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Sex and gender specific considerations on frailty: what have we learned?

Aging entails a progressive impairment of functions and, ultimately, leads to increased susceptibility to disability, morbidity, and mortality. Around 85% of people aged more than 75 years suffer from chronic diseases. Patients with chronic conditions often present a complex interplay of multimorbidity, polypharmacy and frailty, which are influenced by several characteristics of individuals, including biological sex (i.e., biological attributes, determined by the sex chromosomes, genes, reproductive and endocrine system) and sociocultural gender (i.e., a social construct which refers to cultur

Infrastructuring AI and Robotics for Health and Everyday Life: Visions and Practices in a Japanese National Moonshot Research and Development Project.

This article examines how emerging infrastructural AI and robotics for health and everyday life are proposed and negotiated, drawing on ethnographic research within the Japanese Awareness AI Project. The project envisages distributed assistance relying on continuous measurement of bodily states, aiming to make technological systems recede into the background. The analysis reveals how the project envisions bodies and machines as tightly coupled, yet encounters profound sociotechnical frictions around data integration, consent and bodily safety. It also traces perceived side effects, including t

Cancer Care Experiences, Resilience, and Psychological Symptoms Among Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study.

PROBLEM STATEMENT: The aims of this study were to characterize patients' distress, psychological symptoms, and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate differences in the experiences, resilience, and psychological symptoms of patients with and without distress. DESIGN: Convergent parallel mixed-methods. DATA SOURCES: Semistructured interviews and structured questionnaires. ANALYSIS: Interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, depression, anxiety, and resilience were identified using chi-square, Fisher's

Exploring Interprofessional Collaboration and Patient-Centered Care for People Living With Dementia.

Alzheimer's disease and other dementias are expected to affect millions of individuals in the coming decades, placing a growing burden on healthcare systems, families, and caregivers. Current approaches to dementia care are often fragmented, marked by poor coordination and limited communication among healthcare providers. This lack of integration contributes to delayed diagnoses, inadequate treatment, and heightened caregiver stress. This article emphasizes the critical role of inter-professional collaboration (IPC) in addressing these challenges and improving outcomes for people living with d

Missed Opportunities in Engaging Community Pharmacies for Integrated Tuberculosis Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Call to Action.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Community pharmacies, which are often the first point of contact for people with TB, are underutilized in expanding TB care. Engaging community pharmacies in TB care could facilitate personalized adherence counseling, the timely detection and reporting of medication side effects, and the integration of TB and HIV services for individuals with both TB and HIV. Pharmacies can reduce stigma and address social and psychological barriers by offering person-centered care in convenient, accessible settings, in

E-Health: A Game Changer in Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology?

Technological advancements have greatly impacted the healthcare industry, including the integration of e-health in pediatric cardiology. The use of telemedicine, mobile health applications, and electronic health records have demonstrated a significant potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance the quality of care. Telemedicine provides a useful tool for remote clinics, follow-up visits, and monitoring for infants with congenital heart disease, while mobile health applications enhance patient and parents' education, medication compliance, and in some instances,

A resilient battery electric bus transit system configuration.

Electric mobility is fundamental to combat climate change and attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-11). However, electric mobility necessitates a seamless integration between power and transportation systems, as the resiliency of both systems is becoming far more interdependent. Here, we focus on disruption to Battery Electric Bus (BEB) transit system charging infrastructure and offer a resilient BEB transit system planning model. The proposed model optimizes the BEB system costs while ensuring the system's robustness against simultaneous charging station failures. I

Executive functions.

Executive functions (EFs) include high-order cognitive abilities such as working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, reasoning, and problem solving. EFs enable humans to achieve goals, adapt to novel everyday life situations, and manage social interactions. Traditionally EFs have been associated with frontal lobe functioning. More recent evidence shows that posterior and subcortical regions also play a crucial role in EF processing, especially in the integration of sensory information and emotion. This chapter reviews the variety of EFs and their neural underpinning, b

"If I don't have children, they will know that I'm sick": fertility desires of women and men living with HIV in Iringa, Tanzania.

As safer conception services are expanded and integrated into HIV care systems, these services will need to address cultural, social, economic and medical concerns of women and men living with HIV. We conducted interviews with 30 HIV-positive women, 30 HIV-positive men, and 30 healthcare providers that examined factors specific to the experience of living with HIV that influence fertility desires in Iringa, Tanzania. HIV-related factors fell under five themes: knowing one could prevent mother-to-child transmission; reaching an ideal family size in the context of HIV-related infant mortality; c

Prevalence and Correlates of Use of Safer Conception Methods in a Prospective Cohort of Ugandan HIV-Affected Couples with Fertility Intentions.

We examined the prevalence and correlates of safer conception methods (SCM) use in HIV-affected couples with fertility intentions. A prospective cohort of 400 HIV clients in Uganda who had fertility intentions with their partner was surveyed every 6 months for 24 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine individual, relationship and provider level predictors of SCM use. Over one-third (35%) reported any use of timed unprotected intercourse (TUI) during the study; use of other SCM was rare. Baseline predictors of any TUI use included lower social support, greater perceived prov

Community Mental Health Policy in America: Lessons Learned.

After 1945 the prevailing consensus that persons with serious mental disorders should be treated in public hospitals began to dissolve. It was replaced by a faith in the efficacy of community care and treatment. Yet for a variety of reasons the new community care system fell far short of its initial promise. Advocates failed to understand that the problems of persons with serious and persistent disabilities were different from those people with mild and moderate disorders. The belief that residence in the community would promote adjustment and integration was illusory and did not take into acc

Cognitive rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury: a pilot programme of goal planning and outdoor adventure course participation.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate a pilot community based rehabilitation programme for severe brain injury. RESEARCH DESIGN: A prospective repeated-measures design with a single convenience sample was conducted. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Eleven participants with a history of severe brain injury completed the programme, which featured an outdoor adventure course, skill development and goal-based learning. In the first stage, practical activities facilitated the development of social skills, group cohesiveness and community integration. The second stage was a 9-day outdoor adventure co

Intervention structure and effectiveness in digital health interventions for childhood and adolescent obesity: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Digital health interventions for childhood and adolescent obesity have shown mixed effectiveness, with prior studies largely focusing on stand-alone mobile-based approaches. Limited attention has been given to how the structural characteristics of interventions influence outcomes. This study aimed to examine the structural characteristics of contemporary digital health interventions, including wearable devices, artificial intelligence, web-based platforms, exergames, and virtual or augmented reality, and to assess how these factors relate to intervention effectiveness. METHODS: We

The role of wellbeing literacy in enhancing college students' mental health: evidence from a dual-factor model.

This study investigates the role of wellbeing literacy as part of a dual-factor model of mental health in Chinese college students. Utilising latent profile analysis (LPA) with data from over 11 000 participants, the research identifies four distinct mental health profiles: complete mental health, vulnerable, symptomatic with high WBL, and troubled. These categories highlight the diversity in mental health status among the students, influenced by demographic factors such as gender, age, and social circles. The findings reveal that female students and those with fewer friends are more likely to

An Integrative Cognitive Model of Internalized Stigma in Psychosis.

BACKGROUND: Internalized stigma is a significant difficulty for those who experience psychosis, but it has never been conceptualized using cognitive theory. AIMS: The aim of this paper is to outline a cognitive model conceptualizing internalized stigma experienced by people who also experience psychosis. METHOD: Previous literature is reviewed, critiqued and synthesized to develop the model. It draws upon previous social cognitive models of internalized stigma and integrates cognitive behavioural theory and social mentality theory. RESULTS: This paper identifies key cognitive, behavioural a

Integrated HIV care and service engagement among people living with HIV who use drugs in a setting with a community-wide treatment as prevention initiative: a qualitative study in Vancouver, Canada.

INTRODUCTION: Social-structural inequities impede access to, and retention in, HIV care among structurally vulnerable people living with HIV (PLHIV) who use drugs. The resulting disparities in HIV-related outcomes among PLHIV who use drugs pose barriers to the optimization of HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) initiatives. We undertook this study to examine engagement with, and impacts of, an integrated HIV care services model tailored to the needs of PLHIV who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada - a setting with a community-wide TasP initiative. METHODS: We conducted qualitative interviews with 3

A realist synthesis of integrated palliative care and oncology: Synopsis.

BACKGROUND: Existing evidence demonstrates the benefits of integrated palliative care for people with cancer and their carers, for improved symptom burden, quality of life and appropriate healthcare resource use. The integration of palliative care and oncology has the potential to improve the quality of life and is recommended by international guidelines. However, it is not yet consistent practice. There are many approaches to integration, but it is unclear what works, for whom and in what contexts to achieve the best possible outcomes for people with cancer, carers and healthcare systems. OB

Effects of illness perception and social support on self-management among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The mediating role of self-regulation.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the relationships among illness perception, social support, self-regulation, and self-management in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), based on the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 231 participants with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Wuxi, China. Validated questionnaires were employed to measure self-management, illness perception, social support, and self-regulation. Path analysis was conducted to examine the direct and indirect relationships among these variables, w

Social Media Peer-Driven Communication on Cervical Cancer and HPV Vaccine Among Female Youth in Nigeria.

This study examined the relationship between social media peer communication and perception, knowledge, and attitude toward cervical cancer prevention among female youth aged 15 to 29 years in Kwara State, Nigeria. Anchored in the Health Belief Model, the study also investigated how youth engagement with posts on cervical cancer and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) influences their attitude about the vaccine. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 379 female youth selected through a multi-stage stratified sampling technique from two public universities. Findings revealed a signifi

The lived experiences of social isolation among cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.

BackgroundDespite significant improvements in cancer survival rates, social isolation remains a major threat to patient well-being and reintegration into society. This study systematically reviews and integrates qualitative findings to elucidate the lived experience of social isolation among cancer patients.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to identify qualitative studies involving patients with cancer that were published in English or Chinese from database inception to August 2025. The PRISMA guidelines were

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… Peers with similar cancer experiences can provide emotional support and share lived experiences, thereby alleviating patients’ feelings of loneliness and facilitating social integration ( Clougher et al., 2024 ). …