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High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in elk (Cervus canadensis) of the central Appalachians, USA.

Toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan parasite of mammals that impacts animal health and behavior. Although this parasite has been documented in several cervid species, including red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe, little is known about T. gondii impacts on the closely related North American counterpart, the elk (wapiti, Cervus canadensis), which has increased in number and expanded in range during the past century. We assessed seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT) (1:25 titer) and blood collected from 142 free-ranging elk in Kentucky, USA, whe…

Current evidence on the transmissibility of chronic wasting disease prions to humans-A systematic review.

A number of prion diseases affect humans, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; most of these are due to genetic mutations in the affected individual and occur sporadically, but some result from transmission of prion proteins from external sources. Of the known animal prion diseases, only bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions have been shown to be transmissible from animals to humans under non-experimental conditions. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease that affects cervids (e.g., deer and elk) in North America and isolated populations in Korea and Europe. Systematic review metho…

Ring apophysis fractures induced by low-load low-angle repetitive flexion in an ex-vivo cervine model.

Ring apophysis fractures of the spine occur in physically-active adolescents causing low back pain and the potential for chronic pain. Many … h peak load of 230±50N), a representative movement component of daily activities for both human and deer lumbar spines. Pinned end conditions replicated physiologically realistic loading. Ring apophysis fractures were created under low-load low-angle conditions in healthy vertebrae of similar bone mineral density and a similar degree of skeletal maturi …

Pharmacological and morphological characteristics of the muscular system of the giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna - Bassi 1875).

Motility is required for feeding, reproduction and maintenance of the fluke in the host's liver. According to that, the neuromuscular system can be an attractive drugable target for chemotherapy. Musculature of the Fascioloides magna is organized into three layers, an outer circular layer, beneath this layer the longitudinal layer, and third, the oblique, or diagonal layer underlies the longitudinal layer. In our study, the administration of atropine or caffeine did not cause classic muscle contractions of F. magna muscle strips. However, the Electrical Field Stimulation (EFS) induced stable a

Overview of vaccination trials for control of tuberculosis in cattle, wildlife and humans.

Vaccination is a key strategy for control of tuberculosis (TB), and considerable progress has been made in the past 5 years to develop impro … otection against experimental challenge of M. bovis in possums, badgers, wild boar and white-tailed deer and against natural exposure to M. bovis in possums. Recent progress in TB vaccine development has provided much impetus for their future use.

Eastern equine encephalitis in moose (Alces americanus) in northeastern Vermont.

During fall 2010, 21 moose (Alces americanus) sera collected in northeastern Vermont were screened for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests. Six (29%) were antibody positive. This is the first evidence of EEEV activity in Vermont, and the second report of EEEV antibodies in moose.

Identification of Brucella abortus genes in elk (Cervus elaphus) using in vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT) reveals novel markers of infection.

Elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area are a major reservoir for brucellosis, which represents an obstacle to eradication of the disease in domestic livestock. Furthermore, immune responses to Brucella abortus infection in the wild host are not well-understood. In this regard, in vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT) was employed to identify novel B. abortus antigens expressed during infection in elk. Sera collected from sero-positive Wyoming elk were pooled and absorbed against in vitro-grown cultures of B. abortus. Approximately 35,000 E. coli clones, expressing B. abortus DNA, were then scre

Babesia odocoilei infection in elk.

Two male North American elk from a commercial herd were evaluated because of a sudden onset of lethargy, anorexia, and voiding of red urine. These 2 elk were kept in the same pen as 4 other male elk that had died during the preceding 2 months. Laboratory analyses revealed anemia and intraerythrocytic parasites, later confirmed as Babesia odocoilei (a protozoal hemoparasite of cervids). Of the 240 elk remaining in the herd, 59 were screened for B odocoilei by microscopic evaluation of blood smears, protozoal culture of blood, and immunofluorescent antibody testing of serum. Of those 59 elk, 34

Brucella vaccines in wildlife.

Brucellosis has been known to exist in populations of wildlife since the early part of the 20th century. At the beginning of this century in the US, Brucella abortus is a problem in elk and bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area, B. suis is prevalent in millions of feral swine in most of the southern states, and caribou/reindeer in Alaska are infected with B. suis biovar 4. Brucellosis has been virtually eliminated in domestic livestock in the US after decades of expensive governmental disease prevention, control and eradication programs. Now the most likely source of transmission of brucellosi…

'Mysterious' moose disease in Sweden. Similarities to copper deficiency and/or molybdenosis in cattle and sheep. Biochemical background of clinical signs and organ lesions.

The moose (Alces alces L.) in an acid rain affected region in south-west Sweden has developed a complex disease with numerous clinical signs, most of which are consistent with those of secondary copper (Cu) deficiency and/or molybdenosis in cattle and sheep. The clinical signs of the moose disease reported to date include diarrhoea, anorexia, emaciation, achromotrichia, alopecia, sudden heart failure and osteoporosis. Findings at necropsy included mucosal oedema, atrophied lymphoid tissues of the mucous membranes of the alimentary tract, neuropathy, neuronal degeneration and uni- or bilateral

Ecological risks to fossorial vertebrates from volatile organic compounds in soil.

The past several years has seen an increased awareness of the need to conduct ecological risk assessments (ERAs) for hazardous waste sites. One technique used in ERAs involves estimating contaminant exposure to individual animals of selected species, which is then compared to a reference dose derived from the literature. Exposure estimates are conducted on those species which are representative of the different trophic levels found at the site. In many terrestrial systems, fossorial (burrowing) vertebrates are found in both lower and upper trophic levels. As part of the ERA conducted for Site

[The karyotypic characteristics of a skin fibroblast line from the Indian muntjac cultured with different sera].

The karyotypic structure of the Indian muntjak skin fibroblast cell line, with 7 chromosomes in modal class, was compared in the cells cultures, with 10 and 3% of fetal calf serum of two different lots. In addition, the effect of the same serum lot on chromosome variability in the two different Indian muntjac skin fibroblast sublines differing in the modal class stability was investigated. In both the cases, the serum affects the cell distribution for the chromosome number. The analysis of correlations between the main and other structure variants of the karyotype (MSVK and SVK) showed that th

The hormonal control of implantation.

The hormonal control of implantation in mammalian species with and without embryonic diapause is described. In a majority of species displaying the obligate form of diapause the corpora lutea appear to exhibit a low level of steroidogenic activity throughout diapause, full luteal activity being resumed just before the initiation of implantation. Fluctuations in the plasma levels of oestrogen and progesterone during diapause may serve to prime the uterus for implantation. In species exhibiting the facultative form of diapause, such as the rat and mouse, both progesterone and nidatory oestrogen

The New Human Babesia sp. FR1 Is a European Member of the Babesia sp. MO1 Clade.

In Europe, Babesia divergens is responsible for most of the severe cases of human babesiosis. In the present study, we describe a case of ba … the rabbit as its natural host, differing from those of B. divergens (cattle) and B. capreoli (roe deer). The natural host of Babesia sp. FR1 remains to be discovered.

Molecular (ticks) and serological (humans) study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the Iberian Peninsula, 2013-2015.

INTRODUCTION: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease, mainly transmitted through tick bite, of great importance in Public Health. In Spain, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) was detected for the first time in 2010 in Hyalomma lusitanicum ticks collected from deer in Cáceres. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of CCHFV in ticks from Cáceres, and from other Spanish areas, and to evaluate the presence of antibodies against the virus in individuals exposed to tick bites. METHODS: A total of 2053 ticks (1333 Hyalomma marginatum, 680 H. lusitanicum …

Lyme and Dopaminergic Function: Hypothesizing Reduced Reward Deficiency Symptomatology by Regulating Dopamine Transmission.

The principal vector of Lyme disease in the United States is Ixodes scapularis: black legged or deer ticks. There is increased evidence that those infected may be plagued by anxiety or depression as well. Researchers have identified transcripts coding for two putative cytosolic sulfotransferases in these ticks, which recognized phenolic monoamines as their substrates. It is hypothesized that protracted Lyme disease sequelae may be due to impairment of dopaminergic function of the brain reward circuitry. The subsequent recombinant proteins exhibited sulfotransferase function against two neurotr…

Общинное партнерство, предназначенное для поощрения профилактики заболеваний лайма и участия в научных исследованиях.

Цель этого проекта заключается в содействии профилактике заболеваний Лайма и развитии интереса к науке в рамках проекта " Граждане - наука " , координируемого исследователями государственного университета и преподавателями в сельских средних школах. План уроков призван повысить интерес учащихся к научной карьере за счет участия в подлинном научном опыте с использованием темы, имеющей последствия для здоровья окружающих общин. Учащиеся знакомятся в классе с зоонотические заболеваниями, передаваемыми клещами " Иксод " , рисками для здоровья, связанными с болезнью Лайма, и стр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The goal of this project is to promote Lyme disease prevention and to cultivate an interest in science through a citizen-science project coo … participation in the activity increased student confidence and ability to correctly differentiate a deer tick from a wood tick and to recognize the symptoms of Lyme disease. In addition, students reported increased interest in pursuing a science degree in college or graduate school. Authentic research experience related to a disease relevant to the loc …

The symbiotic intestinal ciliates and the evolution of their hosts.

The evolution of sophisticated differentiations of the gastro-intestinal tract enabled herbivorous mammals to digest dietary cellulose and hemicellulose with the aid of a complex anaerobic microbiota. Distinctive symbiotic ciliates, which are unique to this habitat, are the largest representatives of this microbial community. Analyses of a total of 484 different 18S rRNA genes show that extremely complex, but related ciliate communities can occur in the rumen of cattle, sheep, goats and red deer (301 sequences). The communities in the hindgut of equids (Equus caballus, Equus quagga), and eleph…

From prion diseases to prion-like propagation mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative sporadic, inherited, or acquired disorders. In humans, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is the most studied prion disease. In animals, the most frequent prion diseases are scrapie in sheep and goat, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, and the emerging chronic wasting disease in wild and captive deer in North America. The hallmark of prion diseases is the deposition in the brain of PrP(Sc), an abnormal β -sheet-rich form of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) (Prusiner 1982). According to the prion hypothesis, PrP(Sc) can trigger the autocatalytic con…

Tick-borne parasitic diseases in cattle: current knowledge and prospective risk analysis related to the ongoing evolution in French cattle farming systems.

Parasitic diseases, like babesiosis and theileriosis are transmitted by ticks: their occurrence is therefore linked to the size of the tick … cattle and ticks, and an increase in the contact rate between cattle and the wild fauna, especially deer. This results in likely modifications of the endemic situation, with a higher risk of clinical babesiosis in the medium term.