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Atrial Fibrillation in Valvular Heart Disease: Assessing the Impact of Genetics in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in valvular heart disease (VHD) is generally attributed to pressure or volume overload with atrial remodeling, but the independent contribution of genetic predisposition remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluated the predictive value of a previously developed AF polygenic risk score (PRS) across VHD subtypes in the UK Biobank. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study (UK Biobank, 2000-2022), incident AF and VHD status were defined using ICD codes. VHD subtypes included mitral valve (MV) disease (MV prolapse [MVP], mitral regurgitation, mitral ste…

Age- and sex-dependent associations of metabolic syndrome with colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: The concurrent rise in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the changing age profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) necessitates clarifying the heterogeneity in their association across demographic groups. This study aimed to define the precise age- and sex-specific associations between MetS and CRC risk, addressing a key gap to inform targeted prevention paradigms. METHODS: In this cohort study, we analysed data from UK Biobank participants aged 40-69 years (recruited 2006-2010). Participants were stratified by age (<60 or ≥60 years) and sex into four groups. Multivariable Cox proportional …

Lipoprotein(a) and long-term revascularization burden: a recurrent-event analysis of the UK Biobank.

AIMS: To investigate whether elevated Lp(a) is independently associated with cumulative coronary, peripheral, and carotid revascularization burden in a primary prevention cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed 237 729 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry free of ASCVD at baseline, followed for a median of 14.1 years. Lp(a) was analysed using the ESC/EAS 2025 threshold of 105 nmol/L and continuously (per 50 nmol/L increment). The primary outcome was the total number of coronary, peripheral, and carotid revascularization procedures per person. Given the genetically determined, lifelon…

Triglyceride-Related Indices and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Prospective Study in UK Biobank.

Triglyceride-related indices, including triglyceride-glucose (TyG), TyG related to body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG related to waist circumference (TyG-WC), TyG related to waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), cardiometabolic index (CMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP), are simple surrogate indicators of insulin resistance. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the association between triglyceride-related indices and acute pancreatitis (AP). A total of 387,275 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Cox regression mod…

Association between allostatic load and risk of breast carcinoma in situ in the UK biobank.

BACKGROUND: The association between allostatic load (AL) and breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) remains unclear. We investigated this relationship in the UK Biobank while also assessing its role in invasive breast cancer (IDC) for comparison. METHODS: Using data from the UK Biobank, we included 159,240 women (40-69 years). AL was derived from 12 biomarkers. Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and time-dependent ROC curves were used to assess associations with BCIS and IDC. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 13.65 years, 1,320 BCIS and 7,197 IDC cases occurred. In f…

Generational changes in cardiometabolic disease incidence by risk factor strata in the UK Biobank.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed generational changes in the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) by risk factor strata. METHODS: For each disease, we included baseline (2006-2010) disease-free UK Biobank participants and prospectively calculated age-specific incidence rates across seven consecutive five-year birth-cohorts (1936-1940 to 1966-1970). We applied Age-Period-Cohort models to examine age-independent birth-cohort effects in strata by sex, genetic risks, socioeconomic status, s…

Risk of epilepsy in people with adult-onset hydrocephalus: insights from the UK Biobank.

AIM: We aim to determine whether individuals with adult-onset hydrocephalus have an increased risk of incident epilepsy over time. METHODS: We analysed data from the UK Biobank cohort. Diagnoses of "hydrocephalus" and "epilepsy" were identified through ICD-10-coded health records, excluding congenital and secondary cases. The association between these two diseases was investigated using logistic regression (adjusted for age and sex); subsequently, we performed a sampled cohort study to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident epilepsy in people with adult-onset hydrocephalus using Cox prop…

Assessing the Importance of Variation in Diagnostic Coding Among the Three Countries in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: The UK Biobank (UKB) study has linked hospital inpatient data collected from England, Scotland, and Wales, which use different clinical coding systems to record health outcomes. Scotland records up to 6 different diagnostic codes for one inpatient episode, compared with up to 20 in England and 14 in Wales. We assessed the relationship of the variations in diagnostic coding among countries on observed disease incidence rates. METHODS: We examined the number of diagnoses coded by each country, and then compared the incidence of three diseases between countries: Parkinson's disease (…

Joint effects of childhood adversity and genetic risk for psychosis on psychopathology in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: The individual effects of genetic factors and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on risk of psychosis, including schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BIP), have been widely acknowledged, but their interaction effects on individual psychopathological symptoms remain unclear. METHODS: Based on data from 163,704 individuals in the UK Biobank, we investigated the joint effects of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of SCZ and BIP and ACEs on psychopathology. ACEs status and 55 psychopathological symptoms from seven domains were measured retrospectively using an online mental health qu…

Parkinson's disease dementia and hearing impairment, are they related? A UK biobank pilot analysis.

Hearing impairment is implicated as a risk factor for the incidence of all-cause dementia. However, few studies have explored the relationship between hearing loss and specific rarer dementia subtypes. Therefore, this pilot study sought to explore whether hearing impairment, estimated using a speech-in-noise test (the digit triplet test, DTT), is a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) incidence. We conducted a pre-registered prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data from 158,686 individuals (72,015 males; 86,671 females), who underwent the DTT, and were free from PDD at the …

Sleep and circadian health in the UK Biobank: report on the 2023 sleep questionnaire enhancement.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Our study introduced the 2023 UK Biobank sleep questionnaire and described variation in sleep health dimensions and the prevalence of disordered sleep. METHODS: A questionnaire comprising validated measures and bespoke items was developed to capture key self-reported domains of sleep health and symptoms of sleep disorders. We quantified cohort prevalence of operationally defined sleep disorders and assessed the patterning of sleep health dimensions across key sociodemographic and clinically relevant variables. RESULTS: A total of 183 704 individuals completed at least one m…

Association of dietary sodium intake with IL-17-mediated diseases in the UK biobank.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: IL-17-mediated diseases have great global burden. Basic science research suggests that excessive sodium intake can trigger systemic IL-17-mediated inflammation, but population-based data on the association between sodium intake and IL-17-mediated diseases are limited. We aimed to understand if increased estimated dietary sodium is associated with higher rates of IL-17-mediated disease. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using UK Biobank data from 468,673 participants (aged 37-73 years) recruited between March 2006 and October 2010. The exposure, …

The impact of mild cognitive impairment on healthcare utilization and costs: A UK Biobank study.

INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in older adults, but the burden on patients and health systems is not well understood. We aimed to estimate the impact of MCI on healthcare utilization and costs. METHODS: This was a matched cohort study in UK Biobank comparing healthcare costs and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia incidence rates in participants with MCI to propensity score-matched participants without MCI. RESULTS: Of 164,508 eligible participants, 6605(4%) had cognitive testing scores consistent with MCI. Ten-year inpatient costs were 7.6% higher in MCI versus matche…

Associations between women reproductive factors and the risk of depression and anxiety in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: The higher prevalence of depression and anxiety among women attracted widespread attention. However, investigations into the underlying etiology remained insufficient. This study aimed to investigate associations between female reproductive factors and the risk of depression and anxiety. METHODS: 249,140 female participants of the UK Biobank were included in this study. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations. Multiple adjusted restricted cubic splines were constructed to assess the shape of continuous reproductive factors associated wit…

Fat Fraction and Iron Concentration in Lumbar Vertebral Bone Marrow in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Vertebral bone marrow (VBM) plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and metabolic health. Alterations in VBM fat and iron composition have been linked to age-related metabolic and musculoskeletal disorders, yet remain underexplored in large population-based studies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess VBM adipose tissue and iron concentration in the UK Biobank imaging cohort (N = 26,524) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: VBM adipose tissue using two approaches: fat fraction (FF) measured from 2-point Dixon MRI images and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) from…

Assessment of physical activity patterns in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using the UK Biobank.

Measures of physical activity patterns that may characterize rheumatoid arthritis status were investigated, using actigraphy data from a large, prospective database study (UK Biobank). Population characterization identified 1080 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis who participated in accelerometer-measured physical activity data collection and met the eligibility criteria; these individuals were subsequently matched with 2160 non-rheumatoid arthritis controls. Raw actigraphy data were pre-processed to interpretable acceleration magnitude and general signal-based features were used to derive …

Sarcopenia in atrial fibrillation: a risk factor for adverse outcomes in a UK Biobank study.

AIMS: Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced muscle mass and function, has been increasingly implicated in cardiovascular disorders. However, its prognostic relevance in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between sarcopenia and adverse outcomes in individuals with AF using UK Biobank data. METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective cohort study included individuals with AF enrolled between 2006 and 2010 at 22 centres. Sarcopenia was defined per European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria as low muscle strength and/or low mus…

Associations of combined lifestyle and metabolic risks with cancer incidence in the UK biobank study.

BACKGROUND: Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of various cancers, the combined impact of MetS and healthy lifestyle factors (HLF) on cancer risk is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of MetS and HLF on the risk of 16 site-specific cancers in a large community-based cohort. METHODS: A total of 289,557 participants in the UK Biobank were analyzed. MetS was defined using a combination of metabolic factors, while HLF scores were evaluated based on lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical ac…

Timing and Predictive Value of Clinical Conditions Preceding Multiple Sclerosis in the UK Biobank.

OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often experience a higher incidence of clinical conditions before diagnosis, suggesting a prodromal phase. However, their predictive value and temporal trajectories remain underexplored. We investigated these aspects using the large UK Biobank's population-based cohort, which provided clinical history through ICD-10 diagnosis codes. METHODS: We assessed associations between 600 clinical conditions and MS risk in 477,421 individuals using Cox models adjusted for demographics, smoking, and MS polygenic risk score (MS-PRS). Statistically significant c…

Взаимодействие полов и генотипов в ассоциациях по борьбе с заболеваниями: комплексный сетевой анализ в Биобанке Соединенного Королевства.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Сопоставимость заболеваний и более долгосрочные осложнения, обусловленные биологическими связями между фенотипами, могут привести к повышению риска серьезных последствий для здоровья. С учетом того, что многие болезни отличаются по признаку пола в их генетике, наша цель состояла в том, чтобы определить, влияют ли связи генотипа в разбивке по полу (GxS) аналогичным образом на межфенотипные ассоциации. Путем сопоставления сетей по борьбе с болезнями, которые были зарегистрированы на сексуальной почве, где узлы представляют собой болезни и края, представляют собой их взаимо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Disease comorbidities and longer-term complications, arising from biologically related associations across phenotypes, can lead … tigate sex differences in patterns of polygenicity and pleiotropy between diseases. RESULTS: Using UK Biobank summary statistics, we built male- and female-specific DDNs for 103 diseases. This revealed that male and female diseasomes have similar topology and central diseases (e.g., hypertensive, chronic respiratory, and thyroid-based disorders), yet some p …