Результаты поиска

Unresponsive Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): Challenges and Solutions.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy secondary to a severely decreased A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin type 1 repeats 13 (ADAMTS13) activity, resulting in the formation of widespread von Willebrand factor - and platelet-rich microthrombi. ADAMTS13 deficiency is mainly acquired through anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies in adults. With modern standards of care, unresponsive TTP has become rarer with a frequency of refractory/relapsing forms dropping from >40% to <10%. As patients with unresponsive TTP are at increased risk of mortality, promp

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Regulation of SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a ubiquitously expressed protease that regulates diverse number of physiological functions. As a dipeptidase, it exerts its catalytic effects on proteins/peptides with proline, alanine, or serine in the penultimate (P1) amino acid residue from the amino terminus. The evidence to date supports an important effect of DPP4 in catalytic cleavage of incretin peptides and this perhaps represents the main mechanism by which DPP4 inhibition improves glycemic control. DPP4 also plays an important role in the degradation of multiple chemokines of which stromal cell-deriv

Modulation of angiogenesis with siRNA inhibitors for novel therapeutics.

Cancer and many other serious diseases are characterized by the uncontrolled growth of new blood vessels. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi) has reinvigorated the therapeutic prospects for inhibiting gene expression and promises many advantages over binding inhibitors, including high specificity, which is essential for targeted therapeutics. This article describes the latest developments using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibitors to downregulate various angiogenic and tumor-associated factors, both in cell-culture assays and in animal disease models. The majority of research efforts are cur

The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.

Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), a family of transcription factors, profoundly influence the immune system, impacting both physiological and pathological processes. This review explores the diverse functions of nine mammalian IRF members, each featuring conserved domains essential for interactions with other transcription factors and cofactors. These interactions allow IRFs to modulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, encompassing host defense, immune response, and cell development. Conversely, their pivotal role in immune regulation implicates them in the pathophysiology of v

Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies.

Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for th

Neurology

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Skin manifestations associated with systemic diseases - Part II.

The skin, by reflecting internal processes, externalizes what happens inside the body in many diseases. Thus, the skin, as an organ, extrapolates its functions of protection, barrier and signals the existence of systemic diseases, expanding the importance of the dermatologist beyond the skin surface. Thus, the dermatologist investigates diagnostic hypotheses for conditions related to all systems and refers patients to the appropriate specialty. Combined with examination by a trained eye, the skin, due to its easy access, is still the ideal place for performing biopsies, which often clarify the

Epidemiological science and cancer control.

Epidemiological methods are essential for the discovery of cancer risks and prognostic factors as well as for the evaluation of cancer prevention measures. In this review, we discuss epidemiological surveillance procedures for data collection and processing to guide and evaluate the consequences of anticancer efforts for populations, assess the identification of cancer risk factors, examine barriers to cancer screening and recommended rules for early diagnosis programs. Epidemiological studies have shown that hindrances to cancer information assessment are currently encountered in developing c

Efficacy and safety analysis of TACE combined with lenvatinib and icaritin in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with poor performance status.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib and icaritin in the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) with poor physical condition, aiming to provide a safer and more effective treatment strategy for patients with advanced uHCC and poor physical status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data from 49 patients with uHCC and poor physical condition who received treatment between June 2022 and December 2023 were collected. The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment meth

Associations of cognitive appraisal and patient activation on disability and mental health outcomes: a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing spine surgery.

BackgroundWith the increased use of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) to assess spine surgery outcomes, it is important to understand how patients interpret their health changes over time. The measurement of cognitive-appraisal processes enables the quantification of how individuals think about quality of life (QOL). This study examined how appraisal processes were associated with patients' views of their role in managing their health-patient activation.MethodsThis longitudinal cohort study from August 2019 to January 2022 included 222 adults undergoing spine surgery for cervical (n =

The GIMEMA-ALLIANCE Digital Health Platform for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Postpandemic Era: Protocol for a Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised unprecedented challenges in the management of patients with cancer and has increased the demands for digital health tools that, for example, could facilitate remote monitoring of patients. Based on this, the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) has recently developed a digital health tool dedicated to patients with hematologic malignancies: the GIMEMA-ALLIANCE platform. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this web-based platform are to generate relevant data to better understand quality of life, symptoms, and medication adherenc

The role of the innate immune system in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Most patients present with advanced or metastatic HCC at diagnosis and face a dismal prognosis. Tyrosine kinases are the gold standard treatment for this disease but yield limited survival benefits. Immune checkpoint inhibitors that augment adaptive immunity have been tested in HCC. Complex interactions between tumor cells, lymphocytes and the tumor environment determine the efficacy of such immunotherapies. Innate immune mechanisms - known drivers of liver disease progression in pre-HCC conditions such as fibrosis or cirr

The real-world safety of Ofatumumab: a pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.

BACKGROUND: Ofatumumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD20-positive B cells. It was approved by the FDA in 2020 for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) in adult patients, and in 2009 for the treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). With the escalating clinical application of Ofatumumab, comprehending its safety profile within actual healthcare environments is of considerable importance. METHODS: This study compiled a dataset derived from the FAERS database, which included real-world safety data on Ofatumumab from Q4 2009 to Q2 2024. We applied four dis

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Treatment-induced immunosuppression may lead to the reactivation of latent JC virus (JCV), thereby causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( 33 ). …

Prognostic factors for outcome of surgical treatment in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

OBJECTIVES: The number of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is increasing, but treatment remains controversial. Published papers and systematic reviews have suggested that surgical treatment is effective in patients with MRONJ. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative University of Connecticut Osteonecrosis Numerical Scale (UCONNS), other serologic biomarkers, and size of necrosis are prognostic factors for outcome of surgical treatment in MRONJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2016, 65 patients diagnosed with MRONJ a

Transferrin-conjugated SNALPs encapsulating 2'-O-methylated miR-34a for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Stable nucleic acid lipid vesicles (SNALPs) encapsulating miR-34a to treat multiple myeloma (MM) were developed. Wild type or completely 2'-O-methylated (OMet) MiR-34a was used in this study. Moreover, SNALPs were conjugated with transferrin (Tf) in order to target MM cells overexpressing transferrin receptors (TfRs). The type of miR-34a chemical backbone did not significantly affect the characteristics of SNALPs in terms of mean size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, while the encapsulation of an OMet miR-34a resulted in a significant increase of miRNA encapsulation into the SNALPs.

Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization in cancer patients improves the success rate of cannulation and reduces mechanical complications: a prospective observational study of 1,978 consecutive catheterizations.

BackgroundA central venous catheter (CVC) currently represents the most frequently adopted intravenous line for patients undergoing infusional chemotherapy and/or high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and parenteral nutrition. CVC insertion represents a risk for pneumothorax, nerve or arterial punctures. The aim of this prospective observational study was to explore the safety and efficacy of CVC insertion under ultrasound (US) guidance and to confirm its utility in clinical practice in cancer patients.MethodsConsecutive adult patients attending the oncology-hemat

Molecular Inhibitors of Growth Signals

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Innovations in cancer treatment as novel potential and the myth of personalized vaccines, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy as promising therapeutic strategies.

Recent advancements in cancer treatment, including targeted therapy, tailored vaccines, immunotherapy, and bacteriotherapy, have demonstrated remarkable potential in addressing various types of cancer. However, the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies remains challenged by significant obstacles, including toxicity to healthy tissues, limited penetration into malignant tissues, and the potential for tumor cell resistance to pharmacological agents. This study explored the potential of tailored vaccinations, immunotherapy, CRISPR/Cas9, and bacteriotherapy for cancer treatment. Randomized and n

Non-viral approaches in CAR-NK cell engineering: connecting natural killer cell biology and gene delivery.

Natural Killer (NK) cells are exciting candidates for cancer immunotherapy with potent innate cytotoxicity and distinct advantages over T cells for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) therapy. Concerns regarding the safety, cost, and scalability of viral vectors has ignited research into non-viral alternatives for gene delivery. This review comprehensively analyses recent advancements and challenges with non-viral genetic modification of NK cells for allogeneic CAR-NK therapies. Non-viral alternatives including electroporation and multifunctional nanoparticles are interrogated with respect to CAR

Лизат парабасероид дистазонис предотвращает серьезные формы экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита, модифицируя примитивную реакцию клеток Т.

Микробиота кишечника влияет на реактивность иммунной системы, а парабактероид дистасонис появился как антивоспалительная комменза. Здесь мы изучили, может ли ли его лизат предотвратить сильные формы нейроинфламмации в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите (EAE) у мышей и как эта превентивная стратегия влияет на кишечную микробиоту и иммунную реакцию. Лизат анаэробной культуры P. distasonis (Pd лизат) был в устной форме подан мышам C57BL/6 в четырех еженедельных дозах. Неделю спустя EAE был вызван, и через три недели после вводного курса была проведена оценка степени заболеваемости. Фе