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Infectious diseases in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: prevention and prophylaxis strategy guidelines 2016.

Infectious complications after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remain a clinical challenge. This is a guideline provided by the AGIHO (Infectious Diseases Working Group) of the DGHO (German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology). A core group of experts prepared a preliminary guideline, which was discussed, reviewed, and approved by the entire working group. The guideline provides clinical recommendations for the preventive management including prophylactic treatment of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases. The guideline focuses on antimicrobial

Abstract

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CRISPR-Cas9 Therapeutics in Early Clinical Development: Delivery and Molecular Diagnostics.

CRISPR-Cas9 has progressed from an experimental tool to a therapeutic modality, marked by the first regulatory approvals of an ex vivo-edited autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell product that induces fetal hemoglobin (CASGEVY/exa-cel). In this narrative review, we synthesize modality-specific molecular diagnostic strategies used across early CRISPR clinical translation. In parallel, early clinical experience has begun to demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo editing, including subretinal delivery for CEP290-associated inherited retinal degeneration (EDIT-101 programme) and hepatocyte-targ

Bone marrow microenvironment in myelodysplastic neoplasms: insights into pathogenesis, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of malignant hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) disorders characterized by cytopenia, ineffective hematopoiesis, as well as the potential to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The pathogenesis of MDS is influenced by intrinsic factors, such as genetic insults, and extrinsic factors, including altered bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) composition and architecture. BMM is reprogrammed in MDS, initially to prevent the development of the disease but eventually to provide a survival advantage to dysplastic cells. Rec

Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Trends in Pakistan: Activity Survey from Pakistan Bone Marrow Transplant Group.

Pakistan is the fifth most populous country with a population of 225 million and has health expenditure accounting for only 2.8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Accordingly, there are a limited number of haematology-oncology and transplant centers in the country. The Pakistan Blood and Marrow Transplant (PBMT) group was established in 2020, and this report is the first activity survey from January 2021 to December 2022 focusing on the trends of matched-related donor, haploidentical, and autologous transplants in a developing country. A total of 12 transplant centers contributed data on

Периоперативные соображения для пациентов с множественной миеломой.

Множественная миелома — неизлечимый рак, характеризующийся распространением клональных плазменных клеток, в основном в костном мозге, но вызывающий широкомасштабные системные осложнения. Кроме того, этот рак обычно встречается у пожилых пациентов, которые часто являются слабыми и страдают от многочисленных коморбидов. Общемировая распространенность множественной миеломы неуклонно возрастает, а терапевтические достижения способствуют повышению уровня выживания. Существует несколько осложнений миеломы, о которых анестезиолог должен знать в связи с самим заболеванием, конкретными и подкрепляющими

Clinical outcomes after idecabtagene vicleucel in older patients with multiple myeloma: a multicenter real-world experience.

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is not well described in older patients, a population that has higher frailty and comorbidities. In this multicenter retrospective study, we evaluated clinical outcomes along with frailty and geriatric characteristics such as comorbidities, polypharmacy, falls, neuropathy, organ dysfunction, and performance status in younger (aged <65 years) vs older (aged ≥65 years) patients who received commercial idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel). A total of 156 patients (n = 75, aged ≥65 years) were infused with ide-cel by data cuto

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… Recently, a review was conducted to understand the complex problem of CART therapy–associated cytopenias, which could negatively affect patient outcomes with increased infections, use of blood component transfusions, and increased use of medical resources. 20 In our study population, the rates of grade …

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in oncology: a study-level meta-analysis of survival and other safety outcomes.

BackgroundCancer patients often develop the potentially debilitating condition of anaemia. Numerous controlled studies indicate that erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) can raise haemoglobin levels and reduce transfusion requirements in anaemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. To evaluate recent safety concerns regarding ESAs, we carried out a meta-analysis of controlled ESA oncology trials to examine whether ESA use affects survival, disease progression and risk of venous-thromboembolic events.MethodsThis meta-analysis included studies from the 2006 Cochrane meta-analysis, studies

Probiotics and nanoparticle-mediated nutrient delivery in the management of transfusion-supported diseases.

Bone marrow is vital for hematopoiesis, producing blood cells essential for oxygen transport, immune defense, and clotting. However, disorders like leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes can severely disrupt its function, leading to life-threatening complications. Traditional treatments, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplants, have significantly improved patient outcomes but are often associated with severe side effects and limitations, necessitating the exploration of safer, more targeted therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising a

The Composite Health Risk Assessment Model (CHARM) Predicts Overall Mortality and Relapse, But Not Non-Relapse Mortality, in Adults Following Unrelated Single-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation

OBJECTIVE: Concerns about excessive non-relapse mortality (NRM) are a major issue following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Although the HCT-Specific Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) was established as a stratification model for NRM following allogeneic HCT, the Composite Health Risk Assessment Model (CHARM) score was also developed to predict the risk of NRM and overall mortality following allogeneic HCT from adult donors, particularly in older patients. The CHARM score has been shown to predict these outcomes better than the HCT-CI alone. However, the prognostic value of the C

Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients.

Oncological emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy and need to be recognized promptly to maximize successful outcomes. Emergencies are characterized as chemotherapy-induced, paraneoplastic syndromes, or directly related to the neoplasm. Prompt identification with treatment of these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This review aims to educate the reader on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of some of these emergencies, and to review the current veterinary literature to help

The Dynamic Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) as a Predictor of Early Death and Long-Term Survival in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL): A Multicenter Study.

Background/Objectives: Early death (ED) remains the primary barrier to long-term survival in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Since current risk stratification models rely solely on static baseline parameters, they fail to capture the high biological volatility during the induction phase. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the dynamic evolution of the endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX). Materials and Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study analyzed 131 newly diagnosed adult APL patients treated with the AIDA protocol. EASIX scores were calculated at admission (

Mobilization Strategies in Myeloma Patients Intended for Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma is currently the leading indication for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). A prerequisite for AHCT is mobilization and collection of adequate blood graft to support high-dose therapy. Current mobilization strategies include granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or in combination with chemotherapy most commonly cyclophosphamide (CY). More recently, plerixafor has become into agenda especially in patients who mobilize poorly. In the selection of a mobilization method, several factors should be considered.SummaryPreplanned collection tar

Does access to clinical study reports from the European Medicines Agency reduce reporting biases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in cancer patients.

Since 2010, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has provided access to clinical study reports (CSRs). We requested CSRs for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in cancer patients from EMA and identified RCT publications with literature searches. We assessed CSR availability and completeness, the impact of unreported and unpublished data obtained from CSRs on the effects of ESAs on quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients, and discrepancies between data reported in the public domain and in CSRs. We used random-effects meta-analyses to evaluate the eff

Hematology

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Свежая (некриотечная) аутологическая трансплантация стволовых клеток в множестве миеломы: ускоренная пересадка и сокращение госпитализации.

Криопрезентативная автологичная трансплантация стволовых клеток с использованием диметила сульфооксида является стандартной в случае множественной миеломы, однако она связана с токсичностью, связанной с вливанием, и высокой стоимостью. Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке осуществимости, безопасности и результатов аутологической трансплантации стволовых клеток без диметила сульфооксида, свежего (не криопехотного) аутоголита у нескольких пациентов, страдающих миеломой, в одном третичном центре. МЕТОДЫ: В период с 2023 по 2025 год в больнице Университета Докуза Эйлюля был проведен ретрос

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-50 years of evolution and future perspectives.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a highly specialized and unique medical procedure. Autologous transplantation allows the administration of high-dose chemotherapy without prolonged bone marrow aplasia. In allogeneic transplantation, donor-derived stem cells provide alloimmunity that enables a graft-versus-tumor effect to eradicate residual disease and prevent relapse. The first allogeneic transplantation was performed by E. Donnall Thomas in 1957. Since then the field has evolved and expanded worldwide. New indications beside acute leukemia and aplastic anemia have been constantly ex

Frequent co-reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus in patients with cytomegalovirus viremia under immunosuppressive therapy and/or chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Co-reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occurs in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients, but the clinical relevance of this is unknown. We aimed to determine the frequency of EBV reactivation in patients with CMV viremia and to explore its clinical significance. METHODS: Serum or plasma CMV and EBV DNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR in 82 patients who received immunosuppressive therapy and/or chemotherapy and underwent CMV antigenemia tests. RESULTS: CMV DNA was positive in 55 patients, with EBV reactivation being found in 29 of these (

&quot; Nucleolus in Human Beasons: Ribosome Biogenesis &quot; , &quot; Nucleolar Survey &quot; и &quot; Terrapeutic Opportunities &quot; .

Nucleolus превратился в динамичную и многофункциональную субядерную органилию, интегрирующую рибосомный биогенез с клеточным ростом и сигнализацией стресса. Регулирование нуклеолярной функции все чаще признается в качестве главного движителя человеческих заболеваний, связывающего изменённое рибосомное производство и нуклеолярное наблюдение с раком, рибосомопатиями, синдромами преждевременного старения, нейродегенерацией и иммунными расстройствами. В этом обзоре мы интегрируем структурные, молекулярные и болезнетворные перспективы нуклеолярной биологии для определения того, как рипосомный биоге

45th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine.

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