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Diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders using retina as an external window: A systematic review of OCT-MRI correlations.

BackgroundRecent studies have explored optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A) as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease … tions. 93 articles were reviewed, and 28 met our inclusion criteria.ResultsLayer-or-region-specific retinal metrics were the most promising for non-vascular neurodegeneration, while vascular retinal parameters had the unique capacity to reflect vascular lesions. Both types of biomarkers correlated with global brain atrophy. Microstructural brain alterati …

Biomechanical Strain Responses in the Sclera, Choroid, and Retina in Glaucoma Patients After Intraocular Pressure Lowering.

This study measured the strain response to intraocular pressure (IOP) change in the sclera, choroid, and retina of glaucoma patients whose optic nerve head region was imaged by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after IOP-lowering by laser suturelysis following trabeculectomy surgery. The strain response was calculated from digital volume correlation of the prior and after images. The strain response of the sclera, choroid, and retina were compared to those previously published for the anterior lamina cribrosa (ALC). Mean strains were lowest in the retina and highest in the prelamin…

Suppression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 protects against light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis and inflammation in retina.

PURPOSE: To research the function of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in light-induced retinal degeneration. METHODS: The retinas of BALB/c mice and 661W cells damage were induced by exposure to light; Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate BV2 cells. AEG-1 siRNA transfection was used to inhibit AEG-1. Expressions of AEG-1, TLR4, TNF-α, phosphor-NF-κB (p-NF-κB) and total NF-κB (t-NF-κB) were detected. Photoreceptor apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry or TUNEL. Histological analyses were performed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RESULTS: AEG-1 was highly expressed in li…

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor upregulates CHOP and ATF6 in the rat retina with retinitis pigmentosa.

PURPOSE: In the current work, we investigated the potential protective function of MANF against the degeneration of RP in S334ter-3 rats and the mechanism underlying these effects. METHODS: The left eye of rat was injected with MANF, and the right eye injected PBS as a control. The levels of those ER stress associated proteins were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: First, those ER stress associated proteins were detected in S334ter-3 rats. Among these proteins, a decrease in the expression of PERK was only showed from PD 6 to PD 12. Surprisingly, a dramatic increase of ATF6 was i

Flow and ischemic changes in retina and choroid across diabetic retinopathy spectrum: a SS-OCTA study.

PURPOSE: To examine changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature in diabetes mellitus across the range of diabetic retinopathy (DR) severities using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and compare the patterns of vascular changes. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling 296 patients (498 eyes) with diabetes mellitus. Swept-Source OCT Angiography variables in both retina and choroid, including perfusion density (PD), vessel density (VD), large vessel density (LVD) in both superficial and deep layer of retina and CC flow voids (FD) density of the choroid were quantif…

Mammalian Retinal Bipolar Cells: Morphological Identification and Systematic Classification in Rabbit Retina With a Comparative Perspective.

Retinal bipolar cells (BCs) convey visual signals from photoreceptors to more than 50 types of rabbit retinal ganglion cells (Famiglietti, 2020). More than 40 years ago, 10-11 types of bipolar cells were recognized in rabbit and cat retinas (Famiglietti, 1981). Twenty years later, 10 were identified in mouse, rat, and monkey, while recent molecular genetic studies indicate that there are 15 types of bipolar cell in mouse retina (Shekhar et al., 2016). The present detailed study of more than 800 bipolar cells in 11 Golgi-impregnated rabbit retinas indicates that there are 14-16 types of cone bi…

MiRNA-122-5p promotes retinal ganglion cell oxidative damage by targeting DJ-1 in hyperglycemic retina.

Mitochondrial dysfunction, induced by prolonged hyperglycemia, is widely regarded as a central factor in oxidative stress and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in diabetic retinopathy (DR). DJ-1 (PARK7) acts as a crucial antioxidant defense mechanism, stabilizing mitochondrial structure and redox balance. However, its expression is dramatically suppressed under diabetic conditions, and the upstream regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Growing evidence from epigenetic research implicates microRNAs (miRNAs) as important players in the molecular pathways underlying DR p…

Lead (Pb) exposure results in cell type specific changes in the mouse retina and optic nerve.

Chronic exposure to lead (Pb) is known to cause deficits in neuronal function across the nervous system, including the visual nervous system. Visual deficits have been observed in both humans and rodent models following Pb exposure. However, how Pb exposure causes visual deficits is poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Pb toxicity on the retina and optic nerve of the mouse visual nervous system. We used C57BL/6 adult mice of both sexes and divided them into one of three different exposure groups. Adult mice received daily oral gavage of 108mg/kg Na-acetate (control), 5…

Characterization of the depolarization contrast line in the outer retina using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.

This study aimed to characterize the anatomical features of a new observation, the depolarization contrast line (DCL) near the photoreceptor … LM) and the ellipsoid zone on the intensity OCT image, positioned at 80.0% of the distance from the retinal pigment epithelium toward ELM at the fovea, 86.4% at 1 mm nasal, and 85.8% at 1 mm temporal. These findings suggest that the DCL corresponds to structural components within the photoreceptor inner segments, providing insights into photoreceptor str …

Assessment of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment with OCT: Revisiting the 1991 Retina Society Classification.

PURPOSE: To characterize proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) with swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). DESIGN: Prospective cross sectional cohort study. SUBJECTS: Consecutive primary RRDs presenting to St. Michael's Hospital from 2021 to 2023. METHODS: Ultra-widefield fundus imaging was staged per the Retina Society 1991 PVR Classification and correlated with retinal microstructural changes assessed with SS-OCT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Swept-source OCT findings in PVR. RESULTS: One hundred patients were included. Patients with no signs of PVR or PVR A (49…

Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium: unusual rapid progression and early surgical intervention.

We report a case of a young woman who presented with a vitreous haemorrhage associated with a combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE). During her clinical course, while the vitreous haemorrhage resolved, the lesion enlarged with a worsening epiretinal membrane. The patient's visual acuity reduced from 0.06 to 0.4 logMAR (Snellen equivalent of 6/7.5 to 6/30) with worsening metamorphopsia over a 13-week period. She shortly underwent pars plana vitrectomy with a membrane peel with an improved anatomical and visual outcome.The case presented shows an uncommon prese…

Флуоресцентная офтальмоскопия на протяжении жизни добавляет сетчатку к кортикальной патологии для визуальной дисфункции в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

Поскольку нейродегенеративные заболевания, такие, как болезнь Паркинсона и болезни Альцгеймера [AD и PD], а также прогрессивные формы множественного склероза [MS] неизменно связаны с клинически значимыми корковыми симптомами, такими, как языковые трудности, недостаток моторных навыков и когнитивные расстройства, особенно память, возникла молчаливая посылка о том, что визуальные нарушения, связанные с кортикальной дисфункцией, должны быть локализованы только в временных, теменной и затылокальных долях. Исходя из нашего понимания, изменения сетчатки в MS скорее всего являются вторичными для опти

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Because neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases [AD and PD] as well as the progressive forms of multiple scl … localize only to the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Based upon our current understanding, retinal changes in MS are most likely secondary to optic neuropathy, whereas in AD and PD, they appear to represent primary retinal changes. The paradigm was reinforced by the lack of retinal findings using ophthalmoscopy. Spectral domain optical coherence …

Characterization of Induced Current Density During Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation to Promote Neuroprotection in the Degenerating Retina.

OBJECTIVE: Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) is a promising approach to delay retinal degeneration by inducing extracellular electric field-driven neuroprotective effects within photoreceptors. Although achieving precise electric field control is feasible in vitro, characterizing these fields becomes intricate and largely unexplored in vivo due to uneven distribution in the heterogeneous body. In this paper, we investigate and characterize electric fields within the retina during TES to assess the potential for therapeutic approaches Methods: We developed a computational model of a rat…

Restoring retinal polyunsaturated fatty acid balance and retina function by targeting ceramide in AdipoR1-deficient mice.

Mutations in the adiponectin receptor 1 gene (AdipoR1) lead to retinitis pigmentosa and are associated with age-related macular degeneration. This study explores the effects of AdipoR1 gene deficiency in mice, revealing a striking decline in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), an increase in ω6 fatty acids, and elevated ceramides in the retina. The AdipoR1 deficiency impairs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling, which is crucial for FA metabolism, particularly affecting proteins associated with FA transport and oxidation in the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium. Our …

Photoreceptor-Mimetic Microflowers for Restoring Light Responses in Degenerative Retina through a 2D Nanopetal/Cell Biointerface.

Retinitis pigmentosa is the main cause of inherited human blindness and is associated with dysfunctional photoreceptors (PRs). Compared with traditional methods, optoelectronic stimulation can better preserve the structural integrity and genetic content of the retina. However, enhancing the spatiotemporal accuracy of stimulation is challenging. Quantum dot-doped ZnIn2S4 microflowers (MF) are utilized to construct a biomimetic photoelectric interface with a 0D/3D heterostructure, aiming to restore the light response in PR-degenerative mice. The MF bio interface has dimensions similar to those o…

Pulsatile tissue deformation dynamics of the murine retina and choroid mapped by 4D optical coherence tomography.

Irregular ocular pulsatility and altered mechanical tissue properties are associated with some of the most sight-threatening eye diseases. Here we present 4D optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the quantitative assessment and depth-resolved mapping of pulsatile dynamics in the murine retina and choroid. Through a pixel-wise analysis of phase changes of the complex OCT signal, we reveal spatiotemporal displacement characteristics across repeated frame acquisitions. We demonstrate in vivo fundus elastography (FUEL) imaging in wildtype mouse retinas and in a mouse model of retinal neovasculari…

Rapamycin Inhibits Light-Induced Necrosome Activation Occurring in Wild-Type, but not RPE65-Null, Mouse Retina.

PURPOSE: Both photodamage and aberrant visual cycle contribute to disease progress of many retinal degenerative disorders, whereas the signaling pathways causing photoreceptor death remain unclear. Here we investigated the effects of intense photo-stress on (1) necrosome activation in wild-type and RPE65-null mice, (2) interaction of p62/Sequestosome-1 with the necrosome proteins, and (3) the effects of rapamycin on photodamage-induced necrosome activation and retinal degeneration in wild-type mice. METHODS: Dark-adapted rd12 mice and 129S2/Sv mice with or without rapamycin treatment were exp…

Fluorescein Angiography Findings in Treatment-Naive Premature Infants with Retinal Vascular Immaturity and Persistent Avascular Retina.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the fluorescein angiography (FA) findings in eyes with spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Fluorescein angiography images of 162 eyes of 81 treatment-naive infants who underwent FA due to retinal vascular immaturity and persistent avascular retina (PAR) despite exceeding postmenstrual age of 60 weeks were analyzed retrospectively. Disc diameter (DD), optic disc-to-fovea distance (FD), the length of temporal retinal vascularization (LTRV), and the length of measurable temporal avascular retina distance (LMTAR), were quantitatively measured. …

Relation between retina, cognition and brain volumes in MS: a consequence of asymptomatic optic nerve lesions.

INTRODUCTION: Asymptomatic optic nerve lesions are frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and their impact on cognition and/or brain volume has never been taken into account. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used the data from the cross-sectional Visual Ways in MS (VWIMS) study including relapsing remitting MS. All patients underwent brain and optic nerve Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) including Double Inversion Recuperation (DIR) sequence, retinal OCT, and cognitive evaluation with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS). We measured the association between OCT findings (thickness…

Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy with a Nonmydriatic Ultra-Wide-Field Retina Camera by Family Medicine Physicians.

PURPOSE: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-aged adults aged 20 to 74 years. Despite professional association guidelines that recommend yearly screening for DR, only about 60% of Americans with diabetes mellitus (DM) receive annual examinations. The purpose of this 2-phase study was to determine the ability of family medicine (FM) physicians to accurately interpret retinal images of patients with DM. METHODS: Five FM physicians received a 1-hour lecture on DR by a retinal specialist after which the physicians were shown 30 ultrawide-field retina images a…