions from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in the active stage of the disease and in remission status, as well as in Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) in active stage of the disease. B lymphocytes were determined by direct immunofluorescence and T lymphocytes with the E rosette technique. Helper/inducer, cytotoxic/suppressor, and NK/K T lymphocytes were determined by indirect immunofluorescence with the monoclonal antibodies OKT

Low in vitro response to PPD and PHA in lymphocytes from BCG-induced pleurisy in guinea pigs.

In order to study any correlation between functional properties of lymphocytes in BCG-induced pleural exudation and the development of the pleurisy a previously described experimental model was used. This model with a duration of effusion of more than 17 days has characteristic stages. From the third day and onwards there are lymphocytes in sufficient amount for in vitro cultures. Proliferation of lymphocytes from the fluid was measured as uptake of 14C-thymidine. The response of the lymphocytes to PPD tuberculin and to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was studied, and their spontaneous activity was m

Screening helper T lymphocyte epitopes based on IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio for developing a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate using Wolbachia surface protein as an adjuvant against visceral leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most lethal form of leishmaniasis. In terms of anti-leishmanial vaccines, favorable immune responses are Th1 responses that primarily produce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and activate macrophages for leishmanicidal effects. The selection of IFN-γ-inducing epitopes in silico may reduce the steps of pre-clinical evaluation and increase the certainty of the better-designed vaccine. Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) derived from Wolbachia bacteria that have been reported to reside in sandflies can trigger TLR2 and TLR4 activation to favor Th1 immune respons

A Tumor-Microenvironment-Responsive Chemically Masked IL‑2 Prodrug Potentiates PD‑1 Checkpoint Blockade and Elicits Robust Antitumor Efficacy.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent mediator of T-cell activation with significant potential for cancer immunotherapy, yet its clinical utility is severely constrained by its narrow therapeutic window. Here we report a chemically masked IL-2 prodrug (Cm-proIL2) that enables tumor-microenvironment-responsive cytokine activation through tumor-associated protease cleavage. Site-specific conjugation of a poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) moiety selectively masks peripheral receptor engagement, while PEG removal within the tumor microenvironment restores IL-2 receptor binding and reduces molecular size, th

Zinc Ion-Coordinated Sericin Calcium Phosphate Nanovaccines Induce Hyperactive Dendritic Cells and Synergistic Activation of T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Peptide-based neoantigen vaccines are promising cancer immunotherapy strategies because of their capability to induce durable tumor-specific immune responses. However, insufficient neoantigen-specific T-lymphocyte activation greatly limits their clinical efficacy. Here, we developed sericin-coordinated zinc ion-modified calcium phosphate (CP) nanovaccines that codeliver tumor antigen peptides and a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist (SZCP/APs-CpG) for potentiating antigen-specific T cell immunity. SZCP/APs-CpG nanovaccines could yield efficient codelivery of antigen peptides and adjuvants to dendrit…

Immunological characteristics of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in a child post SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Recent studies have reported that pediatric acute liver failure of unknown origin is immune-mediated, with CD8+ T cells playing a key role. Moreover, investigation of superantigen-mediated T-cell activation by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in pediatric severe acute hepatitis is needed in the context of the proposed mechanism of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We investigated the immunological characteristics of a Japanese pediatric patient with severe acute hepatitis post SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient demonstrated autoimmune hepatitis-like liver histology with CD8+ ly

Characterization of low-density granulocytes in COVID-19.

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by extensive pulmonary complications, to which host immune responses are believed to play a role. As the major arm of innate immunity, neutrophils are one of the first cells recruited to the site of infection where their excessive activation can contribute to lung pathology. Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are circulating neutrophils, whose numbers increase in some autoimmune diseases and cancer, but are poorly characterized in acute viral infections. Using flow cytometry, we detected a significant increase of LDGs in the blood of acute COVID-19 patients, compa

Inosine pranobex enhances human NK cell cytotoxicity by inducing metabolic activation and NKG2D ligand expression.

Inosine pranobex (IP) is a synthetic immunomodulating compound, indicated for use in the treatment of human papillomavirus-associated warts and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Previous studies demonstrate that the immunomodulatory activity of IP is characterized by enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and NK cell cytotoxicity. The activation of NKG2D signaling on NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and γδ T cells also produces these outcomes. We hypothesized that IP alters cellular immunity through the induction of NKG2D ligand expression on target cells, thereby enhancing immune c

Mutations of the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease gene SH2D1A mimicking common variable immunodeficiency.

UNLABELLED: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease are two immunodeficiencies that may share … USION: current techniques, such as genetic analysis of the SH2D1A gene and expression of signalling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein, allow a definite diagnosis of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease.

Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: a severe adverse reaction to minocycline.

A 17-year-old female patient who had been taking oral minocycline (50 mg twice daily) for 3 weeks for acne developed an eruption that progressed to an exfoliative dermatitis. This illness was also characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, a leukemoid reaction, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, hepatitis, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Dramatic improvement followed institution of corticosteroid therapy. Studies for infectious and collagen vascular diseases were negative. This severe illness was likely caused by minocycline, and we speculate that minocycline may have acted as a super

[Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infections and AIDS].

As shown by tuberculosis screening in HIV-infected and AIDS subjects performed in the Moscow Anti-AIDS Center from 1989-1994, tuberculosis morbidity in the above subjects is 17.3 per 1,000. Mean age of the tuberculosis subjects was 34 years. Most of them were males with acute generalized pulmonary tuberculosis which coursed malignantly and resulted in deaths of progressive tuberculosis in 12 of 18 patients within 15 months. Onset of tuberculosis in HIV-infected subjects is attributed to activation of endogenic infection in parallel with T4-lymphocyte depletion and deterioration of cellular imm

B lymphocyte function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: impact of regulatory T lymphocytes and macrophages--modulation by antirheumatic drugs.

The present work analyses B lymphocyte functions in vitro in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The impact of gold salts and penicillamine on human B lymphocyte function in vitro is discussed. Synovial fluid monocytes/macrophages increased both the polyclonally induced and the antigen-induced blood lymphocyte proliferation and increased the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting blood B lymphocytes generated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a T cell-dependent polyclonal activator. The lymphostimulatory factor(s) interleukin-1, which can be produced by monocytes/macrophages, was found in most cell

Immunological interpretation of minipuberty: Minipuberty as the driving force of sexual dimorphism in the immune response.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Although the physiology of minipuberty is well established, it is not fully explained why it occurs. It has been sugge … ng hormone (LH) estradiol (E), testosterone (T), CD19, CD16/56, CD3, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8 and HLA-DR as lymphocyte activation marker. RESULTS: The mean FSH levels were higher in females (15.15 ± 10.12 mIU/ml vs, 2.61 ± 1.74 mIU/ml) and LH in males (5.80 ± 2.51 mIU/ml vs. 1.91 ± 12.89 mIU/ml) (P < .001 for each). The mean percentages of the CD3/CD4 levels were higher in fe …