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Mitigating disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Tanzania: an exploratory study of the effects of two facility-based interventions in a large public hospital.

BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence that disrespect and abuse (D&A) during facility-based childbirth is prevalent in countries throughout the world and a barrier to achieving good maternal health outcomes. However, much work remains in the identification of effective interventions to prevent and eliminate D&A during facility-based childbirth. This paper describes an exploratory study conducted in a large referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania that sought to measure D&A, introduce a package of interventions to reduce its incidence, and evaluate their effectiveness. METHODS: After exte

Clinical and histological outcomes following living-related liver transplantation in children.

OBJECTIVES: Living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) was developed to increase the donor pool of size-matched organs for children. In the UK only one centre performed LRLT between 1993 and 2008. This study reports the clinical and histological outcomes following adult-to-paediatric LRLT at our centre. METHODS: Forty-six LRLTs were reviewed. Recipients had a mean age, weight and PELD score of 2.4years (range 0.5-11years), 11.0kg (3.7-32.3kg) and 11.7 (-20.3 to 49.1) respectively. The incidence of post-transplant paediatric morbidity, abnormal liver function tests and histological abnormalit

Prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among young people in the MENAT region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality among adolescents and young adults, with suicidal ideation and attempts repres … dies from Jordan, while suicide attempts were most prevalent in studies from Kuwait. Female gender, bullying (OR = 1.6), loneliness (OR = 2.2), substance use, including smoking (OR = 2.0), alcohol (OR = 3.0), and amphetamines (OR = 3.5), as well as depression (OR = 1.5), anxiety (OR = 2.1) and history of sexual abuse (OR = 2.0) were significantly associate …

'I don't think they understand the reality of autism': The lived experiences of autistic adults in Japan.

Most autism research has been conducted in Western settings, which means that we know little about the lived experiences of autistic adults … om getting an autism diagnosis and (4) a strong desire to be accepted. All participants experienced bullying and felt different from others around them from an early age. Some participants were happy to receive their autism diagnosis, which made them understand themselves better, while others had mixed feelings - such as feeling hopeless because autism has …

Polygenic Scores and Networks of Psychopathology Symptoms.

IMPORTANCE: Studies on polygenic risk for psychiatric traits commonly use a disorder-level approach to phenotyping, implicitly considering disorders as homogeneous constructs; however, symptom heterogeneity is ubiquitous, with many possible combinations of symptoms falling under the same disorder umbrella. Focusing on individual symptoms may shed light on the role of polygenic risk in psychopathology. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether polygenic scores are associated with all symptoms of psychiatric disorders or with a subset of indicators and whether polygenic scores are associated with comorbi

Mental Telehealth Utilization Patterns Among High School Students from Racial and Ethnic Minority Backgrounds Affected by Violence and Substance Use.

BACKGROUND: Recent data show high school students from racial and ethnic minority (REM) backgrounds in the United States confront a twofold challenge, marked by the highest rates of firearm-related homicides since 1994 and increased youth substance use. The pandemic increased online and telehealth usage opportunities for at-risk REM youth. Therefore, this study investigated (1) the frequency and prevalence of co-occurring youth violence and substance use among REM adolescents, (2) racial/ethnic, age, and natal sex (as gender data was not collected) differences in patterns and trends in co-occu

Associations between humiliation, shame, self-harm and suicidal behaviours among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people worldwide and remains a major public health concern. Research indicates that negative social contexts involving familial and peer relationships, have far-reaching influences on levels of suicidal behaviours in later life. Previous systematic reviews have focused on evaluating associations between negative life events such as abuse and bullying in childhood and subsequent self-harm or suicidality. However, the association between adolescent experiences of humiliation and shame, and subsequent self-harm or suicidal behav…

Filipino Mothers' Initial Reactions and Responses to the Birth of a Child with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The manuscript describes the initial reactions, concerns, and coping responses of Filipino mothers upon the birth of a child wit … ts of intervention and potential effects on the psycho-emotional development of the children due to bullying in school, as well as the impact of the condition on feeding (70.64%), speech (74.12%), and social relationships (37.31%). Many mothers sought consultations with medical and health professionals (91.54%), while others looked for existing parent supp …

Analysis of Blame, Guilt, and Shame Related to Body and Body Weight and Their Relationship with the Context of Psychological Functioning Among the Pediatric Population with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review.

Background/Objectives: There is scientific evidence showing that body- and/or body weight-related blaming, guilting, and shaming continue to … cal functioning in the pediatric population such as (a) interpersonal context (e.g., social stigma, bullying, teasing history, social connectedness, weight-related language used by parents in conversations with children and adolescents; (b) intrapsychic context-relationship with eating and food (e.g., binge eating, dietary restraint, emotional eating, and …

Childhood Predictors of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescence: A Birth Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is rare in childhood but becomes prevalent in adolescence, which suggests that early intervention … ion regulation, symptoms of emotional and behavioral disorders; external events: victimization from bullying, serious negative life events). Semistructured clinical interviews with adolescents and their parents were used to assess DSM-5-defined NSSI and NSSI disorder. RESULTS: NSSI during the preceding 12 months at 12, 14, or 16 years of age was reported …

Longitudinal Trajectories of Food Insecurity in Childhood and Their Associations With Mental Health and Functioning in Adolescence.

IMPORTANCE: Household food insecurity has been associated with mental health problems in children independently of family income and other c … ory from 1.5 to 13 years of age was associated with cannabis use (β, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.12-0.81), peer bullying (β, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.08-0.77), and dropout potential (β, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.03-0.68) at 15 years of age after adjustment for sex, household income insufficiency, and parental mental health. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, few children …

[Analysis of the causes and determinants of reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorder patients on mental health clinics].

UNLABELLED: In everyday life there are many obstacles that prevent the creation of many important needs. They require a skillful adaptation … ll patients with the disorder described. In this group identifies three major stressful situations: bullying, job loss, unemployment. Another reason relates to family problems. They are the reason for the emergence of abnormalities in 23% of patients analyzed group. Among these difficulties was divided into four main types of situation causing disorder pre …

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk-outcome associations. METHODS: We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Bullying is commonly conceptualised as the intentional and repeated harm of a less powerful individual by peers and defined in the GBD as bullying victimisation of children and adolescents attending school by peers. … ), we developed a cohort method in which the prevalence of bullying victimisation exposure was tracked for the cohort of interest and relative risks varied with time between exposure to bullying and the point of estimation. …

A Dual Hospital-University Specialist Training Reform to Address Workforce Shortage and Geographic Maldistribution in Indonesia: Integrative Qualitative Policy Process Review.

BACKGROUND: Indonesia faces 3 interlocking medical workforce crises: an absolute specialist deficit projected to reach 70,000 by 2032 (natio … rated e-logbook for competency tracking, real-time monitoring of 80-hour duty limits, and anonymous bullying reporting. An interministerial joint monitoring team visited all 6 sites and scored each site as satisfactory or better across governance, curriculum, faculty, infrastructure, and learner support. Four cross-cutting themes emerged: financial-barrier …

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Chinese Adolescents.

IMPORTANCE: Studies investigating the role of supportive school environments in associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) an … st PRs were found for associations of threat-related ACEs (eg, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and bullying) with NSSI and suicidality (eg, exposure to ≥2 vs 0 threat-related ACEs: PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.27-1.29 for NSSI; PR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.32-1.34 for ideation; PR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.17-1.19 for attempts). All individual ACE indicators were positively associat …

Adverse childhood experiences and multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from China.

BACKGROUND: Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multimorbidity among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals hav … estic violence, incarcerated household member, parental separation or divorce, unsafe neighborhood, bullying, parental death, sibling death, and parental disability or not, which were characterized by the binarized presence or absence of any ACE. We estimated the associations between ACEs and multimorbidity using a mixed-effects model. Latent growth curve …

Heritability of Psychotic Experiences in Adolescents and Interaction With Environmental Risk.

IMPORTANCE: Genetic risk factors are known to play a role in the etiology of psychotic experiences in the general population. Little is know … he heritability of psychotic experiences was moderated by exposure to 5 environmental risk factors (bullying, dependent life events, cannabis use, tobacco use, and low birth weight). Psychotic experiences were assessed by 5 self-reported measures and 1 parent-reported measure. Participants' exposure to environmental risks was assessed at birth and age 12 t …

Clinical Profile and Psychosocial Correlates of Childhood Depressive Disorder: A Case-Control Study.

INTRODUCTION: Historically, childhood depression was overlooked due to perceived developmental immaturity. However, modern paradigms recogni … itability (n = 26, 76.47%), and somatic complaints (n = 22, 64.7%). Environmental stressors such as bullying (χ2 (1, n = 68), 11.691, p = 0.001, V = 0.415) and a lack of close friends (χ2 (1, n = 68), 23.611, p = 0.00, V = 0.589) were significantly more prevalent in cases. FES results indicated that depressed children lived in domestic environments charact …

Challenges in Independent Living for Middle-Aged Autistic Adults in China: A Qualitative Study.

As the first cohort of formally diagnosed autistic individuals in China enters later life, the disruption of premature old-age care among mi … ngs to place in trust. They do not solve problems such as loneliness, daily support, or safety from bullying. Our findings show that middle-aged autistic adults are aging prematurely because of gaps in the care system. We hope these results will help policymakers design better support for autistic adults as they grow older.

Exploitation and psychological strain in residency training: workload and shift violations in Turkish medical schools and research hospitals.

BACKGROUND: In Turkey, the path to specialisation is a highly demanding and costly process. After completing six years of intensive medical … tage of specialist doctors in the country. Particularly, the heavy working conditions and workplace bullying by senior faculty members further exacerbate the challenges faced by residents. The 2022 Regulation on Medical and Dental Specialisation Training (TUEY) aims to improve working conditions and has come into force. However, issues such as excessive wo …