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A comparison of the behavioral and emotional disorders of primary school-going orphans and non-orphans in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the emotional and behavioral problems of orphans in Rakai District, Uganda, and to suggest interventions. Studies, elsewhere, have shown orphans to have high levels of psychological problems. However, in Uganda such studies are limited and no specific interventions have been suggested. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional unmatched case control design to compare emotional and behavioral problems of 210 randomly selected primary school-going orphans and 210 non-orphans using quantitative and qualitative methods employing standardized questionnaires,

Implementing Diabetic Eye Care in Rural Primary Care Through Teleophthalmology and Pop-Up Clinics: Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in US adults. Fewer than half of patients with diabetes in rural areas co … ons reporting no transportation needs (42/91, 46.2%), no housing instability (28/91, 30.8%), and no food insecurity (36/91, 39.6%). Over 18 months, 58.4% (52/89) of scheduled pop-up clinic appointments were completed, and 92.3% (36/39) of teleophthalmology images were gradable. Pop-up clinics detected higher rates of diabetic retinopathy (11/52, 21.2% vs 3/39, 7. …

Cardiovascular Health Among Rural and Urban US Adults-Healthcare, Lifestyle, and Social Factors.

IMPORTANCE: Improving cardiovascular health in rural areas is a national priority in the US. However, little is known about the current stat … king and physical activity). However, accounting for social risk factors (poverty, education level, food insecurity, and home ownership) completely attenuated rural-urban disparities in hypertension (adjusted RR [aRR], 0.99; 95% CI, 0.93-1.06), diabetes (aRR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90-1.15), and CHD (aRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.91-1.29), but only partially attenuated dispariti …

Simultaneous Expression of Chicken Granulocyte Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Epitope of the Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII C22 Strain in a Functional Synthetic Recombinant Adenovirus as a Genotype-Matched Vaccine with Potential Antiviral Activity.

When it comes to the prevention of clinical signs and mortality associated with infection of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), vaccination … tched, universal transgenic vaccine that could eradicate the disease globally, reducing poverty and food insecurity. IMPORTANCE We studied the biological characterization of the developed functional synthetic recombinant adenoviruses, which showed a high degree of safety, thermostability, and genetic stability for up to 20 passages. It was demonstrated through bo …

Prevalence and outcomes of intrinsic capacity impairments assessed using the WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) framework in The Gambia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Despite rising longevity across Africa, the epidemiology of intrinsic capacity (combination of mental and physical capacities) i … and sex-adjusted OR 4·72 [3·41-6·54]), those with lower wealth index (1·38 [1·20-1·58]), those with food insecurity (1·92 [1·17-3·17]), and those who reported current or former tobacco use (1·47 [1·18-1·83]). Overall mean values were 3·95 (SD 10·64) for pain score, 14·17 (18·36) for WOMAC score, and 0·83 (0·11) for HRQoL. Compared with no impairment (n=554 [10·5% …

The Silent Service: Identifying Under-Recognized Young Military Caregivers.

INTRODUCTION: Recognizing and supporting family caregivers is critical to the Department of Veteran Affairs mission to support Veterans heal … rs in their caregiving network were younger, and more likely to report low health literacy (65.9%), food insecurity (28.9%), and transportation problems (17.8%) compared to Veterans with no caregivers and Veterans with only older caregivers (all P < .05). Veterans with at least one young caregiver had significantly higher odds of unmet ADL needs (aOR = 2.11; 95% …

Prevalence and associated factors of mental and substance use problems among adults in Kenya: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Data on the burden and determinants of mental and substance use problems among women in urban and rural informal settlements in Kenya is spa … e were significantly higher in men than women. Among women, stressful life events, urban residence, food insecurity, family debt, unemployment, poor self-rated health, poor eyesight, and higher educational level were the correlates for elevated depressive, anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Conversely, sexual abuse, living in rented houses, urban residence, verbal abuse, …

Differences in growth trajectories in breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed infants in Kenya: An observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (CHEU) are at increased risk for poor growth compared to children who are HIV-unexpo … ge, education, depression, anemia, household wealth index, time-varying breastfeeding, time-varying food insecurity, parity, and child sex. Among 333 mother-child pairs with at least two child visits (CHEU = 171; CHU = 162), mothers of CHEU were older, less educated, and had lower wealth than mothers of CHU. Birth characteristics were similar between groups, with …

Pathways to housing stability and viral suppression for people living with HIV/AIDS: Findings from the Building a Medical Home for Multiply Diagnosed HIV-positive Homeless Populations initiative.

BACKGROUND: People with HIV with co-occurring substance use and mental health diagnoses who are unstably housed have poorer outcomes for ret … ral suppression at baseline, having a lower risk for opiate use, recent homelessness, lower risk of food insecurity, and a longer length of time living with HIV. Participants who increased self-efficacy with obtaining help by 6 months had significantly higher odds of achieving housing stability. Stable housing, fewer unmet needs, moderate to high risk for opiate …

Hunger: its impact on children's health and mental health.

OBJECTIVE: Hunger, with its adverse consequences for children, continues to be an important national problem. Previous studies that document … has or her children have experienced a particular aspect of hunger during the past year--1 concerns food insecurity for the entire family, 2 concern adult hunger, and 4 involve child hunger. The items, taken from the Childhood Hunger Identification Project measure, are summed to classify the family and divided into 3 categories: no hunger, adult or moderate child …

The Systemic Genotype-Phenotype Characterization of PAX6-Related Eye Disease in 164 Chinese Families.

IMPORTANCE: States in the US have the option to eliminate the asset test and/or increase the income limit for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility under a policy called broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). Given associations of economic hardships, including food insecurity, with child protective services (CPS) involvement, state adoption of these policies may be associated with changes in rates of CPS-investigated reports. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of state elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit for SNAP eligibility under BBC…

Effect of heat stress in the first 1000 days of life on fetal and infant growth: a secondary analysis of the ENID randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The intersecting crises of climate change, food insecurity, and undernutrition disproportionately affect children. Understanding the effect of heat on growth from conception to 2 years of age is important because of mortality and morbidity implications in the near term and over the life course. METHODS: In this secondary analysis, we used longitudinal pregnancy cohort data from the Early Nutrition and Immunity Development (ENID) randomised controlled trial in West Kiang, The Gambia, which occurred between Jan 20, 2010, and Feb 10, 2015. The ENID trial assessed micronutrient supple…

Unveiling the link: social determinants of health, quality of life, and burden of treatment in heart failure patients.

OBJECTIVES: Black and Hispanic American patients have seen an increase in heart failure (HF) rates, with higher rates of hospitalizations an … oH score was 3.4 (SD = 1.9), with 31% of the cohort reporting problems paying their bills, 28% with food insecurity, and 35% requiring public assistance. Among the 5 domains measured by EQ-5D for evaluating QoL, moderate to severe difficulty was experienced by 88% of our cohort in at least one of the five domains, and severe difficulty in at least one of the five …

The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future.

UNLABELLED: The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration that independently monitors the health consequences of a changing climate … ean; and 1·8% for rice in 2020, relative to 1981–2010 (indicator 1.4.1)—exposing the rising risk of food insecurity. Adding to these health hazards, the changing environmental conditions are also increasing the suitability for the transmission of many water-borne, air-borne, food-borne, and vector-borne pathogens. Although socioeconomic development, public health …

Screening for comprehensive social needs in patients with cancer: a narrative review.

BackgroundPatients with cancer who report social needs have worse quality of life, lower health-care access, and suboptimal health outcomes. However, screening for social needs does not happen systematically, and successful screening tools, strategies, and workflows have seldom been described. The downstream effects of screening including resource navigation have also not been well characterized. The objective of this narrative review was to fill these gaps.MethodsTwo investigators searched PubMed and Embase for studies that implemented a patient-facing social screening tool among patients wit

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… Food insecurity among urban low-income cancer patients . J. … Health Care Poor Underserved . 2014 ; 25 : 1153 - 1168 . 25130231 10.1353/hpu.2014.0145 PMC4849892 12 Raber M , Jackson A , Basen-Engquist K , et al Food insecurity among people with cancer: nutritional needs as an essential component of care . …

Viewing the US presidential electoral map through the lens of public health.

Health, disease, and mortality vary greatly at the county level, and there are strong geographical trends of disease in the United States. Healthcare is and has been a top priority for voters in the U.S., and an important political issue. Consequently, it is important to determine what relationship voting patterns have with health, disease, and mortality, as doing so may help guide appropriate policy. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between voting patterns and over 150 different public health and wellbeing variables at the county level, comparing all states, including

Ca2+ involvement in the action potential generation of myenteric neurones in the rat oesophagus.

OBJECTIVE: Arterial aneurysms are life-threatening but usually asymptomatic before requiring hospitalization. Oculomics of retinal vascular features (RVFs) extracted from retinal fundus images can reflect systemic vascular properties and therefore were hypothesized to provide valuable information on detecting the risk of aneurysms. By integrating oculomics with genomics, this study aimed to (i) identify predictive RVFs as imaging biomarkers for aneurysms and (ii) evaluate the value of these RVFs in supporting early detection of aneurysms in the context of predictive, preventive and personalize

Социальные детерминанты здоровья, качества ухода за больными и результаты лечения неврологических расстройств: систематический обзор.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Социальные детерминанты здоровья (SDOH) оказывают значительное влияние на оказание медицинской помощи и ее результаты, однако их конкретное воздействие на качество неврологической медицинской помощи по-прежнему недостаточно синтезировано. ЦЕЛЬ: Цель этого систематического обзора заключалась в обобщении данных о связях между СДОГ и качеством медицинского обслуживания и результатах лечения пациентов в связи с серьезными неврологическими расстройствами. МЕТОДЫ: ПОСЛЕ ПРИСМА 2020 Руководящие принципы, мы систематически искали Пуббмеда, Интернет науки и Эмбазу для исследовани

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… Among stroke survivors, food insecurity and perceived financial stress were independently associated with cost-related medication non-adherence, with food insecurity associated with higher odds among adults aged 45–64 years (OR=1.35) and ≥65 years (OR=1.77), and perceived financial stress similarly associated … Housing instability (12.3% of studies), food insecurity (7.7%), and employment status (33.8%) received limited attention despite conceptual importance. Language barriers, immigration status, discrimination experiences, and digital divide were rarely assessed. …

Travel-Related Diagnoses Among U.S. Nonmigrant Travelers or Migrants Presenting to U.S. GeoSentinel Sites - GeoSentinel Network, 2012-2021.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: During 2012-2021, the volume of international travel reached record highs and lows. This period also was marked by the em … , which might result from adverse circumstances before and during migration (e.g., malnutrition and food insecurity, limited access to adequate sanitation and hygiene, and crowded housing,). Malaria was diagnosed in both migrants and nonmigrant travelers, and only a limited number reported taking malaria chemoprophylaxis, which might be attributed to both barrier …

A Compendium Review of the Global Epidemiology of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases: Regional Insights from Türkiye.

Vector-borne diseases have historically posed significant threats to plants, humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, with their impact being … the challenges caused by ticks and TBDs contributes and exacerbates the persistence of poverty and food insecurity, particularly in resource-limited and low-income regions. This multifactorial burden is further compounded by a complex network of anthropogenic factors, including climate change, habitat fragmentation and ecological degradation, rapid urbanization, …