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Thymoquinone regulates RSL3-induced ferroptosis in the alzheimer mouse hippocampus.

INTRODUCTION: Ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical contributing factor to hippocampal neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysregulated iron homeostasis exacerbates oxidative injury, impairing cognitive function. This study provides experimental evidence that thymoquinone (TQ) exerts neuroprotective effects in an AD-related ferroptosis model by modulating iron, lipid, and glutathione metabolism. METHODS: Thirty female C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks, 18-22 g) were randomly allocated into five groups: 1- Control,

SEEG guided hippocampus-sparing resection in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECTIVES: Describe the clinical, neurophysiological, and radiological characteristics of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent hippocampus-sparing anterior temporal lobectomy with a particular emphasis on the stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) findings that guided the decision to spare the hippocampus. METHODS: We included patients who underwent hippocampus-sparing anterior temporal lobectomy and stereoelectroencephalography at Lille University Hospital. We reported their clinical, characteristics as well as the results of their presurgical evaluation, neuroimagi…

Neuronal Activity in Rat Hippocampus During Light-Intensity Treadmill Running.

In the early 2000s, it became evident that exercise enhances brain function, particularly in the hippocampus, attracting considerable attention. However, at that time, most studies relied on the voluntary wheel running model for experiments, it was unclear whether exercise conditions affected the impact of exercise on the hippocampus. Therefore, aiming to obtain translational insights applicable to humans, we focused on exercise intensity and started with the research investigating whether light-intensity exercise activates hippocampal neural activity in rats. We established an original runnin…

Episodic Memory formation: A review of complex Hippocampus input pathways.

Memories of everyday experiences involve the encoding of a rich and dynamic representation of present objects and their contextual features. … l these different stages and provide a systematic overview of the major cortical streams toward the Hippocampus relevant for Episodic Memory encoding.

Full-scale scaffold model of the human hippocampus CA1 area.

The increasing availability of quantitative data on the human brain is opening new avenues to study neural function and dysfunction, thus bringing us closer and closer to the implementation of digital twin applications for personalized medicine. Here we provide a resource to the neuroscience community: a computational method to generate full-scale scaffold model of human brain regions starting from microscopy images. We have benchmarked the method to reconstruct the CA1 region of a right human hippocampus, which accounts for about half of the entire right hippocampal formation. Together with 3…

Басал Форбрэйн-Дорсал Гиппокампус Шолинергский цикл регулирует оличную ассоциативную учебу.

Базальное предсердие, анатомически неоднородная область мозга, содержащая множество различных субрегионов и нейронных популяций, проникает во многие области мозга, включая гиппокамп (HIP), ключевую область мозга, отвечающую за обучение и память. Хотя недавние исследования показали, что болезнетворные холинезические нейроны (БФХН) участвуют в обонятельном ассоциативном обучении и воспоминании, потенциальная нейронная цепь еще не полностью рассеяна. Здесь, используя стратегию отслеживания с помощью моносинпаптических систем переднего типа, мы обнаружили, что БФХН в различных субрегионах прогнози

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The basal forebrain, an anatomically heterogeneous brain area containing multiple distinct subregions and neuronal populations, innervates many brain regions including the hippocampus (HIP), a key brain region responsible for learning and memory. Although recent studies have revealed that basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are involved in olfactory …

The Hippocampus and Neocortical Inhibitory Engrams Protect against Memory Interference.

Our experiences often overlap with each other, yet we are able to selectively recall individual memories to guide decisions and future actions. The neural mechanisms that support such precise memory recall remain unclear. Here, using ultra-high field 7T MRI we reveal two distinct mechanisms that protect memories from interference. The first mechanism involves the hippocampus, where the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal predicts behavioral measures of memory interference, and representations of context-dependent memories are pattern separated according to their relational overlap. The …

Automated segmentation of the human hippocampus along its longitudinal axis.

The human hippocampal formation is a crucial brain structure for memory and cognitive function that is closely related to other subcortical and cortical brain regions. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed differences along the hippocampal longitudinal axis in terms of structure, connectivity, and function, stressing the importance of improving the reliability of the available segmentation methods that are typically used to divide the hippocampus into its anterior and posterior parts. However, current segmentation conventions present two main sources of variability related to manual operat…

BDNF Val66Met impairs fluoxetine-induced enhancement of adult hippocampus plasticity.

Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (BDNF Val66Met) has been linked to the … ic (28-day) fluoxetine treatment. BDNF(Met/Met) mice had decreased basal BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus that did not significantly increase following fluoxetine treatment. BDNF(Met/Met) mice had impaired survival of newly born cells and LTP in the dentate gyrus; the LTP effects remained blunted following fluoxetine treatment. The observed effects of t …

Aspirin increases NMDA receptor subunit 2A concentrations in rat hippocampus.

The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a heteromeric protein, is a glutamate receptor that has three classes of subunits: NR1, NR2, and NR3. It has been reported that these receptors are involved in synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and many other processes in the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of aspirin on hippocampal NMDARs. Sixteen rats were studied in two groups, with eight animals in each group. The first group was the control group, and the second one was the aspirin-given group. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) was administered orally

Functional dissociation between fornix and hippocampus in spatial conditional learning.

Do lesions of the fornix or the hippocampus impair the performance of spatial conditional associative learning tasks, and to what extent does damage to these brain structures result in comparable deficits in this type of spatial behavior? The available evidence is not clear. In the present study, rats with lesions of the fornix, hippocampus, and normal control animals were trained on two spatial-visual conditional learning tasks in which they had to form arbitrary associations between visual stimuli and the context in which these stimuli were embedded. In one condition, rats were required to c…

Midazolam inhibits neophobia-induced Fos expression in the rat hippocampus.

The effect of midazolam on expression of c-Fos protein was examined in the rat hippocampus, following the open field test of neophobia. It was found that pretreatment of rats with midazolam, at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg, enhanced rat exploratory behavior, and inhibited neophobia related stimulation of c-Fos in the CA-1 and CA-3 areas of the hippocampus. The presented results provide new immunocytochemical data on the involvement of hippocampus in emotional processes related to neophobia, and indicate a possible site of action of benzodiazepines.

Gene expression in cortex and hippocampus during acute pneumococcal meningitis.

BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal meningitis is associated with high mortality (approximately 30%) and morbidity. Up to 50% of survivors are affected by neurological sequelae due to a wide spectrum of brain injury mainly affecting the cortex and hippocampus. Despite this significant disease burden, the genetic program that regulates the host response leading to brain damage as a consequence of bacterial meningitis is largely unknown. We used an infant rat model of pneumococcal meningitis to assess gene expression profiles in cortex and hippocampus at 22 and 44 hours after infection and in controls at 2…

Electroconvulsive seizures induce endothelial cell proliferation in adult rat hippocampus.

BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive seizures, an animal model for electroconvulsive treatment, induce a strong increase in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rats. Hippocampal neurogenesis has previously been described as occurring in an angiogenic niche. This study examines the effect of electroconvulsive seizures on proliferation of vascular cells in rat hippocampus. METHODS: Rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine to label proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus after single/multiple electroconvulsive seizures in a dose-response study and at various time points after single electrocon…

Cytochrome oxidase is decreased in piglet hippocampus following hypoxia-ischemia.

We assessed cytochrome oxidase (CytOx) staining in sham-operated control piglets and in piglets subjected to 30 minutes of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) plus 4 hours of reperfusion (REP). The 1-day-old piglets were sedated, anesthetized, and ventilated. Cerebral blood flows (CBFs) were quantitated using microspheres. H-I was induced by a combination of phlebotomy and cervical tourniquet; the brain was reperfused for four hours after 30 minutes of H-I. CBF was reduced during ischemia in experimental animals from 42 + 13 to 12 + 5 ml/min/100g. CytOx staining of hippocampal sections from 3 cont

Prenatal protein malnutrition in rats enhances serotonin release from hippocampus.

The effect of prenatal protein malnutrition on central serotonin metabolism was assessed in 220- to 240-d-old male rats. The malnourished rats (denoted 6,25 group) were males born to dams fed a 6% casein diet during pregnancy and fostered at birth to dams fed a control (25% casein) diet. They were compared with males born to dams fed 25% casein diet. Tissue concentrations of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, L-tryptophan and catecholamines in the hippocampal formation in the 6,25 group were similar to those of well-fed controls (25,25 group). However, a twofold greate

Astrocytic ankyrin-2 enables memory persistence in the mouse hippocampus.

Memory persistence, the ability to retain information over time, is a fundamental feature of long-term memory. Although astrocytes contribute to synaptic plasticity, the molecular mechanisms by which they support memory persistence remain unclear. Here we show that astrocytic ankyrin-2 (Ank2) is required for memory persistence in adult mice. Astrocyte-specific deletion of Ank2 impaired remote memory without affecting recent memory and disrupted the maintenance of long-term potentiation. Loss of Ank2 reduced astrocyte contacts with engram neurons and impaired astrocyte morphogenesis driven by b

Transsynaptic neural circuit mapping of ventral hippocampus motivational control systems.

The ventral hippocampus contributes to food intake regulation and a range of motivational and memory processes, and its dysfunction is associated with several cognitive and behavioral disorders. However, its circuit-level organization remains incompletely understood. Ventral CA1 (CA1v) neurons send projections to several regions involved in motivational control. Here we focus on three major forebrain targets: the nucleus accumbens shell (ACBsh), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). We mapped the upstream and downstream circuitry of CA1v neurons defined by their…

Network Activity Shapes Inhibitory Synaptic Development in the Mouse Hippocampus.

The proper development of excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is critical for brain function, as any imbalance has been associated with myriad neuropsychiatric disorders. How this balance evolves during synaptic development remains unclear. To address this question, we examine how manipulations of signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα), a cell adhesion molecule that organizes excitatory synaptogenesis in the hippocampus, affect inhibitory synaptogenesis to maintain E/I balance, using mice of either sex. SIRPα primarily localizes to excitatory synapses. Overexpression or inactivation of SIRPα in a…