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Helminth therapy and multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a common and frequently disabling neurological disease of young adults. It is characterised by recurrent areas of focal inflammation (plaques) in the CNS which give rise to episodic neurological signs and symptoms. According to the hygiene (microbial deprivation) hypothesis, evolutionarily abnormal high levels of sanitation in the environment of the developed world may contribute to disordered immunoregulation in this and other putative autoimmune disorders. Helminths have been shown to augment immunoregulation. On this basis, the possibility of treating multiple sclerosi…

BG-12 in multiple sclerosis.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally administered agent that has been used for over 40 years for the treatment of psoriasis. Recent work dem … administered, enteric-coated microtablet preparation of DMF. In two phase III, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) trials, BG-12 led to a 44 to 53% reduction in annualized relapse rate and a 71 to 85% reduction in new T2 lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. The most common side effects of BG-12 are cutaneous flushing and gastrointestinal symptoms, with th …

Multiple sclerosis: pregnancy and motherhood.

Although at any time in the UK there are about 20,000 women with multiple sclerosis (MS) who may be considering having children, very little is known about their experiences or about those who have had children after the onset of disease. Using semi structured interviews, we explored the childbearing experiences of nine women with MS in order to better understand their expectations, needs and concerns associated with pregnancy, childbirth and mothering. A major concern for women with MS was theirs and their babies' health and future wellbeing, especially how pregnancy can impact their long ter…

Гейт-изменчивость и многоразовый склероз

Изменчивость гейта, т.е. колебания в движении во время ходьбы, является показателем ходьбы и связана с различными негативными последствиями, такими, как падение. В настоящем документе обсуждаются текущие исследования, касающиеся изменчивости походов у лиц с множественным склерозом (МС). Общеизвестно, что лица, имеющие НР, имеют бóльшую изменчивость по сравнению с возрастом и полом, совпадающую с контролем без НР. Причины увеличения изменчивости походов не вполне понятны. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что уровень инвалидности, использование ассистивных устройств, требования внимания и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Gait variability, that is, fluctuations in movement during walking, is an indicator of walking function and has been associated with various adverse outcomes such as falls. In this paper, current research concerning gait variability in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is discussed. It is well established that persons with MS have greater gait variability…

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Cognitive impairment occurs in 40-65% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, typically involving complex attention, information processing speed, (episodic) memory and executive functions. It is seen in the subclinical radiologically isolated syndrome, clinically isolated syndrome, and all phases of clinical MS. In pediatric-onset MS cognition is frequently impaired and worsens relatively rapidly. Cognitive impairment often affects personal life and vocational status. Depression, anxiety and fatigue aggravate symptoms, whereas cognitive reserve partially protects. Cognitive dysfunction correlate…

Multiple sclerosis and sexual dysfunction.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by episodic and progressive neurologic dysfunction resulting from inflammatory and autoimmune reactions. The underlying pathogenesis of MS remains largely unclear. However, it is currently accepted as a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Among other clinical manifestations, sexual dysfunction (SD) is a painful but still underreported and underdiagnosed symptom of the disorder. SD in MS patients may result from a complex set of conditions and may be associated with multiple anat…

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and characterized by neurological and cognitive manifestations. The disease is more common in populations living in high altitudes with low sun exposure, women more than men, and certain ethnic backgrounds more than others. The etiology of MS is yet unknown, although several factors have been implicated in its development. These include genetic factors and environmental factors as well as dietary components and their interactions. Among the dietary components that have recently attracted the attention is vitamin D…

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data support a potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). In vitro studies have expanded the potential role of vitamin D and its receptor beyond calcium modulation, regulation, and maintenance of bone mineralization, to include immune modulation. REVIEW SUMMARY: Whether vitamin D immunomodulatory effects can be translated into clinical benefits in MS patients is still a matter of debate. A review of the biochemistry of vitamin D and its synthesized derivatives is discussed in the context of treat…

Efferent manifestations of multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the various efferent visual system disorders associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). RECENT FINDINGS: Studies have supported the use of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, a model to study effects of fatigue and heat in MS patients. SUMMARY: There are a host of efferent ocular manifestations that can present throughout the course of MS. These may manifest as blurred vision, potentially misleading both the patient and clinician to suspect an afferent visual deficit. Other efferent symptoms include diplopia, oscillopsia, and vertigo. The efferent system can be divided i…

Treating pain in multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, central nervous system disease that frequently causes pain. AREAS COVERED: This article reviews the current literature and describes the therapeutic options for treating MS-related pain. The reader will be provided with current, evidence-based knowledge about the treatment of MS-related pain, and the review will take a practical approach to the various drugs for treating pain, including starting dose, titration and side effects. EXPERT OPINION: Only cannabinoids have been assessed in randomized, controlled trials. Becau…

Autonomic disorders in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease leading to disseminated lesions of the central nervous system resulting in both somatomotor and autonomic disturbances. These involve the central centers of the autonomic nervous system, as well as the automatic control and pathway systems. All autonomic functions may be disordered individually or in combined form. There is no other disease with a clinical picture so multifaceted. Besides cardiovascular dysfunctions disorders of bladder and rectum have become apparent. Somatomotor and autonomic disturbances occur with similar frequency; however the…

Functional treatments in multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding and management of symptoms and dysfunctions associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). RECENT FINDINGS: A broad spectrum of dysfunctions associated with MS are under investigation. Research published in the past year and a half addresses gait dysfunction, exercise training, fatigue, bowel/bladder and sexual dysfunction, and sleep disruption. Functional electrical stimulation and strength training have been validated for improvement in gait and motor function. Exercise training has been shown to benefit mood and quali…

Cell therapy for multiple sclerosis.

The spontaneous recovery observed in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) is substituted with a later progressive course and failure of endogenous processes of repair and remyelination. Although this is the basic rationale for cell therapy, it is not clear yet to what degree the MS brain is amenable for repair and whether cell therapy has an advantage in comparison to other strategies to enhance endogenous remyelination. Central to the promise of stem cell therapy is the therapeutic plasticity, by which neural precursors can replace damaged oligodendrocytes and myelin, and also effectiv…

[Current treatment of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and degenerative disorder. In the past decades, the introduction of parenteral immunomodulatory therapies brought significant progress. These agents increase the number of relapses (shubs) by about 30%, and some of them has been shown to halter the accumulation of neurological symptoms and the development of disability. As first-line agents, interferon beta and glatiramer acetate (consisting of amino acids) can be used. Some new therapeutic strategies have been developed as a result of biotechnological development. The advantage of humanised monoclonal …

Treating multiple sclerosis with natalizumab.

Natalizumab is the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Pivotal trials demonstrated the efficacy of natalizumab on clinical and paraclinical measures of disease activity and disability progression. Although a direct comparison has not been performed yet, natalizumab seems to be more efficacious than the currently available immunomodulant drugs, such as IFN-β and glatiramer acetate. Despite its efficacy, the occurrence of an increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with the treatment, raises concerns about its widespread use i…