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Isolation and genomic characterization of a lytic bacteriophage against multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Proteus mirabilis is a significant opportunistic pathogen, largely due to its ability to form robust biofilms that … i_1324 is a novel, strictly lytic bacteriophage with significant therapeutic potential against both planktonic and biofilm-associated MDR P. mirabilis. Its potent anti-biofilm activity, combined with a genome free of deleterious genes, makes it a strong candidate for further development in phage-based clinical applications. The complete genome sequence pro …

Phenalenone-Based Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation of Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) relies on activation of a photosensitizer by light in the presence of ox … and DCFDA fluorescence, respectively. All microbiological efficacy experiments were performed with planktonic bacterial suspensions; biofilm activity was not evaluated in the present study. RESULTS: All derivatives absorbed within 512.5-571.0 nm and retained 0.977-0.989 of their initial absorbance after 3 h of green-light irradiation. The ABDA-derived ap …

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles for co-delivery of gentamicin and cinnamaldehyde: enhancing antibiofilm efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa via quorum sensing inhibition.

Biofilm-associated infections present a major therapeutic challenge due to reduced antibiotic susceptibility, altered bacterial physiology, … omains. Antimicrobial evaluation demonstrated that LCNP encapsulation enhanced GEN activity against planktonic P. aeruginosa PAO1 compared with unformulated GEN. CIN reduced biofilm formation at sub-inhibitory concentrations, supporting its role as a biofilm-modulating agent. GEN-CIN co-loaded LCNPs, particularly at a 1:100 ratio, produced enhanced antibio …

Biofilm sensitization to break Staphylococcus aureus tolerance to cold atmospheric plasma therapy.

Introduction. Biofilm-associated infections present a major therapeutic challenge due to their intrinsic tolerance to conventional antimicro … -term KHS101 treatment alone displayed modest antibiofilm activity at concentrations that inhibited planktonic growth. However, pre-treatment with KHS101 followed by CAP therapy resulted in significant reductions in viable populations in S. aureus-containing biofilms. Microscopy revealed structural perturbations consistent with cellular stress following KH …

A step forward on the in vitro and in vivo validation of rifabutin-loaded liposomes for the management of highly virulent MRSA infections.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, especially methicillin resistant (MRSA), constitute an alarming public health issue due to its … peutic potential of RFB formulations against a MRSA commercial strain (MRSA ATCC®-33592), either in planktonic or biofilm forms, was assessed. RFB displayed higher antibacterial effects towards biofilm than vancomycin (VCM), the gold standard treatment against MRSA infections, with MBIC50 values of 103 and > 800 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the antimicro …

Marine resistome of a temperate zone: Distribution, diversity, and driving factors across the trophic gradient.

Marine and ocean environments are the most widespread habitats in the world but are still the least studied from the aspect of antibiotic resistance. The indigenous and tetracycline (TET)- and sulfamethoxazole (SXT)-resistant planktonic bacterial communities were simultaneously investigated for the first time along a trophic gradient of a temperate zone, regarding their taxonomic and functional structures as well as biotic and abiotic factors affecting their dynamics as vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), thus impacting the ARGs distribution at seasonal and spatial scales. A total …

The Membrane Activity of the Amphibian Temporin B Peptide Analog TB_KKG6K Sheds Light on the Mechanism That Kills Candida albicans.

Temporin B (TB) is a 13-amino-acid-long, cationic peptide secreted by the granular glands of the European frog Rana temporaria. We recently showed that the modified TB peptide analog TB_KKG6K rapidly killed planktonic and sessile Candida albicans at low micromolar concentrations and was neither hemolytic nor cytotoxic to mammalian cells in vitro. The present study aimed to shed light into its mechanism of action, with a focus on its fungal cell membrane activity. We utilized different fluorescent dyes to prove that it rapidly induces membrane depolarization and permeabilization. Studies on mod…

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Exploits Cycling through Epithelial Cells To Colonize Human and Murine Enteroids.

Enterobacterial pathogens infect the gut by a multistep process, resulting in colonization of both the lumen and the mucosal epithelium. Due … al colonization. These findings suggest a positive feed-forward loop, through which IEC invasion by planktonic bacteria fuels further luminal population expansion, thereby ensuring efficient colonization of both the intraepithelial and luminal niches.IMPORTANCE Pathogenic gut bacteria are common causes of intestinal disease. Enteroids-cultured three-dimens …

In vitro testing of a first-in-class tri-alkylnorspermidine-biaryl antibiotic in an anti-biofilm silicone coating.

Biofilm-related infection is among the worst complication to prosthetic joint replacement procedures; once established on the implant surfac … activity of CZ-01127, and for comparison vancomycin and gentamicin, were characterized against both planktonic and biofilm MRSA using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, serial passages, and serial dilution tests against established biofilms grown with a CBR 90 CDC biofilm reactor. Despite a similar MIC (1 µg/ml) and behavior in a 25-day seri …

Quinine Improves the Fungicidal Effects of Antimicrobial Blue Light: Implications for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of clinical importance and is the primary cause of fungal-ass … cm2 ) with Q-HCL (1 mg/mL) resulted in a significant improvement in the inactivation of C. albicans planktonic cells in vitro, where a 7.04 log10 colony forming units (CFU) reduction was achieved, compared with aBL alone that only inactivated 3.06 log10 CFU (P < 0.001) or Q-HCL alone which did not result in a loss of viability. aBL + Q-HCL was also effecti …

A Case-Control Study to Determine the Prognostic Features of Salivary Epithelial Cells in Periodontitis.

Periodontitis-a biofilm-induced immunoinflammatory pathology-often progresses gradually, exhibiting periodic bursts and resolution. Exfoliat … osed to 2 periodontal pathogens- Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum-in biofilm or planktonic formulations at varying proportions. Cytokines in culture supernatants were assessed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Additionally, soluble Toll-like receptor 2 (sTLR-2)-a pattern recognition receptor capable of binding microbial liga …

A review of the population biology and host-parasite interactions of the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae).

Lepeophtheirus salmonis is a specific parasite of salmonids that occurs in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. When infestations are heavy fish … of local infestations. The population structure is defined mainly by the dispersal dynamics of the planktonic stages and the behaviour of the host. Until recently virtually nothing was known about the relationship between the parasite and the host, or how the host may influence lice at local or population level. Typically, impacts on the host have usually …

Bacteria associated with deep, alkaline, anaerobic groundwaters in Southeast Washington.

The microbial diversity in two deep, confined aquifers, the Grande Ronde (1270 m) and the Priest Rapids (316 m), Hanford Reservation, Washin … d water filtration, presumably by enriching the proportion of normally sessile bacteria relative to planktonic bacteria. Substrate utilization patterns were different for microflora from the two aquifers and corresponded to their different geochemistries. Activities in the filtered water enrichments more closely matched those predicted by aquifer geochemis …

Polyphenolic natural products as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: recent advances and future prospects.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest develo

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… They represent a distinct lifestyle from planktonic states and serve as a survival strategy for microorganisms in challenging environments ( 15 , 147 ). … Antimicrobial properties of a new type of photosensitizer derived from phthalocyanine against planktonic and biofilm forms of Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther (2018) 21:316–26. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.01.003 12. …

Zinc-containing ionic liquid combined with carboxymethyl chitosan for vital pulp therapy in mature permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure.

BACKGROUND: The elimination of pulpal infection is critical for the success of vital pulp therapy (VPT) in mature permanent teeth with cario … that IL-Zn, which exhibited a low propensity for inducing resistance, significantly inhibited both planktonic bacteria and dual-species biofilms. The IL-Zn/CMCS composite showed good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility with L929 cells. In animal tests, the composite improved pulp healing and dentin formation compared with iRoot BP Plus alone. CON …

Preliminary species-dependent growth responses of selected oral bacteria to e-cigarette Liquids and aerosol extracts: a single-species in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: The increased use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has raised concern regarding their potential impact on oral health. E- … uated, with three analytical replicates per condition within each biological repeat. Single-species planktonic growth was monitored over 48 h, and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. Growth-inhibitory activity of aerosol extracts and undiluted e-liquids was evaluated using an agar disk diffusion assay. The pH of undiluted e-liquids was also …

A wspA mutation in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa results in rugose small colonies and enhances biofilm formation.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major multidrug-resistant pathogen whose biofilm formation complicates treatment. Rugose small colony variants ( … , motility, transcriptomic changes, c-di-GMP quantification, and antimicrobial susceptibility under planktonic and biofilm conditions. Both isolates were identified as ST3420. AR8023-1 exhibited typical smooth morphology, while AR8023-2 displayed an RSCV phenotype with a single SNP-a glutamine deletion at position 289 (ΔQ289) in WspA. Complementation resto …

Biogenic Silver-Selenium nanocomposite with anticancer activity and potent efficacy against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria as well as the continued burden of malignant diseases requires the saf … ng green-synthesized nanoplatform with combined anticancer and bacterial inhibitory effects in both planktonic and biofilm growth forms and antimicrobial-potentiating activities.

Engineering multifunctional catheters with a nitric oxide-releasing ciprofloxacin conjugate to combat thrombosis and infection.

Indwelling medical devices, such as intravenous and urinary catheters, have significantly enhanced patient care and greatly improved treatme … ibacterial properties when tested in vitro for bacterial adhesion (24 h and 14-day CDC bioreactor), planktonic viability, and biofilm biomass accumulation against S. aureus and E. coli. To assess bacterial migration across the skin barrier, an ex vivo skin translocation model was performed, which showed no bacterial migration on the SR-SNAP-CIP catheter. A …

Multidimensional characterization of a novel porcine Klebsiella pneumoniae phage Pkp-1.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneu … PFU/cell. Pkp-1 demonstrated high stability at 40 °C-60 °C and pH 4.0-11.0, effectively inhibiting planktonic bacteria and suppressing/eradicating biofilms. Genomic analysis revealed a 38,455 bp dsDNA genome with 48 open reading frames (ORFs), functions of 30 proteins were predicted (e.g., DNA polymerase, tail fiber), while the remaining 18 proteins were …