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[Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals].

INTRODUCTION: The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies affect several species of higher animals apart from man. Amongst these, undoubte … of animals were reported to have been affected by an identical disease. These included farmed mink, deer, elks, cats and two species of exotic African ungulates (the nyala and the greater kudu). All cases were described in animals kept in captivity for human consumption. Thus it would seem that there was a common cause of the disease in all cases. CON …

Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in blood donors and park rangers in relation to local habitat.

Serum samples were obtained from blood donors in eleven selected locations in Ireland and tested for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. … t infection with B. burgdorferi s.l. in Ireland is mainly associated with mixed woodland containing deer and a variety of spirochaete reservoir hosts. The lack of association of tick-infested farmland with seropositive samples suggests that exposure to ticks alone is not a reliable indicator of risk of Lyme borreliosis. This is supported by the fact th …

Sex differences in the antinociceptive effects of the enkephalinase inhibitor, SCH 34826.

The effects of endogenous opioid peptides are limited by proteolytic enzymes such as endopeptidase 24.11 ("enkephalinase"), which cleaves the Gly-Phe bonds in Met- and Leu-enkephalin. SCH 34826 [(S)-N-[n-[1-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4- yl)methoxy]carbonyl]-2-phenylethyl]-L-phenyl-alanine-B-alanine] is a potent, highly specific, enkephalinase inhibitor that has marked analgesic effects in laboratory rodents. The present study compared the effects of SCH 34826 on nociception and restraint stress-induced opioid analgesia in reproductive adult male and female deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus. S…

[The Sertoli cell nucleolus in domestic and wild animals].

Sertoli cells produce special microenvironment for developing germ cells; therefore it is assumed that they play primary role in the onset and control of spermatogenesis. In this connection we extended our previous study on the ultrastructure of Sertoli cells in different domestic and wild animals with special regard to nucleolus. Sertoli cells of domestic and wild ruminants possess the typical vesicular nucleolus except for fallow deer, in this species no vesicular nucleolus occurs in Sertoli cells even during the rut. In roe.buck, another wild ruminant with seasonal spermatogenesis, cyclic c…

Lyme disease.

Although initially considered a localized epidemic form of arthritis. Lyme disease is now known to have protean manifestation (skin, joint, heart, nervous system) and worldwide distribution. It is caused by infection with the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted by a variety of hard ticks and, in some localities, fleas. Antigenic variation between isolates may determine the differences in clinical expression observed between cases in North America and Europe. The reservoir in the animal kingdom is primarily in deer and mice but house pets have also been implicated. The disease i…

[Experimental paratuberculosis: pathogenicity of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria strains to calves].

The pathogenicity for calves of two strains of wood-pigeon mycobacteria isolated in our laboratory, one strain isolated in the United Kingdom, one strain isolated from a Roe-deer in Denmark and three strains of M. paratuberculosis, were compared. Seven groups of four 3 to 4 week-old calves were infected by the intravenous route using 10(6) to 10(9) viable units. They were slaughtered one year after the exposure or earlier if their state required it. The macroscopic and microscopic lesions and cultures from the mesenteric lymph nodes, ileon and caecum were studied. At necropsy, the post-mortem …

The effect of water source and soil supplementation on parasite contamination in organic vegetable gardens.

The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with vegetable contamination with zoonotic protozoan. Samples of water, soil … irrigation water was the river; a greater chance of positive samples for Cryptosporidium spp. when deer were present on the property; and a smaller chance of positive samples for at least one of the three etiologic agents when soil was supplemented with limestone. The results expose some critical contamination points, providing support for training fa …

Исследование высокого уровня распространенности гепатита В в сельской местности штата Керала, Индия: гипотеза на передаче чризопов (Dyptera: Tabanidae).

ЦЕЛЬ: С 2005 года поступило несколько сообщений о вспышках гепатита В в штате Керала на юге Индии. Цель этого исследования заключалась в анализе таких вспышек и изучении гипотезы, касающейся режима передачи. МЕТОДЫ: Ретроспективное обследование случаев острого гепатита В, приобретенного в период с 1 января 2015 года по 31 декабря 2015 года, и членов их семей, проживающих в деревне Мазуванур в районе Эрнакулам штата Керала на юге Индии. Результаты: В обследование было включено 59 домов. Число пациентов, у которых диагностировали острый вирусный гепатит В, составило 59. Большинство населения (66

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: Since 2005 there have been several reports of hepatitis B outbreak in the state of Kerala in southern India. Objective of this st … 15 years. All 59 patients claimed to have been bitten frequently by a fly which was identified as "deer fly" belonging to the genus Chrysops. CONCLUSION: Given the current understanding of mechanical transmission of pathogens in both humans and animals by insects belonging to the Tabanidae family which also includes Chrysops, it is plausible that the …

West Nile virus associations in wild mammals: a synthesis.

Exposures to West Nile virus (WNV) have been documented in a variety of wild mammals in both the New and Old Worlds. This review tabulates a … ecting some mosquito species. Certain mammalian species, such as tree squirrels, mesopredators, and deer have been suggested as useful species for WNV surveillance. In this review article, the information pertaining to wild mammal associations with WNV is synthesized.

Ixodes (Ixodes) pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, 1985 (Acari: Ixodidae): description of the immature stages, distribution, hosts and medical/veterinary importance.

The immature stages of the Neotropical tick Ixodes (Ixodes) pararicinus Keirans & Clifford, 1985 are described from specimens in a laborator … lt ticks of this species have been found on introduced domestic artiodactyles, although Neotropical deer species must have been the ancestral host. Larvae and nymphs of I. pararicinus have also been found on sigmodontine rodents and passeriform birds. Although I. pararicinus is a member of the ricinus complex, which contains the main vectors of Borreli …

Lyme disease and babesiosis: preliminary findings on the transmission risk in highly frequented areas of the Monti Sibillini National Park (Central Italy).

The Monti Sibillini National Park is a recently borne protected area in the central Apennines that has become an important tourist destination. Mountain grasslands and woods have made it also a suitable habitat for sheep and bovine cattle, as well as for wild animals such as the wild bore and the roe deer. Therefore, a preliminary investigation was conducted to assess the risk of transmission of tick-borne zoonoses, such as Lyme disease and Babesiosis, by actively looking for both the arthropod vector and the causative agent. For two consecutive years, ambushing ticks were collected in four di…

Effect of timing of artificial insemination on sex ratio.

For a number of years, the time of insemination or mating during estrus has been believed to influence the sex ratio of offspring, with earl … ection of X- or Y-bearing sperm, based on the maturational state of the oocyte at fertilization. In deer and sheep, early and late insemination appears to skew the sex ratio toward females and males, respectively. In cattle, conflicting reports on the effect of time of insemination on sex ratio make the premise less clear. Many of the published studies …

The ventilatory and metabolic response to hypercapnia in newborn mammalian species.

Conscious newborns of 12 species from 4 mammalian orders, ranging in body mass (M) from 1 g (mouse) to 5 kg (deer), were studied during air and during 5% CO2 breathing. The interspecies relationship between oxygen consumption (VO2) and M was the same in air and hypercapnia, in both cases VO2 alpha M 0.90; on average, hypercapnic VO2 was 101% of the air value. In 5% CO2, ventilation (VE) increased in all newborns, mostly because of the increase in tidal volume (178%), whereas breathing rates averaged 98% of the air values. The hyperpnea during CO2 was slightly greater in the larger newborns. Bo…

Lyme disease.

Within the last decade, Lyme borreliosis has emerged as a complex new infection whose distribution is worldwide. The disorder is caused by a recently recognized spirochete, B. burgdorferi, transmitted by ticks of the I. ricinus complex. Certain species of mice are critical in the life cycle of the spirochete, and deer appear to be crucial to the tick. Although the disorder's basic outlines are similar everywhere, there are regional variations in the causative spirochete, animal hosts, and clinical manifestations of the illness. In the United States, Lyme disease commonly begins in summer with …

The surgical pathology of human Lyme disease. An enlarging picture.

Lyme disease is a multisystems infectious disorder caused by the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Infection occurs by ticks feeding on mammalian hosts, including humans. The distribution of the tick and spirochete is world-wide and is especially prevalent where there are large deer populations. The disease is seen in three stages. Stage I is a cutaneous rash (erythema chronicum migrans) consisting of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates around dermal vessels. Stage II is characterized by varying forms of meningopolyradiculitis, with or without Bell's palsy or cardiac involvement (complete or incompl…

Vectorial capacity of North American Ixodes ticks.

Ixodes dammini, the vector of Lyme disease and babesiosis, is distributed in various locations in the northeastern quadrant of the United St … e as recently as 1980. This increased abundance appears to be related to the increased abundance of deer, the preferred host of the adult stage. I. muris predominated in coastal Massachusetts before I. dammini became abundant, but is probably now extinct. I. scapularis, which is present in the southern U.S., is a poor vector of mouse parasites because …

Lyme borreliosis incidence in relation to mammalian abundance, climate, and landscape characteristics in a boreal area.

BACKGROUND: The circulation of tick-borne pathogens is influenced by the availability of ticks, the hosts of ticks and pathogens, and the en … icks (voles and squirrels), (ii) abundance of the key reproductive hosts for adult ticks (moose and deer), (iii) landscape characteristics, and (iv) climatic variables on the risk of LB. RESULTS: LB presence and incidence varied across the study area and exhibited a clear increasing trend. While host species showed temporal and regional variation in a …

Checklist of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Hungary with emphasis on host-associations and the emergence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus.

Hungary is situated in the southern part of Central Europe, next to the northern boundary of the Mediterranean region. This geographical position may allow the northward expansion of Mediterranean ixodid tick species into Hungary, particularly in the era of warming climate. During the past 14 years numerous surveys have been published on the species and activity of hard ticks occurring in the country. However, it was 60 years ago that the last comprehensive review of ixodid ticks of Hungary was published, and only in Hungarian language. The purpose of the present checklist is to provide a comp

Anaplasma ovis as the suspected cause of mortality in a neonatal elk calf.

Anaplasma ovis infection is known to occur in elk experimentally, but without clinical signs or significant clinicopathologic changes. An elk farm in southern Indiana experienced the death of 3 neonates. Gross findings suggested hemolytic anemia as the cause of death. Splenic impression smears revealed numerous intra-erythrocytic parasites compatible with Anaplasma spp. Products of a semi-nested PCR targeting the msp4 gene of A. ovis were sequenced and had 100% identity with published A. ovis sequences. Given the clinical presentation, vertical transmission of A. ovis was suspected. Pathologic

Landscape determinants of density of blacklegged ticks, vectors of Lyme disease, at the northern edge of their distribution in Canada.

In eastern North America, including Canada, Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and transmitted to humans by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. The last decade has seen a growing incidence of Lyme disease in Canada, following the northward range expansion of I. scapularis tick populations from endemic areas in eastern United States. This may be attributable to movement of the many hosts that they parasitize, including songbirds, deer and small mammals. In this study, we wanted to test the effect of spatial, temporal and ecological variables, on blacklegged tick d…