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The Dangers of Posthumous Diagnoses and the Unintended Consequences of Facile Associations: Jeffrey Dahmer and Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Posthumous diagnoses are not uncommonly given to notorious public and historical figures by applying retrospectively, and typically in the absence of the individual being diagnosed, contemporary diagnostic criteria. Although this may be relatively easy and free of consequences when it concerns clear-cut medical conditions, it may have unintended repercussions in the case of psychiatric disorders by creating myths and perpetuating stigma. The case of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer is a typical example where a somewhat facile and almost syllogistic application of perhaps over-inclusive criteria ma

The egg and larval pheromone dodecanoic acid mediates density-dependent oviposition of Phlebotomus papatasi.

BACKGROUND: Gravid females assess the conditions of oviposition sites to secure the growth and survival of their offspring. Conspecific-occupied sites may signal suitable oviposition sites but may also impose risk due to competition or cannibalism at high population density or heterogeneous larval stage structure, respectively. Chemicals in the habitat, including chemicals emitted from other organisms, serve as cues for females to assess habitat conditions. Here, we investigated the attraction and oviposition preference of the Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis vector, Phlebotomus papatasi, to …

Transoral intratracheal inoculation method for use with neonatal rats.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Studying the effects of toxic and infective compounds on the respiratory system requires a reliable method for delivering inoculum into the distal region of the lung. Although transoral intratracheal inoculation methods have been well documented for adult rats, to the authors' knowledge, a reliable method has not been validated for neonatal rats. The purpose of the study reported here was to develop a simple method for transoral inoculation in rat neonates. METHODS: Seven-day-old Fischer 344 rats were anesthetized with halothane, and a spinal needle was inserted in the

YtrG is a functional part of the ytrGABCDEF operon and contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity in Bacillus subtilis.

The Bacillus subtilis ytrGABCDEF operon consists of the transcriptional repressor YtrA, the ATP-binding cassette transporter subunits YtrB, … ent studies point toward a role in balancing cell wall synthesis and autolysis, possibly related to cannibalism. Despite thorough genetic, functional, and structural characterization of the operon, the function of its smallest component, YtrG, has remained unaddressed. Our findings provide the first insights into the role of YtrG and show that it is indeed a …

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Murine surgical models play an important role in preclinical research. Mechanistic insights into myocardial regeneration after cardiac injury may be gained from cardiothoracic surgery models in 0-14-day-old mice, the cardiomyocytes of which, unlike those of adults, retain proliferative capacity. Mouse pups up to 7 days old are effectively immobilized by hypothermia and do not require intubation for cardiothoracic surgery. Preadolescent (8-14-day-old) mouse pups, however, do require intubation, but this is challenging and there is little information regarding anesthesia to facilitate intubation

Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus Species from Chicken, Chicken Litter, and Humans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: In veterinary medicine, three Staphylococcus species are of particular importance as primary causes of specific diseases; S. aureus (mastitis in ruminants, equine botryomycosis, and bumble foot in poultry), S. hycus (porcine exudative epidermitis), and S. intermedius (canine pyoderma). The disease conditions caused by Staphylococcus in poultry vary with site, route, and predisposing factors include wounds as a result of fighting/cannibalism, immunosuppression based on virus infection or parasite infestation, and bad husbandry conditions (overcrowding). The objectives of this study …

Developing a HACCP-like system for improving animal health and welfare in organic egg production - based on an expert panel analysis.

In the process of developing a generic Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)-like system for securing animal health and welfare … ed problems were hunger, thirst, piling, crop impaction, blackhead, pasteurellosis, bone fractures, cannibalism, predators and red mites. A total of 154 different risk factors were suggested for these problems. The 41 risk factors which rated highest in a combined scoring of importance and occurrence were selected for further analysis. There was a high degree …

The transforming growth factor-beta 3 knock-out mouse: an animal model for cleft palate.

The recent report of a transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-beta 3) knock-out mouse in which 100 percent of the homozygous pups have cleft … n heterozygotes were then delivered by cesarean section at gestational day 18.5 to prevent maternal cannibalism of homozygote pups. All delivered pups were killed and their tails processed by polymerase chain reaction to verify genotype. The heads were then fixed and sectioned in axial, coronal, or sagittal planes. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and e …

Balancing selection at the prion protein gene consistent with prehistoric kurulike epidemics.

Kuru is an acquired prion disease largely restricted to the Fore linguistic group of the Papua New Guinea Highlands, which was transmitted during endocannibalistic feasts. Heterozygosity for a common polymorphism in the human prion protein gene (PRNP) confers relative resistance to prion diseases. Elderly survivors of the kuru epidemic, who had multiple exposures at mortuary feasts, are, in marked contrast to younger unexposed Fore, predominantly PRNP 129 heterozygotes. Kuru imposed strong balancing selection on the Fore, essentially eliminating PRNP 129 homozygotes. Worldwide PRNP haplotype d

Emergency-culling and mortality in growing/fattening pigs in a large Hungarian "farrow-to-finish" production unit.

The trial was carried out in a large Hungarian 2000 sow "farrow-to-finish" production unit. Out of a total number of 15,841 evaluated growin … htly more than 1%). Genetic problems were involved in 8.19% of the fatal cases and social stress or cannibalism related culling or mortality comprised 37 animals (2.81%). In 161 cases (12.20%) of the mortality the causes of death were not established. Two or more lesions related to culling or mortality were found in 320 pigs (24.26%, p < 0.001). The most comm …

Hypothesis: are neoplastic macrophages/microglia present in glioblastoma multiforme?

Most malignant brain tumours contain various numbers of cells with characteristics of activated or dysmorphic macrophages/microglia. These cells are generally considered part of the tumour stroma and are often described as TAM (tumour-associated macrophages). These types of cells are thought to either enhance or inhibit brain tumour progression. Recent evidence indicates that neoplastic cells with macrophage characteristics are found in numerous metastatic cancers of non-CNS (central nervous system) origin. Evidence is presented here suggesting that subpopulations of cells within human gliomas

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… Although numerous micro-organisms use cannibalism as a feeding mechanism, cellular cannibalism is an exclusive property of malignant tumour cells ( Fais, 2007 ). … J Lipid Res 1998 39 2218 2227 9799808 Fais S Cannibalism: a way to feed on metastatic tumors. Cancer Lett 2007 258 155 164 17977647 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.09.014 Fan X Salford LG Widegren B Glioma stem cells: evidence and limitation. …

CAR-T cell therapy clinical trials: global progress, challenges, and future directions from ClinicalTrials.gov insights.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has undergone vigorous development in recent years, yet it still faces significant challenges and difficulties in its clinical application and further development. A systematic synthesis of global trends in CAR-T clinical trials is essential to identify knowledge gaps, optimize treatment strategies, and guide future research directions. This review analyzed 1,580 CAR-T clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as of April 2024, and extracted characteristic data in multiple dimensions, including target specificity, treatment indication, an

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… Since CD7 is not only widely expressed on T-ALL cells, but also on the surface of almost 90%-96% of normal T cells, the possibility of CAR-T cell cannibalism should be considered when CD7 is used as a therapeutic target ( 16 ).In conjunction with advancements in gene editing technology (e.g., CD7 knockout …

Tarasca: ritual monster of Spain.

Let us now revisit our original assumptions. First, we note that for the participants in Hacinas Carnival the Tarasca is a figure of fun and … 1999). In the Hacinas festival the integrated themes are those of bodily mutilation, sexual abuse, cannibalism, death, and decay. All these themes come together in certain compelling Iberian traditions: misogyny, costumed parading, religious revitalization, ritual displacement of aggression onto external objects, spontaneous street theatre. All forms of aggr …

Bispecific antibody treatment of multiple myeloma: latest updates from the 2022 ASH annual meeting.

BackgroundEffective novel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) patients who are unresponsive to conventional treatments (triple-class refractory) are an urgent need. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) offer a promising new approach to stimulate T cells and induce tumor cell death by targeting molecules on the surface of malignant plasma cells and CD3 on the surface of T cells.ObjectivesAddressing the issue of improving the prognosis of triple-class refractory MM patients has become a significant clinical challenge.DesignThis is a brief report.MethodsThis article summarizes the latest updates of BsAb

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… It has a better preclinical safety profile compared to other CD38 × CD3 BsAb as it has lower cytokine release and less T cell cannibalism. …

Targeted CD7 CAR T-cells for treatment of T-Lymphocyte leukemia and lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia: recent advances.

The high expression of CD7 targets in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-lymphoma has attracted considerable attention from researchers. However, because CD7 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells undergo fratricide, CD7 CAR T-cells develop an exhaustion phenotype that impairs the effect of CAR T-cells. There have been significant breakthroughs in CD7-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in the past few years. The advent of gene editing, protein blockers, and other approaches has effectively overcome the adverse effects of conventional methods of CD7 CAR T-cells. This review, in conjunc

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… have been applied to the preparation of anti-CD7 CAR-T cells and have entered the clinical trial stage. (2) The CD7 protein is anchored on the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus by CD7 protein inhibitor, which prevents it from being expressed on the cells surface and avoids the emergence of cannibalism …

Antibody-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies.

As the most common type of cancer in the world, hematological malignancies (HM) account for 10% of all annual cancer deaths and have attracted more attention. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), could relieve patients suffering HM. However, serious side effects and high costs bring patients both physical complaints and mental pressure. Recently, compared with conventional therapeutic strategies for HM patients, antibody-based immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, oncolytic virus therapies, monoclonal antibody tr

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… There are two difficulties in T cell malignancy treatment: the acquirement of T cell-specific antigens and the serious cannibalism between T cells in the CAR-T preparation [ 71 ]. …

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neuroblastoma: Exploring Crosstalk and Therapeutic Implications.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid cancer in childhood, accounting for 15% of cancer-related deaths in children. In high-risk NB patients, the majority suffers from metastasis. Despite intensive multimodal treatment, long-term survival remains <40%. The bone marrow (BM) is among the most common sites of distant metastasis in patients with high-risk NB. In this environment, small populations of tumor cells can persist after treatment (minimal residual disease) and induce relapse. Therapy resistance of these residual tumor cells in BM remains a major obstacle for the cure of NB.

Spectrum of sublytic astrocytopathy in neuromyelitis optica.

Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder targeting aquaporin-4 water channels in CNS astrocytes. Histopathological descriptions of astrocytic lesions reported in neuromyelitis optica so far have emphasized a characteristic loss of aquaporin-4, with deposition of IgG and complement and lysis of astrocytes, but sublytic reactions have been underappreciated. We performed a multi-modality study of 23 neuromyelitis optica autopsy cases (clinically and/or pathologically confirmed; 337 tissue blocks). By evaluating astrocytic morphology, immunohistochemistry and AQP4 RNA transcript

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… Emperipolesis, entosis and cell cannibalism: demystifying the cloud . J Oral Maxillofac Pathol . 2017 ; 21 ( 1 ): 92 – 98 . 28479694 10.4103/0973-029X.203763 PMC5406827 54 Furer M , Hartloper V , Wilkins J , Nath A. Lymphocyte emperipolesis in human glial cells . …

Selenium Compounds as Novel Potential Anticancer Agents.

The high number of new cancer incidences and the associated mortality continue to be alarming, leading to the search for new therapies that would be more effective and less burdensome for patients. As there is evidence that Se compounds can have chemopreventive activity, studies have begun to establish whether these compounds can also affect already existing cancers. This review aims to discuss the different classes of Se-containing compounds, both organic and inorganic, natural and synthetic, and the mechanisms and molecular targets of their anticancer activity. The chemical classes discussed

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… Entosis is a form of cancer cell cannibalism, in which a living cell is absorbed into the cytoplasm of another cell and then digested by lysosomal enzymes. This process is based on the principle of autophagy but without the presence of autophagosomes [ 87 ]. …