Результаты поиска

Inoperable Renal Malignant Glomus Tumor, the answers for all the "W's"?

Glomus tumor, arising from glomus bodies (specialized neurovascular structures involved in thermoregulation), commonly occurs in extremities and rarely in viscera. The spectrum of glomus tumors range from benign tumors to tumors with uncertain malignant potential to tumors of the malignant subtype. A vast majority of visceral glomus tumors are benign. Most common visceral tumors arise in the gastrointestinal tract. Glomus tumors of the kidney are a rare entity of which malignant glomus tumors are exceedingly rare. The index patients in the existing case reports were middle-aged males. We repor

Exosome-mediated repair of spinal cord injury: a promising therapeutic strategy.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) that can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction, which seriously affects patients' quality of life and imposes a major economic burden on society. The pathological process of SCI is divided into primary and secondary injury, and secondary injury is a cascade of amplified responses triggered by the primary injury. Due to the complexity of the pathological mechanisms of SCI, there is no clear and effective treatment strategy in clinical practice. Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles of endoplasmic origin w

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… In addition, pericytes derived from fibroblasts close the scar. In the chronic phase of SCI, the scar is stabilized, limiting inflammation and inhibiting axonal regeneration [ 2 ]. Astrocytes and pericytes are the main cells involved in scar formation after SCI. … Subsequently, scholars have shown that inhibiting fibrous scar formation caused by pericytes is beneficial for axonal regeneration [ 84 – 86 ]. …

Bench-to-bedside review: Angiopoietin signalling in critical illness - a future target?

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurs in response to major insults such as sepsis, severe haemorrhage, trauma, major surgery and pancreatitis. The mortality rate is high despite intensive supportive care. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying MODS are not entirely clear, although several have been proposed. Overwhelming inflammation, immunoparesis, occult oxygen debt and other mechanisms have been investigated, and - despite many unanswered questions - therapies targeting these mechanisms have been developed. Unfortunately, only a few interventions, usually those targeting mu

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Origin of ligands and distribution of receptors Ang-1 is produced by pericytes and smooth muscle cells (Figure 1 ). In the glomerulus, which lacks pericytes, Ang-1 is produced by podocytes [ 61 ]. … Armulik A Abramsson A Betsholtz C Endothelial/pericyte interactions Circ Res 2005 97 512 523 16166562 10.1161/01.RES.0000182903.16652.d7 64. …

Renal Cell Protection of Erythropoietin beyond Correcting The Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Currently many patients with chronic renal failure have profited from the use of erythropoietin to correct anemia (1,2). In chronic kidney disease, anemia is believed to be a surrogate index for tissue hypoxia that continues preexisting renal tissue injury (1-3). Erythropoietin is an essential glycoprotein that accelerates red blood cell maturation from erythroid progenitors and facilitates erythropoiesis. It is a 30.4 kD glycoprotein and class I cytokine containing 165 amino acids (3,4). Approximately 90% of systemic erythropoietin in adults is produced by peritubular interstitial fibroblasts

Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from different anatomical locations, common features can be found in the TME maturation of epithelial-derived tumors. Genetic alterations in tumor cells result in hyperplasia, uncontrolled growth, resistance to apoptosis, and metabolic shift towards anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). These events create hypoxia, oxidative stress and acidosis within the TME triggering an adjustment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), a response

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Secretion of neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM 1) and NG2 proteoglycan by attached pericytes induces further pericyte recruitment, contributing to vascular maturation. … The increased expression of VEGFA at the tumor location triggers the expression of ANGPT2 by endothelial cells, competing with ANGPT1 for TIE2 on endothelial cells, disrupting the pericyte–endothelial cell interaction, and consequent detachment of pericytes from the basement membrane of tumor blood vessels …

Emergence of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as an Indispensable Cellular Player in Bone Metastasis Process.

Bone metastasis is frequently complicated in patients with advanced solid cancers such as breast, prostate and lung cancers, and impairs patients' quality of life and prognosis. At the first step of bone metastasis, cancer cells adhere to the endothelium in bone marrow and survive in a dormant state by utilizing hematopoietic niches present therein. Once a dormant stage is disturbed, cancer cells grow through the interaction with various bone marrow resident cells, particularly osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Consequently, osteoclast activation is a hallmark of bone metastasis. As a consequence,

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Mesodermal layers generate several additional types of cells including endothelial cells, pericytes, adipocytes, and epithelial cells. Additionally, MSCs arise from mesoderm and are present in various adult tissues [ 9 ]. … Fibroblast-1s and fibroblast-2s cells expressed the progenitor markers CD34 and MSC markers such as Ly6a , Pdgfra , Th1 , and Cd44 , but not endothelial- or pericyte-specific markers such as Cdh1 and Acta2 . …

Множественный склероз: то, что мы узнали и можем узнать из электронной микроскопии.

Множественный склероз (MS) — воспалительное нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся возникновением демиелинированных повреждений в центральной нервной системе. Повреждения MS могут подвергаться воспоминанию, временно смягчая симптомы, но по мере развития болезни воспроизводство становится менее эффективным. Помимо повреждений, нормальные появляющиеся ткани мозга имеют тонкие изменения, потенциально указывающие на более широкую диффузную патологию и/или повышенную подверженность воздействию повреждений. Патология MS варьируется между повреждениями серых и белых веществ и их нормальны

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Pericytes partially surround the endothelium and are embedded in the basal lamina. The endothelial cells, pericytes and basal lamina are enclosed by astrocytic perivascular endfeet, which provide the cellular link to neurons. Microglia are also closely associated with the endothelium [ 149 ]. … LPS-treated mice exhibited increased brain endothelial cell transcytosis, remodelling of pericytes and activation of brain endothelial cells [ 157 ]. …

Воздействие метаболического синдрома на нейроинфламму и мозговой барьер.

Метаболический синдром, который включает диабет и ожирение. one из самых распространенных медицинских заболеваний. Она вызывает системное воспаление, приводящее к далеко идущим последствиям для тела, которое все еще обнаруживается. Neuropathology, вызванная метаболическим синдромом, часто является результатом повышения проницаемости кровеносного мозга (ББД). ББД, система, предназначенная для ограничения проникновения токсинов, иммунных клеток и патогенов в мозг, имеет жизненно важное значение для надлежащей нейронной функции. Местное и системное воспаление, вызванное ожирением или типом 2 Мели

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Pericytes are embedded within the endothelial BM and form direct connections with ECs. They are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and vascular stability, and in controlling the BBB ( Armulik et al., 2010 ; ElAli et al., 2014 ). … The hyperglycemia caused by T2DM leads to increased mitochondrial respiration in ECs, pericytes, and astrocytes. This promotes ROS production and oxidative stress. Enhanced ROS activate NF-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and STAT pathways ( Wang et al., 2012 ). …

Effects of exosomes from different origins on osteoclasts.

Abnormal osteoclast function is closely related to the development of osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis and tumor bone metastasis, which seriously affects patients' quality of life. The cellular microenvironment is complex and variable, and exosomes, as an important pathway mediating intercellular communication, can be secreted by a variety of cells in the human body, which carry "cargo" that can affect the biological function of recipient cells. Osteoclasts receive a variety of cellular exosomes to regulate and influence the body's bone homeostasis. In this narrative review, we summari

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… In the skeletal system, vascular factors secreted by pericytes and angiogenic factors secreted by bone cells co-regulate angiogenesis and bone formation. CaiM et al. demonstrated that conditional deletion of pericytes in vivo would promote bone resorption leading to bone loss. … Signaling role of pericytes in vascular health and tissue homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. 10.3390/ijms25126592. 58. Cai M, Peng H, Liu M, Huang M, Zheng W, Zhang G, et al. Vascular pericyte-derived exosomes inhibit bone resorption via Traf3. Int J Nanomedicine. 2023;18:7065–77. 59. …

Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome following CAR T-cell therapy: a review of recent advances.

BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment landscape for hematologic malignancies. However, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) remains a significant and potentially lethal complication, affecting approximately 27% to 65% of patients and challenging the therapeutic risk-benefit profile. MAIN BODY: This review synthesizes recent advances in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of ICANS. Incidence varies significantly by product design, with anti-CD19 therapies and CD28-containing constructs demonstr

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… While CD19-expressing pericytes within the BBB represent a plausible off-tumor target based on single-cell sequencing studies, the relative contribution of direct pericyte targeting versus cytokine-mediated injury remains debated and requires further investigation [ 9 ]. … Pericyte Dysfunction and Loss. …

The Glycocalyx and Its Role in Vascular Physiology and Vascular Related Diseases.

PurposeIn 2007 the two senior authors wrote a review on the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (Weinbaum in Annu Rev Biomed Eng 9:121-167, 2007). Since then there has been an explosion of interest in this hydrated gel-like structure that coats the luminal surface of endothelial cells that line our vasculature due to its important functions in (A) basic vascular physiology and (B) vascular related diseases. This review will highlight the major advances that have occurred since our 2007 paper.MethodsA literature search mainly focusing on the role of the glycocalyx in the

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Approximately 85% of these cleft exits are covered by pericytes (PC) which cover much of the surface of these venules. … There are seven endothelial cell (EC) clefts, C1–C7, with all of the cleft exits covered by neighboring pericytes (PCs). PCs are immediately underneath ECs. There are two fibroblasts (fib.) outside PCs. …

Endotheliopathy in CAR T-Cell Therapy: Mechanistic Insights into the VWF/ADAMTS13 Axis and the Angiopoietin-Tie2 Pathway.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the management of hematologic malignancies, yet its clinical success is tempered by severe immune-mediated toxicities, including cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), often accompanied by CAR T cell therapy-related coagulopathy (CARAC). Converging evidence identifies therapy-related endotheliopathy as a central pathophysiological link between cytokine excess, hemostatic dysregulation, capillary leak, and organ injury. Parallel efforts aim to identify circulating biomarke

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… activation and decrease tight junction expression, but recent single-cell sequencing has additionally unveiled a critical “on-target, off-tumor” mechanism targeting pericytes. 84 85 Human brain pericytes, which position themselves at endothelial tight junctions to maintain neurovascular integrity, express … In addition to direct pericyte injury, inflammatory mediators further compromise BBB integrity. …

Novel Cell Therapy Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Sheets for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Despite medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) being first reported in 2003, the optimal treatment and prevention modalities for MRONJ are not clear. As a result, dentistry, oral surgery, and departments involved in the treatment of cancer and bone diseases are struggling with the management of MRONJ. Several cases of MRONJ cannot be managed by conventional treatment strategies recommended in various position papers. Therefore, studies have been conducted to investigate the efficacy of novel therapies for MRONJ. However, the optimal treatment is unknown. Several cell therapies inc

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… (C) Therapeutic effect of MSC sheets on MRONJ could be attributed to the combined effects of angiogenesis promotion by paracrine effects such as vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor secretion and differentiation of MSCs into pericytes, bone metabolism promotion by osteoblast … Furthermore, some transplanted MSCs were positive for CD146, a marker for pericytes. …

Подстегнутая стрессом связь с нанотрубкой в глиальных клетках CNS: последствия провокационного демиэлирования и отказа в ремонте.

Множественные склерозы и связанные с ними воспалительные расстройства центральной нервной системы, включая расстройство спектра нейромиелита, расстройство спектра и болезнь миэлина олигодендроцита гликопротеина, связанные с антителами, характеризуются повреждениями имунной ткани, глиальной дисфункцией, метаболическим стрессом и неполным ремонтом. Хотя периферическая иммунная инфильтрация и антителные механизмы объясняют многие аспекты образования острых повреждений, они не в полной мере учитывают стойкую активность повреждения, метаболическую нестабильность или отказ от ремиэлирования в местно

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… (“tunneling nanotube” OR “tunneling nanotube”) AND (“blood-brain barrier” OR “neurovascular unit” OR “endothelial cell” OR “pericyte”). … Evidence involving astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, neurons, endothelial cells, pericytes, or blood-brain barrier-associated cells was considered more relevant than evidence from unrelated peripheral or tumor systems. …

Вирусы и "Мозг-отношение к беде".

Неврологические расстройства, некоторые из которых связаны с вирусными инфекциями, растут из-за старения и увеличения численности населения. Несмотря на крепкую защиту центральной нервной системы, некоторые вирусы эволюционировали, чтобы пробить их, что часто приводит к ужасным последствиям. В этом обзоре мы рассказываем о различных способах проникновения различных вирусов в ЦНС и о последствиях таких вторжений. Последствия могут проявляться в виде острых заболеваний, таких, как энцефалит, менингит, или приводить к долгосрочным последствиям, таким, как нервно - мышечная дисфункция, как это име

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Flavivirus Non-neuronal CNS cells that can be infected JEV astrocytes [ 82 ], microglia, BMECs [ 240 ], pericytes [ 241 ], neural progenitor stem cells [ 81 ] WNV astrocytes [ 242 ], oligodendrocytes [ 243 ], BMECs [ 244 ], pericytes [ 245 ] TBEV astrocytes, oligodendrocytes [ 205 ], microglia … [ 246 ], BMECs, pericytes [ 247 ] ZIKV astrocytes, oligodendrocytes [ 248 ], microglia, BMECs [ 249 ], pericytes [ 190 ], neural progenitor cells [ 250 ], glial progenitor cells [ 251 ] Non-neuronal cells infected by flaviviruses in the human CNS. …

The Role of Thalidomide and Its Analogs in the Treatment of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Systematic Review.

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a disease characterized by arteriovenous malformations and telangiectases, in which the endothelium and immune system play a role in the pathophysiology. Therefore, treatments with antiangiogenic properties which are also regarded as immunomodulators were demonstrated to play an important role in treatment. This systematic review aimed to gather the accumulated information of the use of thalidomide and its analogs in the treatment of HHT. Methods: In this systematic review, publications that were published up to March 2024 and met the

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Additionally, it increased the number of pericytes and their recruitment to blood vessels, enhancing the opposition between the inner endothelial and supportive pericyte layers and resulting in vessel stabilization. … Pericytes as targets in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Front. Genet. 2015;6:37. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00037. 15. Page M.J., McKenzie J.E., Bossuyt P.M., Boutron I., Hoffmann T.C., Mulrow C.D., Shamseer L., Tetzlaff J.M., Akl E.A., Brennan S.E., et al. …

Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.

Inflammation is a core pathological factor regulating tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance, and elucidating its molecular crosstalk with tumors is crucial for developing effective clinical therapies. Internal drivers of inflammation-tumor transformation include genomic disorder, epigenetic memory, mitochondrial stress, and metabolic reprogramming, which synergistically initiate carcinogenesis. External factors amplifying tumor progression cover immune dysfunction, stromal fibrosis, microbial dysbiosis, vascular neoplasia, and neurotoxicity, collectively accelerating tumor

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Pericytes, as key components of the vascular niche, also amplify pathological effects through dysfunction: loss of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in pericytes disrupts endothelial cell‐pericyte communication, perturbing the phenotypes of CAFs and TAMs via paracrine signals. … Conversely, exogenous supplementation of CXCL10 can compensate for drug delivery defects in tumors with low pericyte coverage [ 193 ]. …

Blood Coagulation and Beyond: Position Paper from the Fourth Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis.

The Fourth Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis included the following themes. Theme 1: The "coagulome" as a critical driver of cardiovascular disease. Blood coagulation proteins also play divergent roles in biology and pathophysiology, related to specific organs, including brain, heart, bone marrow, and kidney. Four investigators shared their views on these organ-specific topics. Theme 2: Novel mechanisms of thrombosis. Mechanisms linking factor XII to fibrin, including their structural and physical properties, contribute to thrombosis, which is also affected by variation in microbio

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Pericytes are essential functional components of the microvasculature stabilizing the capillaries through multiple reciprocal interactions. … As a consequence, activated ECs lose their cell–cell contacts, dissociate from the pericytes, and engage in an angiogenic response, all processes that can promote microvascular rarefaction. …

Targeting Non-coding RNA for Glioblastoma Therapy: The Challenge of Overcomes the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of all primary brain tumors, and it is responsible for around 200,000 deaths each year worldwide. The standard therapy for GBM treatment includes surgical resection followed by temozolomide-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. With this treatment, the median survival rate of GBM patients is only 15 months after its initial diagnosis. Therefore, novel and better treatment modalities for GBM treatment are urgently needed. Mounting evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have critical roles as regulators of gene expression. Long non-coding

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Likewise, pericytes are key regulators of vascular function throughout the body as they communicate with astrocytes and support BBB maintenance in the postnatal brain. … Pericytes regulate the blood-brain barrier. Nature. (2010) 468:557–61. 10.1038/nature09522 159. Elali A, Thériault P, Rivest S. The role of pericytes in neurovascular unit remodeling in brain disorders. Int J Mol Sci. (2014) 15:6453–74. 10.3390/ijms15046453 160. …

Потеря NOR1 связана с воспалением и биологическим старением в коре склероза.

Кортикальное нейродегенерирование и глиальная активация являются основными движущими силами развития инвалидности при множественном склерозе, однако молекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе этих процессов, по-прежнему плохо определены. Членами семейства ядерных рецепторов NR4A являются реагирующие на стресс факторы транскрипции, которые регулируют нейронное выживание, воспалительную сигнализацию и клеточную адаптацию к метаболическому и окислительному стрессу. В частности, сиротский рецептор нейронного происхождения 1 (NR4A3) был замешан в нейрозащитных и реадаптивных реакциях на стресс в друг