Результаты поиска

Navigating the Unknown: The Sociocultural and Metacognitive Architecture of Wisdom.

Psychological wisdom research has shifted from characterizing rare exemplars and desired outcomes to specifying processes that support sound judgment under uncertainty. Yet it has advanced along two siloed research tracks: one on folk theories-cultural tools such as exemplars, narratives, heuristics (including proverbs and maxims), and standards of judgment-and the other on the mechanisms involved in wise judgment. This review bridges these research tracks using a situated metacognitive lens: Folk theories provide candidate attributes or strategies for action, whereas perspectival metacognitio

The Molecular Architecture of Somatic Spines of the Lateral Septum.

The lateral septum is a key subcortical structure and has been implicated in social memory. One aspect of social memory, the ability to recognize relatives, is conserved across vertebrate species and reflected in stable, lifelong memories. Synapses are considered to be the smallest unit of memory storage. Excitatory synapses are typically found on dendritic spines, whereas inhibitory synapses are mostly located on the dendritic shaft. Here, we investigate the synaptic architecture of unusual somatic spines, an apparent synaptic specialization of septal GABAergic neurons. We uncover the formati…

Simplified neurochaos learning architectures for data classification.

Developing machine learning algorithms that can classify datasets with higher accuracy and efficiency is crucial in practical applications. … ly proposed simplified NL algorithms on ten publicly available datasets. The proposed simplified NL architectures in this study are able to efficiently classify datasets while taking much less run time. The fact that only a single hyperparameter needs to be tuned in both architectures (Tracemean ChaosNet and FI ChaosNet) makes them very attractive for practica …

Molecular architecture of the altered cortical complexity in autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication challenges, and repetitive behaviors. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying these neurodevelopmental abnormalities remain elusive. We integrated microscale brain gene expression data with macroscale MRI data from 1829 participants, including individuals with ASD and typically developing controls, from the autism brain imaging data exchange I and II. Using fractal dimension as an index for quantifying cortical complexity, we identified significant regional alterations i

The genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease on the Island of Crete.

We investigated the genetic landscape of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the island of Crete. DNA samples from 360 PD patients and 251 controls were analyzed using a combination of genotyping, whole-exome sequencing, and targeted screening for GBA1 variants p.N409S and p.L483P. A molecular diagnosis (heterozygous dominant/homozygous recessive pathogenic/likely pathogenic non-GBA1 variant) was identified in 3.1% of patients, including LRRK2-PD (n = 4) and SNCA-PD (n = 1). A novel homozygous PINK1 variant (p.Y295Ter) and a rare homozygous FIG4 variant (p.I41T) were detected in two early-onset cases.

SAILOR: perceptual anchoring for robotic cognitive architectures.

Symbolic anchoring is an important topic in robotics, as it enables robots to obtain symbolic knowledge from the perceptual information acqu … hod and the development of the framework, as well as its integration in MERLIN2 (a hybrid cognitive architecture fully functional in robots running ROS 2) and the validation of SAILOR using public datasets and a real-world scenario.

Meningioma with trabecular architecture: a harbinger of BAP1 deficiency.

BRCA (BReast CAncer gene)-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor protein encoded by the BAP1 gene. BAP1 mutations and the loss of BAP1 expression on immunohistochemistry are poor prognostic factors for meningiomas. These mutations have been previously reported in papillary and rhabdoid meningiomas. However, BAP1-deficient meningiomas with a trabecular architecture are rare, with only one previous report describing two cases. Here, we present the case of an 80-year-old male who experienced two recurrences of meningiomas over a 14-year period. The initial tumor exhibited a mixture of …

The connectivity-based architecture of the human piriform cortex.

The anatomy of the human piriform cortex (PC) is poorly understood. We used a bimodal connectivity-based-parcellation approach to investigate subregions of the PC and its connectional differentiation from the amygdala. One hundred (55 % female) genetically unrelated subjects from the Human Connectome Project were included. A region of interest (ROI) was delineated bilaterally covering PC and amygdala, and functional and structural connectivity of this ROI with the whole gray matter was computed. Spectral clustering was performed to obtain bilateral parcellations at granularities of k = 2-10 cl

Architecture of the inferior parietal cortex in capuchin monkey.

We studied the organization of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC) in five capuchin monkey (6 hemispheres) using cytoarchitectonic (Nissl), myeloarchitectonic (Gallyas), and immune-architectonic (SMI-32 monoclonal antibody) techniques. We partitioned the IPC into five distinct areas: PFG, PG, Opt, PFop, and PGop. Since we used parasagittal sections, we were not able to study area PF due to its far lateral position, which yielded slices that were tangential to the pial surface. Areas PFG, PG, and Opt were in the convexity close to the lateral sulcus, while PFop and PGop were positioned more post

Evaluation of architectural distortion with contrast-enhanced mammography.

Architectural distortion (AD) is the third most common abnormality detected on mammograms. In the absence of an accurate non-invasive tool to evaluate ADs, clinical management often requires surgical excision for histological diagnosis. This problem is expected to worsen with the growing use of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and the resultant increasing detection of ADs. There is therefore a great clinical need for a diagnostic imaging tool to complement non-enhanced mammography for the evaluation of AD. Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is an emerging breast imaging method that uses con

Многофункциональные архитектурные рамки комплекса клаустрома мыши.

Точные анатомические характеристики необходимы для изучения нейронной цепи в тонком масштабе, но для комплекса клаустрома грызунов (CLCX) это еще не полностью выполнено. Считается, что CLCX включает два основных подразделения: клауструм (CL) и ядро дорсальной эндопириформы (DEn), но при этом обсуждаются региональные границы этих районов. Для решения этой проблемы мы провели многогранный анализ волокна и цитоархитектории, генетического маркерного выражения и подключения с использованием мышей обоих полов, с тем чтобы создать всеобъемлющее руководство по идентификации и отграничению границ от CL

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Accurate anatomical characterizations are necessary to investigate neural circuitry on a fine scale, but for the rodent claustrum complex (C … to these areas are debated. To address this, we conducted a multifaceted analysis of fiber- and cytoarchitecture, genetic marker expression, and connectivity using mice of both sexes, to create a comprehensive guide for identifying and delineating borders to CLCX, including an online reference atlas. Our data indicated four distinct subregions within CLCX, sub …

A multidimensional coding architecture of the vagal interoceptive system.

Interoception, the ability to timely and precisely sense changes inside the body, is critical for survival1-4. Vagal sensory neurons (VSNs) … ate the complex projection of VSNs in the brainstem. Our study highlights a multidimensional coding architecture of the mammalian vagal interoceptive system for effective signal communication.

Effect of Bottlebrush Poloxamer Architecture on Binding to Liposomes.

Poloxamers─triblock copolymers consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)─have demonstrated cell membrane stab … 11 kDa). Furthermore, BBP binding is sensitive to overall molecular weight, side-chain length, and architecture (statistical versus block). Finally, all tested BBPs exhibit a protective effect on cell membranes under stress at sub-μM concentrations. As the factors controlling membrane affinity and protection efficacy of bottlebrush poloxamers are not understo …

Meta-analysis: Architectural distortion and breast MRI.

BACKGROUND: The implementation of digital breast tomosynthesis has increased the detection of architectural distortion (AD). Managing this finding may be experienced as a clinical dilemma in daily practice. Breast Contrast-Enhanced MRI (CE-BMR) is a known modality in case of problem-solving tool for mammographic abnormalities. However, the data about AR and CE-BMR are scant. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to estimate the benefit of CE-BMR in the setting of architectural distortion detected mammographically through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. METHODS: A search of MEDL

The Complex and Diverse Genetic Architecture of Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Our insight into the diverse and complex nature of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) genetic architecture continues to evolve rapidly. The foundations of DCM genetics rest on marked locus and allelic heterogeneity. While DCM exhibits a Mendelian, monogenic architecture in some families, preliminary data from our studies and others suggests that at least 20% to 30% of DCM may have an oligogenic basis, meaning that multiple rare variants from different, unlinked loci, determine the DCM phenotype. It is also likely that low-frequency and common genetic variation contribute to DCM complexity, but neith…

Architecture for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Therapists.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to identify an architectural design framework that can be applied to create adaptable, transformative therapy rooms that benefit children with autism and their therapists. BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that environment shapes and influences human behavior. However, there remains a lack of evidence of effective design for pediatric rehabilitation therapy rooms. This study specifically focuses on how the design of the therapy room influences the patient's level of comfort and participation as well as the therapists' quality and efficiency of t

The brain dynamics of architectural affordances during transition.

Action is a medium of collecting sensory information about the environment, which in turn is shaped by architectural affordances. Affordances characterize the fit between the physical structure of the body and capacities for movement and interaction with the environment, thus relying on sensorimotor processes associated with exploring the surroundings. Central to sensorimotor brain dynamics, the attentional mechanisms directing the gating function of sensory signals share neuronal resources with motor-related processes necessary to inferring the external causes of sensory signals. Such a predi

Architecture and regulation of an enterobacterial cellulose secretion system.

Many free-living and pathogenic enterobacteria secrete biofilm-promoting cellulose using a multicomponent, envelope-embedded Bcs secretion system under the control of intracellular second messenger c-di-GMP. The molecular understanding of system assembly and cellulose secretion has been largely limited to the crystallographic studies of a distantly homologous BcsAB synthase tandem and a low-resolution reconstruction of an assembled macrocomplex that encompasses most of the inner membrane and cytosolic subunits and features an atypical layered architecture. Here, we present cryo-EM structures o…