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Гут Микробиота Нарушение гематологовой терапии рака: Молекулярное понимание и последствия для эффективности лечения.

Гематологическая магнелезность (ГМ), включая лейкемию, лимфому и множественные миеломы, связана с бесконтрольным распространением аномальных кровеносных клеток, что создает серьезные клинические проблемы из-за их неоднородности и различных методов лечения. Несмотря на недавние достижения в области лечения, благодаря которым повысились показатели выживаемости, особенно в случае хронической лимфоцитической лейкемии и острой лимфоболической лейкемии, такие методы лечения, как химиотерапия и трансплантация стволовых клеток, часто нарушают микробиоту, что может негативно сказаться на результатах ле

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… Drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, methotrexate, capecitabine, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin are known to cause side effects like mucositis, diarrhea, febrile processes, and pneumonia, which are often linked to changes in gut bacteria [ 106 ]. …

Current Diagnosis and Management of Primary Chylomicronemia.

Primary chylomicronemia (PCM) is a rare and intractable disease characterized by marked accumulation of chylomicrons in plasma. The levels of plasma triglycerides (TGs) typically range from 1,000 - 15,000 mg/dL or higher.PCM is caused by defects in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) pathway due to genetic mutations, autoantibodies, or unidentified causes. The monogenic type is typically inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with loss-of-function mutations in LPL pathway genes (LPL, LMF1, GPIHBP1, APOC2, and APOA5). Secondary/environmental factors (diabetes, alcohol intake, pregnancy, etc.) often

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… • Medications : Glucocorticoids, oral estrogens (contraceptives, postmenopausal replacement therapies), clomiphene, tamoxifen, exogenous testosterone; retinoids such as isotretinoin, bexarotene; immunosuppressants and anticancer drugs such as sirolimus, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, capecitabine, cyclophosphamide …

Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-diclofenac as an anti-cancer agent.

Diclofenac (DCF) is a well-known and widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with a range of actions which are of interest in an oncological context. While there has long been an interest in the use of NSAIDs in chemoprevention, there is now emerging evidence that such drugs may have activity in a treatment setting. DCF, which is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 synthesis, displays a range of effects on the immune system, the angiogenic cascade, chemo- and radio-sensitivity and tumour metabolism. Both pre-clinical and clinical evidence of these effects, in mul

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… To date a broad range of chemotherapy agents have been used metronomically, mostly via oral formulations, including cyclophosphamide, capecitabine, methotrexate, etoposide, vinorelbine and temozolomide [ 21 ]. …

The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic.

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pat

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immunomodulators for Cancer Immunotherapy: Insights Into Resistance and Therapeutic Strategies.

Cancer immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment. However, the molecular and cellular basis of immune evasion and therapeutic resistance remains incompletely understood. Early immune checkpoint inhibitors have delivered significant clinical benefit, but their efficacy and durability remain limited in many patients. These limitations have driven the exploration of next-generation immune checkpoints and additional regulatory pathways that shape tumor-immune interactions. Recent advances have broadened the immune checkpoint landscape and revealed new targets. These targets operate within inter

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… For example, nivolumab plus chemotherapy significantly extended survival in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ 134 ], and metronomic chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide + capecitabine + vinorelbine) combined with PDCD1 blockade improved survival in metastatic breast cancer [ 135 ]. …

Hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells: the current state of small molecule-based inhibitors.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Patients with advanced-stage HCC are referred to systemic treatment. Although some advances in HCC therapy have been made in recent years, the prognosis for patients remains poor due to drug resistance, tumor relapse, and metastasis, implying that overall survival remains a challenge. Many studies have shown that tumor-initiating stem cells, also known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), play essential roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and treatment resistance in HCC and that future cancer

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… Zhang et al. [ 72 ] reported that the survival period of Kunming mice with HCC H22 cells after treatment with BC-02 was equivalent to that after treatment with capecitabine. …

Food-derived compounds targeting ferroptosis for cancer therapy: from effects to mechanisms.

Ferroptosis is distinctive type programmed cell death. Tumor cells, with their higher iron levels, render them more susceptible to ferroptosis Inducing ferroptosis can activate immune cells, regulate immune evasion, and inhibit the biology activity of cancer cells. Therefore, ferroptosis-induced cancer cell death could become a promising approach for cancer treatment. Dietary compounds are an important source for drug discovery, and there has been an increasing amount of literature on food-derived ferroptosis inducers and their applications in cancer treatment. This review provides an overview

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… When curcumin is used in combination with chemotherapy drugs (such as capecitabine), it can significantly enhance the pro-apoptotic effects of chemotherapy and inhibit NF-κB activity. …

Nanomedicine for cancer patient-centered care.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and an increase in incidence is estimated in the next future, due to population aging, which requires the development of highly tolerable and low-toxicity cancer treatment strategies. The use of nanotechnology to tailor treatments according to the genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a patient's tumor, and to allow its targeted release, can meet this need, improving the efficacy of treatment and minimizing side effects. Nanomedicine-based approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a rapidly evolving field. Se

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… . | NA NCT04390958 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy With Nab‐paclitaxel plus cisplatin and capecitabine for locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Recruiting | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Phase 2 NCT04524702 | Paricalcitol and hydroxychloroquine …

Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules that interact to promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the TME is crucial in understanding cancer progression and therapeutic challenges. A critical process induced by TME signaling is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), wherein epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal traits, which enhance their motility and inva

Natural anti-cancer products: insights from herbal medicine.

Herbal medicine exhibits a broad spectrum of potent anti-cancer properties, including the enhancement of tumor immune responses, reversal of multidrug resistance, regulation of autophagy and ferroptosis, as well as anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects. This review systematically explores recent advances (primarily documented since 2019) in research on key anti-cancer compounds derived from herbal medicine, such as apigenin, artemisinin, berberine, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ginsenosides, icariin, resveratrol, silibinin, triptolide, and ursolic

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… AFAP1L2 protein expression; up-regulate Bad, Bak, Bax, Bim, p53 | 0–5 µM, 0–20 µM, 0–30 µM, 0–40 µM, 10 μM, 25 μM, 30 μM, 50 μM, 0–80 μM, 0–100 μM, 0–120 μM, 0–140 μM, 0–150 μM, 0–160 μM, 0–200 μM, 0–300 μM; 2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg | 5-FU, Anlotinib, Capecitabine … Dihydroartemisinin and capecitabine have a synergistic effect on human colon cancer (HCT 116, DLD-1, SW620, and HCT-15) cells and mitigate the side effects induced by capecitabine [ 154 ]. …

Reflexology in oncological treatment - a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: As cancer and its therapy comes with a wide range of negative effects, people look for options to mitigate these effects. Reflexology is among the options of complementary medicine. METHOD: In March 2022 a systematic search was conducted searching five electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Medline) to find studies concerning the use, effectiveness and potential harm of reflexology on cancer patients. RESULTS: From all 821 search results, 29 publications concerning 26 studies with 2465 patients were included in this systematic review. The patients treated w

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… : Significantly lower consumption in Arm A (mean = 39.59mg Demerol; p = 0.015) Uysal (2017) | RCT | n = 65 / Reflexology n = 21, Classical Massage n = 22, Control n = 22 / Dropout n = 5 / Cancer type: Colorectal (stage II and III) / Sex: 50% female Other therapies: CRT (5 weeks): CTX 5-Fluoruracil/ Capecitabine …

Recent Advances in Cancer Vaccines: Challenges, Achievements, and Futuristic Prospects.

Cancer is a chronic disease, and it can be lethal due to limited therapeutic options. The conventional treatment options for cancer have numerous challenges, such as a low blood circulation time as well as poor solubility of anticancer drugs. Therapeutic cancer vaccines emerged to try to improve anticancer drugs' efficiency and to deliver them to the target site. Cancer vaccines are considered a viable therapeutic technique for most solid tumors. Vaccines boost antitumor immunity by delivering tumor antigens, nucleic acids, entire cells, and peptides. Cancer vaccines are designed to induce lon

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… Recruiting | Multiple | GM-CSF and montanide ISA-51 adjuvanted intervention in combination with temozolomide | NCT03299309 Brain tumor | I | Withdrawn | PPV | Combined with Hiltonol ® | NCT03068832 Gastroesophageal cancer | I/II | Active | HER2 | When used in conjunction with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine …

Antibodies to watch in 2020.

This 2020 installment of the annual 'Antibodies to Watch' series documents the antibody therapeutics approved in 2019 and in regulatory review in the United States or European Union, as well as those in late-stage clinical studies, as of November 2019*. At this time, a total of 5 novel antibody therapeutics (romosozumab, risankizumab, polatuzumab vedotin, brolucizumab, and crizanlizumab) had been granted a first approval in either the US or EU, and marketing applications for 13 novel antibody therapeutics (eptinezumab, teprotumumab, enfortumab vedotin, isatuximab, [fam-]trastuzumab deruxtecan,

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… MacroGenics anticipates submitting a BLA for margetuximab to the FDA in the fourth quarter of 2019, based on results of the Phase 3 SOPHIA study ( NCT02492711 ). 94 The SOPHIA study is evaluating margetuximab in combination with a chemotherapy agent (capecitabine or eribulin or gemcitabine or vinorelbine …

Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel drugs that exploit the specificity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to reach target antigens expressed on cancer cells for the delivery of a potent cytotoxic payload. ADCs provide a unique opportunity to deliver drugs to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue, achieving wider therapeutic windows and enhanced pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. To date, nine ADCs have been approved by the FDA and more than 80 ADCs are under clinical development worldwide. In this paper, we provide an overview of the biology and chemistry of each co

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… The pivotal phase III EMELIA trial which led to FDA approval of T-DM1 in 2013 showed an improved mPFS of 9.6 months with T-DM1 vs. 6 months with lapatinib plus capecitabine (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.55–0.77; p < 0.001) and median overall survival (mOS) of 30.9 vs. 25.1 months (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.85; p < …

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer and senescence.

The rising trend in global cancer incidence has caused widespread concern, one of the main reasons being the aging of the global population. Statistical data show that cancer incidence and mortality rates show a clear upward trend with age. Although there is a commonality between dysregulated nutrient sensing, which is one of the main features of aging, and metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, the specific regulatory relationship is not clear. This manuscript intends to comprehensively analyze the relationship between senescence and tumor metabolic reprogramming; as well as reveal the impac

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… Malignant solid tumors | Phase 1 | NCT01343498 | AZD2014, anastrozole | Endometrial cancer, estrogen receptor positive breast cancer | Phase 1 | NCT02730923 | Rapamon, apatinib | Progressive solid tumors | Phase 1 | NCT00337376 | RAD001, RG1507 | Progressive solid tumors | Phase 1 | NCT00985374 | Capecitabine …

Targeting Autophagy Using Long Non-Coding RNAs (LncRNAs): New Landscapes in the Arena of Cancer Therapeutics.

Cancer has become a global health hazard accounting for 10 million deaths in the year 2020. Although different treatment approaches have increased patient overall survival, treatment for advanced stages still suffers from poor clinical outcomes. The ever-increasing prevalence of cancer has led to a reanalysis of cellular and molecular events in the hope to identify and develop a cure for this multigenic disease. Autophagy, an evolutionary conserved catabolic process, eliminates protein aggregates and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has implicated the

EHA Guidelines on Management of Antithrombotic Treatments in Thrombocytopenic Patients With Cancer.

In cancer patients, thrombocytopenia can result from bone marrow infiltration or from anticancer medications and represents an important limitation for the use of antithrombotic treatments, including anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic agents. These drugs are often required for prevention or treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis or for cardioembolic prevention in atrial fibrillation in an increasingly older cancer population. Data indicate that cancer remains an independent risk factor for thrombosis even in case of thrombocytopenia, since mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia does n

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… hemodynamic instability | - Acute DVT - PE since diagnosis <6 wks Type of cancer | | - >4%/y: brain tumors, multiple myeloma, pancreas, stomach cancer (as advanced/metastatic disease) - Khorana score ≥2 Chemotherapy/anticancer therapy | | - Venous TE: • Cisplatin-based chemotherapy • Cytostatic: capecitabine …

Comprehensive Review of Methodology to Detect Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mammalian Species and Establish Its Relationship with Antioxidants and Cancer.

Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. ROS and antioxidants exert both beneficial and harmful effects on cancer. ROS at different concentrations exhibit different functions. This creates necessity to understand the relation between ROS, antioxidants, and cancer, and methods for detection of ROS. This review highlights various sources and types of ROS, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; types of antioxidants, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; and abnormal ROS detoxification in

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… There are several other agents that constitute current therapeutic repertory such as bleomycin, oxaliplatin, bortezomib, capecitabine, gemcitabine, celecoxib, arsenic trioxide, and cyclophosphamide [ 111 ]. …

Emerging agents that target signaling pathways to eradicate colorectal cancer stem cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The modern concept of cancer biology indicates that cancer is formed of a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which present both pluripotency and self-renewal properties. These cells are considered responsible for the progression of the disease, recurrence and tumor resistance. Interestingly, some cell signaling pathways participate in CRC survival, proliferation, and self-renewal properties, and most of them are dysregulated in CSCs, includ

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… CanStem303C) | Colorectal cancer | Drug: Napabucasin Drug: Fluorouracil Drug: Leucovorin Drug: Irinotecan Drug: Bevacizumab | Phase 3 | April 27, 2016 | Completed NCT01776307 | A study of BBI608 in adult patients with advanced colorectal cancer | Colorectal cancer | Drug: BBI608 Drug: Panitumumab Drug: Capecitabine …

Hematology

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… Plasmapheresis Macrocytic Anemia Differential Diagnosis LIVER DISEASE ALCOHOL DRUGS — chemotherapy (hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, azathioprine, cladribine, capecitabine), antiepileptics (phenytoin, phenobarbital), antibiotics/antivirals (trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, zidovudine …