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Betaine protects cerebral microvascular endothelium and ameliorates hypertension-induced cognitive dysfunction via upregulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric monoxide signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVES: Hypertension-induced endothelial damage in cerebral microvessels is a key factor contributing to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Endothelial function stabilization considerably depends on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitrogen monoxide (NO) pathway. Furthermore, the eNOS/NO signaling pathway plays a role in stabilizing the vascular endothelium. Although betaine (bet) has been shown to improve cognitive dysfunction, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether betaine protects cognitive function by regulating eNOS/NO …

Early dobutamine response to delayed cerebral ischemia affected by vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Serial cerebral blood flow analyses using O-15-water positron-emission tomography - A report of two cases.

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) which is mainly attributable to cerebral vasospasm, is a major cause of death and disability in patients wit … ibutable to vasospasm, as demonstrated by the increased velocities of circulating blood in cortical microvessels distal to the vasospasm early after infusion rather than in the spastic vessels themselves. This is the first report to present the effectiveness and limitations of the acute rCBF response to hyperdynamic therapy with dobutamine for DCI, depending o …

Cascaded, self-decomposing messenger in MXene@Cu-MOF heterostructures for on-demand infection control and pro-angiogenic wound repair.

Infected diabetic wounds are sustained by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), persistent bacteria, and poor angiogenesis. We present a … ress, shifted macrophages toward a CD206-positive reparative phenotype, and increased CD31-positive microvessels. Day-14 RNA-seq revealed enrichment of antibacterial defense, tightly regulated inflammatory programs, angiogenesis, and antioxidant pathways. This interface-engineered dressing delivers cascaded, on-demand therapy in which photothermal energy activ …

Дифференцированное выражение и модуляция ЭБИ2 и 7α,25-OHC синтезирующих (CH25H, CYP7B1) и унижающих достоинство (HSD3B7) ферментов в мышах и человеческих сосудистых клетках.

Внутренние лиганды рецептора EBI2, оксистерина 7α,25OHC, имеющие решающее значение для иммунной реакции, тщательно регулируются ферментами CH25H, CYP7B1 и HSD3B7. Линфоидные стромальные клетки и фолликулярные дендритические клетки внутри Т-клеток поддерживают градиент 7α,25OHC, при этом стромальные клетки увеличиваются, а дендритные клетки уменьшают их концентрацию. Этот градиент имеет ключевое значение для надлежащего размещения клеток В в лимфоидной ткани. В животной модели множественного склероза экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит, уровни 7α,25OHC быстро увеличиваются в центральн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The endogenous ligand for the EBI2 receptor, oxysterol 7α,25OHC, crucial for immune responses, is finely regulated by CH25H, CYP7B1 and HSD3 … To explore if blood vessel cells in the brain express these enzymes, we examined normal mouse brain microvessels and studied changes in their expression during inflammation. Ebi2 was abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, pericytes/smooth muscle cells, and astrocytic endfeet. Ch25h, Cyp7b1, and Hsd3b7 were variably detected in each cell type, suggesting th …

Adenoid glioblastoma: Stromal hypovascularity and secretion of chondromodulin-I by tumor cells.

The case of a 75-year-old man with a glioblastoma of the right frontal lobe showing features of adenoid glioblastoma is reported. The tumor … dherin. A marked regional decrease in microvascular density, approaching almost complete absence of microvessels, was demonstrated in the adenoid component. In contrast, microvascular density was well preserved in the spindle cell component and the area of ordinary glioblastoma. Tumor cells in the adenoid component showed cytoplasmic expression of chondromodul …

Perivascular Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Exacerbate Microvasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can lead to acute or delayed cerebral ischemia. Recent findings have revealed that spasm of microvessels, called microvasospasm, may contribute to SAH-related cerebral ischemia, and perivascular inflammation is considered important in the development of microvasospasms. However, owing to the difficulty in investigating the dynamics of vascular and perivascular events, little is known about the mechanisms underlying microvasospasms. METHODS: We established an experimental system aiming to investigate the vascular and perivascular pathology of SAH by co…

Mixture of Doxycycline, ML-7 and L-NAME Restores the Pro- and Antioxidant Balance during Myocardial Infarction-In Vivo Pig Model Study.

The restoration of blood flow to the ischemic myocardium inflicts ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) heart injury (IRI). The main contributors to IR … d an innovative multi-drug therapy using low concentrations of drugs applied intracoronary to reach microvessels in order to stabilize the pro- and antioxidant balance during a MI in an in vivo pig model. The ability of a mixture of doxycycline (1 μM), ML-7 (0.5 μM), and L-NAME (2 μM) to modulate the pro- and antioxidative balance was tested in the left ventri …

A Novel Rat Model to Simulate the Benign Esophageal Stricture Induced by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish a rat model that simulates benign esophageal strictures induced by endoscopic submucosal dissection … The inflammation grade (P = 0.002), damage to the muscularis propria (P < 0.001), number of nascent microvessels (P = 0.006), and degree of α-SMA positive deposition (P = 0.006) were significantly higher in the mucosal resection group. CONCLUSION: A rat model of benign esophageal stricture induced by ESD was successfully and safely established by mucosal rese …

The usefulness of nailfold capillaroscopy in scleroderma-spectrum disorders: a single-centre observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Nail-fold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive method for assessment of the microcirculation in nail folds. This examination is particularly useful for diagnosis, assessment of activity, evaluation of the response to treatment, and assessment of the correlation of changes in microvessels with changes in organs in systemic sclerosis and in scleroderma-spectrum diseases, i.e. dermatomyositis, polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease. AIM: To perform capillaroscopic analyses of lesions in patients with scleroderma-spectrum diseases a…

Clinical application of photoacoustic imaging for cervical precursor lesion detection.

PURPOSE: Early diagnosis of a precursor lesion in the uterine cervix is an essential factor in uterine cervical cancer prevention. Although … ve the accuracy of early diagnosis of cervical precursor lesions. METHODS: A PA imaging system for microvessels was used to detect angiogenesis in severe lesions. A total of 21 patients who underwent surgical treatment and 114 outpatients who visited our colposcopy clinic were examined. A retrospective evaluation of PA images was performed as follows: (i) pat …

The role of leptomeningeal collaterals in redistributing blood flow during stroke.

Leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) connect the main cerebral arteries and provide alternative pathways for blood flow during ischaemic stroke … hat was characterised by increased flow in LMCs. Interestingly, the improved perfusion of MCA-sided microvessels after dilating LMCs came at the cost of a reduced blood supply in other brain areas. This effect was enhanced in regions close to the watershed line and when the number of LMCs was increased. Additional dilations of surface and penetrating arteries …

Endothelial deletion of EPH receptor A4 alters single-cell profile and Tie2/Akap12 signaling to preserve blood-brain barrier integrity.

Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) result from a complex interplay of secondary injury responses and sequela that … ly, A-kinase anchor protein 12, Akap12, whose presence at Tie2 clustering domains is enhanced in KO microvessels. Transcript and protein analysis of CCI-injured whole cortical tissue or cortical-derived ECs suggests that EphA4 limits the expression of Cldn5, Akt, and Akap12 and promotes Ang2. Blocking Tie2 using sTie2-Fc attenuated protection and reversed Akap …

Cilostazol promotes blood vessel formation and bone regeneration in a murine non-union model.

Non-unions represent a major complication in trauma and orthopedic surgery. Many factors contribute to bone regeneration, out of which an ad … ronounced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a higher number of CD31-positive microvessels and an increased oxygen saturation within the callus tissue. Furthermore, cilostazol induced higher numbers of tartrate-resistant acidic phosphate (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts and CD68-positive macrophages. Taken together, these findings demonstrate …

Survival Benefit of Statin with Anti-Angiogenesis Efficacy in Lung Cancer-Associated Pleural Fluid through FXR Modulation.

Lung cancer-related pleural fluid (LCPF) presents as a common complication with limited treatment. Beyond its function in lipid digestion, bile acid was identified as a potent carcinogen to stimulate tumor proliferation. Previous research indicated a correlation between serum bile acid levels and the risk of developing several gastrointestinal cancers. Our study identified elevated bile acid levels in LCPF and increased farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression as bile acid nuclear receptors in pleural microvessels of lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, LCPF stimulated the expression of proteins in…

Diffuse xanthoma in early esophageal cancer: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal xanthomas are asymptomatic and infrequent non-neoplastic lesions that commonly occur in the stomach with Helico … ing endoscopy with narrow band imaging, aggregated minute and yellowish-colored spots with tortuous microvessels on the surface were observed, and background coloration was clearly seen in the lesion. As endoscopic biopsy suggested a histologically high-grade dysplasia; the lesion was completely resected en bloc by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The r …

The "Double-Peak" Pattern of Pituitary Adenoma Intrasellar Pressure and Its Effects on the Microvascular Structure.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intrasellar pressure (ISP) and the microvascular … reased again at grade 4, showing a "double-peak" pattern. The minimal diameter and perimeter of the microvessels and the vessel-covered area percentage were positively related to the ISP. When these parameters were compared among the adenomas of different Knosp grades, they also exhibited a "double-peak" pattern. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we found th …

Loss of CX3CR1 augments neutrophil infiltration into cochlear tissues after acoustic overstimulation.

The cochlea, the sensory organ for hearing, has a protected immune environment, segregated from the systemic immune system by the blood-laby … o the same noise, we also found neutrophils. However, neutrophils were present primarily inside the microvessels of the cochlea, with only a few in the cochlear tissues. Collectively, our data implicate CX3CR1-mediated signaling in controlling neutrophil migration from the circulation into cochlear tissues and provide a better understanding of the impacts of n …

Identification of Circulating Diagnostic Biomarkers for Coronary Microvascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women Using Machine-Learning Techniques.

Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) is a common form of heart disease in postmenopausal women. It is not due to plaque formation but dysfunction of microvessels that feed the heart muscle. The majority of the patients do not receive a proper diagnosis, are discharged prematurely and must go back to the hospital with persistent symptoms. Because of the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, in the current study, we focused on identifying novel circulating biomarkers of CMV that could potentially be used for developing a diagnostic test. We hypothesized that plasma metabolite composition is different f…

Endoscopic features of isolated and traditional serrated adenoma-associated superficially serrated adenomas of the colorectum.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Superficially serrated adenoma (SuSA) is a recently proposed subtype of colorectal serrated lesions. It is characterized … ith hyperplastic polyps. On narrow-band imaging, vessel patterns were invisible or appeared as lacy microvessels in most lesions (80%). Chromoendoscopy invariably showed stellar or elongated/branched stellar pits, indicating a serrated microarchitecture. Most TSA-associated SuSAs typically presented as polyps with a two-tier raised appearance, consisting of wh …

Clinical applicability of gastroscopy with narrow-band imaging for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis, precancerous gastric lesion, and neoplasia.

Premalignant gastric lesions such as atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia frequently occur in subjects with long-term Helicobacter p … Using NBI endoscopy with magnification (M-NBI), atrophic gastritis is presented as irregular coiled microvessels and loss of gastric pits. Typical M-NBI endoscopic findings of GIM are a light blue crest and a white opaque substance. Based on the microvascular patterns, fine network, core vascular, and unclear patterns are useful for predicting gastric dysplasi …