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Malignant supratentorial ganglioglioma (ganglion cell-giant cell glioblastoma): a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: From both epidemiologic and pathologic viewpoints, gangliogliomas exhibiting components of giant cell glioblastomas are extraord … ry resections were reviewed. Reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein, synaptophysin, and Ki67 nuclear antigen was evaluated. RESULTS: Histologically, 2 distinct cell populations were noted on both the primary and secondary resections. The primary resection revealed a neoplasm having a predominant glial component consistent with a …

Case Report: Primary ovarian pulmonary-type small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma mimicking benign adnexal torsion: a diagnostic challenge.

BACKGROUND: Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, pulmonary type (SCCOPT), is a rare and aggressive ovarian neuroendocrine carcinoma. Because i … e carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis supported the diagnosis of SCCOPT, showing positivity for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and CD56, with negative TTF-1 expression, loss of Rb expression, and retained SMARCA4 expression. Postoperative evaluation, including PET-CT, gastroscopy, and colonoscopy, showed no evidence of an extra-ovarian primary tumor. Tumor- …

Homogentisic Acid Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier and Promotes Aβ Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease.

OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with metabolic dysregulation. This study aimed to … y exacerbated cognitive deficits, BBB leakage, Aβ deposition, and loss of synaptic proteins (PSD93, synaptophysin) in mice, with effects more pronounced in the APP/PS1 than in the P301S model. In vitro, HGA exerted dose-dependent neurotoxicity, promoted Aβ aggregation, and downregulated tight junction proteins (claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) in BMECs. Mechanistical …

Neonatal 2'-Fucosyllactose Supplementation Modulates Exploratory Behavior and Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Rats Through Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Remodeling.

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) represents a significant constituent within human milk oligosaccharides, and its benefits for intestinal health an … xpression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and synaptophysin in the 2'-FL group, supporting enhanced synaptic plasticity-related signaling. In summary, neonatal 2'-FL intervention enhanced exploratory behavior and was accompanied by increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related protein expression in rats, …

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ameliorates Alzheimer-like lesions by increasing MKP-1.

BackgroundSecoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a phytoestrogen, has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effe … und that SDG significantly enhanced learning and spatial memory while recovering PSD95, PKA-Cα, and synaptophysin levels in 5×FAD mice. SDG reduced Aβ plaques, tau phosphorylation at Ser 199/214/262/396 and Thr 231, alleviated the phosphorylation of MAPKs (JNK, ERK1/2, P38), and increased p-GSK-3β (Ser9), while decreased activation of microglia (Iba-1) and astr …

Hidden in the Mediastinum: A Grade 1 Neuroendocrine Tumor Revealed by Refractory Hypokalemia and Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome.

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare, fulminant variant of endogenous hypercortisolism tha … surgery (VATS). Histopathology confirmed a grade 1 neuroendocrine tumor with diffuse positivity for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neuron-specific enolase. Twenty-four hours after surgery, serum cortisol decreased to 11.1 µg/dL and ACTH to 2.0 pg/mL; serum potassium normalized without supplementation. Octreotide receptor scintigraphy showed no residual or m …

Extra-Appendiceal Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma: Clinicopathological Features of a Series of Tumors in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Bile Duct.

ObjectivesGoblet cell adenocarcinoma is an amphicrine tumor composed primarily of goblet-like mucinous cells with variable numbers of endocr … iate-grade (n = 2), or high-grade (n = 4). All tumors expressed at least one neuroendocrine marker (synaptophysin, chromogranin A, insulinoma-associated protein 1). No mutations were detected in the KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, or BRAF. All seven tested tumors were microsatellite stable. Two of the patients had early-stage disease, while six had advanced disease, with t …

A Case of Primary Renal Ewing Sarcoma With Metastatic Presentation and Review of Multimodal Management.

Primary Ewing sarcoma of the kidney (ESK) is an exceptionally rare and aggressive malignancy, representing less than 1% of renal tumors. It … led a malignant round cell tumor. Immunohistochemistry was positive for vimentin, NKX2.2, CD99, and synaptophysin, confirming the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma. A staging PET-CT demonstrated metastatic disease involving the liver, inferior vena cava (with tumor thrombus), lymph nodes, and multiple skeletal sites. The patient received eight cycles of alternating VD …

Sequential Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Carcinoma Following Prior Nissen Fundoplication.

Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCCE) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with clinical features that often resemble more co … d poorly differentiated small cell carcinoma with a high proliferative index, positive staining for synaptophysin and CAM 5.2, and negative staining for chromogranin and CD45. Staging evaluation revealed no evidence of distant metastases. This report illustrates the rare occurrence of metachronous esophageal cancers with distinct histologic subtypes arising wit …

Диметил фумарат улучшает амилоид-бета, вызывая когнитивные недостатки, за счет ограничения некроптозной сигнализации у крыс RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL.

Болезнь Альцгеймера (AD) — серьезное нейродегенеративное расстройство, характеризующееся постепенной когнитивной дисфункцией. Некроптоз играет соответствующую роль в нейробиологии AD, которая регулируется белковыми киназами (RIPK) рецептора и смешанными киназными киназами (MLKL). Известно также, что диметилфумарат (ДМФ) — лекарство, изменяющее болезнь и используемое для лечения множественных склерозов, — препятствует некроптозной траектории. Здесь мы изучили эффект DMF в клеточной линии C6 и модели AD Aβ1-42. Лечение DMF изменило жизнестойкость и экспрессию клеток C6 RIPK1, RIPK3 и MLKL в липо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. Necroptosis plays a perti … ing DMF treatment. DMF was also able to improve synaptic plasticity by increasing the expression of synaptophysin, BDNF, MBP, and PSD95, which were determined by using immunoblot. Our results indicate the cognitive improvement and neuroprotective effects of DMF in Aβ1-42 CE model by modulating the necroptosis signalling. We suggest that the selective targeting …

Thyroblastoma in Pregnancy: Expanding the Cytomorphological Spectrum of a Novel DICER1 -Associated Entity, a Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroblastoma is a rare, aggressive thyroid neoplasm newly classified in the 2022 WHO Classification of Endocrine Tumors. It i … ll round blastemal cells. Immunocytochemistry showed TTF-1 and PAX8 positivity in epithelial cells, synaptophysin and SALL4 in blastemal cells, and myogenin in both spindled and blastemal components, supporting a cytological diagnosis of thyroblastoma. She underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection during the second trimester. Histology confirmed thyrobl …

Electroacupuncture improved depressive behaviors and synaptic plasticity of post-stroke depressed mice via inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVES: The safety and effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) in treating depression have been scientifically validated. Recent eviden … of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), neurofilament-200 (NF-200), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), synaptophysin (Syn), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), along with increasing the counts of hippocampal synapses. The JNK signaling pathway was continuously activated after MCAO and stress treatments, and EA inhibited the JNK signaling pathway by decre …

Preconditioning with an enriched environment enhances neuroplasticity and functional recovery following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the effects of preconditioning with an enriched environment (EE) on neuroplasticity following cerebr … post-MCAO. The expression levels of neuroplasticity-related proteins, including neurofilament (NF), synaptophysin (Syn), and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), as well as neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), were analyzed using western blot and immunohistochemical techniques. Correlation analys …

From Formulation to Function: γ‑Oryzanol Solid Dispersion Development and Its Neuroprotective Effects on the Depression Model.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition linked to suicide risk and public health impact. Current antidepressant … ity through multiple mechanisms: reducing MAO activity, suppressing GR expression, and upregulating synaptophysin expression. These results strongly support the GOSD as a safe and effective alternative therapeutic approach for treating depressive disorders.

GLI1/2-altered mesenchymal tumors: a study of 8 cases expanding the clinicopathological and molecular spectrum including an upstream PTCH1-inactivating mutation.

GLI1/2 alterations drive mesenchymal tumors harboring rearrangements and amplifications. Affected patients show a broad age range and tumor … vity. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated variable positivity for S100,  pankeratin AE1/3, EMA, CD56, synaptophysin and chromogranin. MDM2, CDK4, and STAT6 expressions were detected in cases with GLI1 amplification. In three neoplasms, a fusion gene was identified (GLI1::MALAT1, n = 2; PTBP1::GLI2, n = 1). Three cases harbored GLI1-amplification, with co-amplific …

Late-Onset Para-Aortic Lymph Node Recurrence 11 Years after Resection of Pancreatic Cancer: Histological Reassessment Revealed Neuroendocrine Differentiation Amenable to Surgical Resection.

INTRODUCTION: While para-aortic lymph node recurrence may occur after curative resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), it is … c lymph node enlargement. CT-guided biopsy showed neuroendocrine morphology with chromogranin A and synaptophysin positivity, consistent with neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Retrospective histological review of the original surgical specimen revealed previously unrecognized NET-G2 components (Ki-67, 5.0%). Surgical resection of the para-aortic and mesenteric lymph …

β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates STZ-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Conditions in Rats via Modulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Synaptic Plasticity, and Neuroinflammation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinfl … on tests. Hippocampal tissues were analyzed for BDNF expression, synaptic plasticity markers (e.g., synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM], and ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]), neuroinflammatory markers (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, COX2, and NF-κB), and oxidative stress markers. Histological (hematoxylin and eosin) and Golgi-Cox staining techniqu …

Oral Administration of Astrocyte-Targeted Natural Antioxidants Suppress NOX4-Driven Neuroinflammation and Restore Hippocampal Neurogenesis in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model.

Background/Objectives: Astrocytic redox-inflammatory signaling has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology and may constrain h … es, along with recovery of neurogenesis markers (Ki67, DCX, BrdU/NeuN) and synaptic markers (PSD95, synaptophysin), and improved motor performance. Mitochondrial and oxidative injury markers (TIM23, TOM20, OXPHOS subunits; 4-HNE) and apoptotic markers (Bax, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2) also shifted toward Sham levels. Given previous reports of Passiflora extracts' …

Magnolol acts as a neurorestorative agent in an Aβ1‑42‑induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Magnolol may have the potential to alleviate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the … r, hippocampal levels of tau, phosphorylated (p-)tau, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), p-GSK3β, synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 revealed that magnolol also limited neurofibrillary tangle formation, repaired synaptic plasticity, and inhibited astrocyte and microg …

The potential neuroprotective effects of Spirulina platensis in a valproic acid-induced experimental model of autism in the siblings of albino rats: targeting PIk3/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.

INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with poor social interaction, communication issue … ision of brain were stained using (H&E) and Giemsa stains. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Synaptophysin (SYN) markers were used for immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Autistic Group (III) showed an increment in levels of MDA, IL-6, IL12 and BAX while showing a decrement in SOD, Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 as well as increased PI3k, Akt and mTOR gene expre …