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Suppression Effect of Astaxanthin on Osteoclast Formation In Vitro and Bone Loss In Vivo.

Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction of the bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone, which lead to bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Astaxanthin (AST) has a variety of biological activities, such as a protective effect against asthma or neuroinflammation, antioxidant effect, and decrease of the osteoclast number in the right mandibles in the periodontitis model. Although treatment with AST is known to have an effect on inflammation, no studies on the effect of AST exposure on bone loss have been performed. Thus, in the present study, we

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… Bone histomorphometry: A concise review for endocrinologists and clinicians. Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metabol. 2010;54:87–98. doi: 10.1590/S0004-27302010000200002. 53. …

Immunotherapy-Associated Pancreatic Adverse Events: Current Understanding of Their Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Management.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies, are involved in T cell-mediated immune response augmentation and promote anti-tumor immunity. Cancer patients treated with combination of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy exhibit superior clinical outcomes and tolerance compared with patients treated with monotherapies. However, immutherapy is associated with several concomitant immune-related adverse events (irAEs). For instance, IrAEs interfere

Online education for rare genetic diseases: a systematic review.

IntroductionRare genetic diseases are, collectively, not in fact rare. However, educational opportunities focused on rare genetic disease can be limited. The Internet has increased the availability of education related to rare genetic disease and is accessible to a diverse range of people who seek out such information, including healthcare professionals, researchers, students, patients, and the public.PurposeTo assess the potential educational outreach of the Internet, this systematic literature review will appraise the landscape of what education for rare genetic disease is available online,

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… For example, Worst et al. presented an education video on thyroid cancer to healthcare professionals, specifically oncologists and endocrinologists [ 59 ]. …

Non-diabetic hypoglycemia: bridging gaps in diagnosis and treatment: a position statement report by the Arabic Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (AASD).

BACKGROUND: Non-diabetic hypoglycemia presents a substantial diagnostic challenge due to its diverse and often nonspecific symptomatology. The resultant delay in diagnosis can lead to a myriad of misdiagnoses. This misidentification not only prolongs patient suffering but also elevates the risk of severe complications, such as permanent neurologic damage and mortality. Recognizing the clinical nuances of non-diabetic hypoglycemia is paramount for timely and accurate diagnosis, which ultimately enhances patient outcomes and safety. MAIN BODY: A position statement has been formulated by the Ara

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… AASD positional statement Evaluation of non-diabetic hypoglycemia in pediatrics should involve a team of specialists, including endocrinologists, pediatricians, and dietitians. Effective use of genetic and metabolic testing can help identify underlying disorders and guide precise treatment. …

Review of cancer therapies for the perioperative physician.

Advances in cancer treatments over the past decades combining chemotherapy with novel technologies in immunotherapies, radiation therapies, and interventional radiology have prolonged life expectancy. Patients have more options for treatments of their primary or metastatic diseases. Increased procedural techniques amid an aging population with multiple comorbidities present risks and challenges in the perioperative period.Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of cancer treatment, can be given intraoperatively, and is combined with other treatment modalities. Immunotherapy is particular to cancer c

Successful Pregnancies, Births, and Children Development Following Oocyte Cryostorage in Female Cancer Patients During 25 Years of Fertility Preservation.

The preservation of fertility in cancer patients is a crucial aspect of modern reproductive medicine. Amenorrhea and infertility often occur after cancer therapy, worsening the quality of life. Cryopreservation of oocytes in young cancer patients is a therapeutic option for preserving fertility. A prospective study was conducted on 508 cancer patients who underwent oocyte cryopreservation to preserve fertility between 1996 and 2021 including the COVID-19 pandemic period. Patients underwent ovarian stimulation, followed by egg retrieval, and oocytes were cryopreserved by slow freezing or vitrif

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… Collaboration among reproductive physicians, biologists, endocrinologists, oncologists, surgeons, psychologists, and gynecologists is necessary to ensure the best fertility preservation program for each patient. …

Experiences and Perspectives of Patients with Non-HIV-Associated Lipodystrophies and Their Caregivers: A Qualitative Study.

BackgroundLipodystrophy comprises a group of conditions characterized by loss of functional adipose tissue, resulting in severe metabolic complications and a complex range of symptoms.ObjectiveThis study sought to gain a holistic understanding of the impact of congenital or non-human immunodeficiency virus acquired lipodystrophies on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers and to capture the impact of lipodystrophy on quality of life using a standard instrument.MethodsTen patients with lipodystrophies and five caregivers from the USA and UK were recruited through convenience sampl

Definition and management of very high fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO).

Several drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over the last decades, most patients requiring pharmacological intervention were offered antiresorptive drugs as first-line therapy, while anabolic agents were considered a last resource for those with therapeutic failure. However, recent randomized trials in patients with severe osteoporosis have shown that anabolic agents reduce fractures to a greater extent than antiresorptive medications. Additionally, evidence indicates that increases in bone mineral density (BMD) are maximized when patients are treated

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… HE Netelenbos JC Elders PJM Fracture prevention by screening for high fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis Osteoporos Int 2020 31 2 251 257 31838551 10.1007/s00198-019-05226-w PMC7010619 10 Camacho PM Petak SM Binkley N Diab DL Eldeiry LS Farooki A American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists …

Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. These comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ventilatory dysfunction, arthrosis, venous and lymphatic circulation diseases, depression, and others, which have a negative impact on health and increase morbidity and mortality. GLP-1 agonists, used to treat type 2 diabetes, have been shown to be effective in promoting weight loss in preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes numerous studies conducted on the main drugs in the GLP-1 agonists class, outlini

The 2024 revised clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors by the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery.

The Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery published the first edition of the "Clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors" in 2010 and the revised edition in 2018. The guideline presented herein is the English translation of the revised third edition, issued in 2024. The aim is to enhance health outcomes for patients suffering from thyroid tumors by facilitating evidence-based shared decision-making between healthcare providers and patients, as well as standardizing the management of thyroid tumors. The focus is on adult patients with thyroid tumors, addressing clinically signific

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… . *3 Basically, pheochromocytoma surgery is performed first, but depending on the degree of hormonal activity of the pheochromocytoma and the progression of MTC, surgery may be performed first if the environment is conducive to intraoperative pheochromocytoma crisis after thorough consultation with endocrinologists …

A geriatrician's approach to managing the complex older adult with obesity.

The prevalence of obesity in older adults is rapidly increasing due to the demographic shift occurring globally. Older adults with obesity face health care challenges due to multimorbidity, functional dependency, and disability. This population often has prior history of struggles through weight-loss attempts during the middle years of life. Therefore, weight-loss intervention needs a personalized approach, taking into consideration weight-loss attempts, relapse, and life events, including bariatric surgery, functional limitations, psychosocial status, and current residential environment. Raci

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… There currently remains insufficient evidence to recommend AOMs in older adults based on the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology guidelines (2016). …

Medication for bone loss in female patients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and management algorithm.

PURPOSE: Anorexia Nervosa can have a major impact on bone health through low bone mass and bone loss. Considering the lack of consensual guidelines for the prevention and treatment of bone loss in this condition, a systematic review was performed to provide practical treatment guidance for clinicians. METHODS: We systematically searched Medline, Cochrane, Psychinfo, and the Web of Science for anorexia nervosa AND (osteopenia OR osteoporosis OR bone density OR bone loss) AND (prevention OR treatment OR medication OR therapeutic) in clinical studies from March 1st, 2017, to October 31st, 2024,

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… Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, Diab DL, Eldeiry LS, Farooki A et al (2020) American Association of clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis-2020 update. …

The skeleton: an overlooked regulator of systemic glucose metabolism in cancer?

Recent discoveries demonstrated the skeleton's role as an endocrine organ regulating whole-body glucose homeostasis. Glucose metabolism is critical for rapid cell proliferation and tumour growth through increasing glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate despite being in an aerobic environment. This hypothesis paper discusses emerging evidence on how bones can regulate whole-body glucose homeostasis with potential to impact on tumour growth and proliferation. Moreover, it proposes a clinical link between bone glucose metabolism and prognosis of cancer based on recent clinical tria

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… Endocrine practice: Off J Am Coll Endocrinol Am Assoc Clin Endocrinologists . ( 2012 ) 18 : 758–62 . doi: 10.4158/EP12141.RA PMC3571654 22784851 4 Hadjidakis DJ Androulakis II . Bone remodeling . …

Hypophosphatasia.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) gene. Reduced activity of TNAP leads to the accumulation of its substrates, mainly inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, metabolic aberrations that largely explain the musculoskeletal and systemic features of the disease. More than 400 ALPL mutations, mostly missense, are reported to date, transmitted by either autosomal dominant or recessive mode. Severe disease is rare, with incidence ranging from 1:100,000 to 1:300,000 live births

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… It is also important that a multidisciplinary team is available, consisting of orthopedic surgeons, pediatricians, dentists, endocrinologists, neurologists, physiatrists, pulmonologists, and nutritionists, who are expected to co-operate so as to optimize the management of HPP patients. 5.1. …

Pancreatitis: TIGAR-O Version 2 Risk/Etiology Checklist With Topic Reviews, Updates, and Use Primers.

The Toxic-metabolic, Idiopathic, Genetic, Autoimmune, Recurrent and severe acute pancreatitis and Obstructive (TIGAR-O) Pancreatitis Risk/Etiology Checklist (TIGAR-O_V1) is a broad classification system that lists the major risk factors and etiologies of recurrent acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and overlapping pancreatic disorders with or without genetic, immunologic, metabolic, nutritional, neurologic, metaplastic, or other features. New discoveries and progressive concepts since the 2001 TIGAR-O list relevant to understanding and managing complex pancreatic disorders require an up

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… Controversy continues as to whether the critical triglyceride (TG) level is the trough (fasting levels recommended by endocrinologists) or peak (levels during pain and/or pancreatitis in the fed state as recommended by some gastroenterologist). …

The Global Obesity Epidemic: Epidemiology, Health Burden and Policy Priorities.

The global prevalence of obesity has more than tripled since 1975, now affecting nearly one billion adults and over 170 million children and adolescents. In 2025, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission on Clinical Obesity redefined obesity as a chronic, multisystem disease characterised by excess adiposity leading to organ dysfunction, distinguishing between preclinical obesity (excess adiposity without end-organ injury) and clinical obesity (manifest metabolic or structural complications). This framework moves beyond reliance on BMI, acknowledging that ectopic fat deposition in the li

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… Effective obesity management in cardiovascular practice increasingly requires multidisciplinary working, with close collaboration between cardiologists, endocrinologists/obesity specialists, hepatologists and primary care teams. …

Denosumab Biosimilars Versus Denosumab in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

CONTEXT: Denosumab is one of the first-line drugs for postmenopausal osteoporosis with high risk of fracture, but the cost limits its use. Denosumab biosimilars are a more affordable solution, though it is underutilized due to hesitation among clinicians and patients due to concerns for differences in efficacy and safety. METHODS: We conducted an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing efficacy and safety of denosumab biosimilars to denosumab. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases and Clinical Trials.gov were searched for studies comparing denosumab biosimilars to

Clinical Feasibility of a Low-Dose Tirzepatide Strategy in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Persistence, Metabolic Benefit, and Treatment Simplification in a Real-World Cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of a low-dose tirzepatide strategy in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in routine outpatient practice. METHODS: This single-center retrospective cohort included Japanese adults who initiated tirzepatide between April 2024 and December 2025 and received a maximum observed dose of ≤5 mg/week through week 28. The primary endpoint in adults aged ≥65 years combined treatment persistence, absence of adverse event (AE)-related discontinuation, and either ≥3% weight loss or an HbA1c reduction ≥1.0 percentage point (≥11 mmol/mol). Younger adult

The Childhood Estrobolome: A Missing Link in Early Puberty Onset.

Precocious puberty, defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls, is rising globally with most cases lacking a clearly identifiable cause. The biome is increasingly recognized as a regulator of hormonal homeostasis, yet its role in childhood hormonal programming remains largely unexplored. The estrobolome - the collection of gut bacteria encoding β-glucuronidase (β-GUS) enzymes - controls enterohepatic estrogen recycling in adult women but has never been systematically characterized in prepubertal girls. This narrative review proposes and synthesizes evidence

Locally Advanced Disease and Clinical Outcomes of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Insights from a Multicenter Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic significance of locally advanced disease (LAD) in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 389 patients with histopathologically confirmed PPGLs from 19 tertiary centers. LAD was defined as capsular, periadrenal fat, adjacent-organ, or vascular invasion. Persistent/recurrent disease was the composite primary endpoint. The prognostic value of LAD was further assessed after excluding patients with distant metastatic disease at diagnosis, in patients with stage I-II disease, and in combination with Ki-6