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Bispecific Antibodies in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review.

Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies. By directing T cells towards specific tumor antigens, BiTEs and BiAbs facilitate the T-cell-mediated lysis of neoplastic cells. The success of blinatumomab, a CD19xCD3 BiTE, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia spearheaded the expansive development of BiTEs/BiAbs in the context of hematological neoplasms. Nearly a decade later, numerous BiTEs/BiAbs targeting a range of tumor-associated antigens have transpired in the treatment of multiple myeloma, non-Hodgk

Гетерогенность регулируемых клеток В в аутоиммунных заболеваниях: последствия для иммунного равновесия и терапевтических стратегий.

Регулирующие клетки В (Bregs) играют ключевую роль в поддержании иммунной терпимости и профилактике аутоиммунных заболеваний. Однако в условиях аутоиммунной среды количество и функции брега часто ухудшаются, что ведет к провоспалительной микроокружающей среде и регулированию иммунной дизакции. В рамках этого обзора проводится углубленный анализ последствий различных аутоиммунных заболеваний, включая множественный склероз, ревматоидный артрит, системный волчанье эритематосус, болезнь Шёгрена, аутоиммунный диабет и другие аутоиммунные заболевания. Резюмируя изменения в фенотипе Брегса и его функ

Porphyromonas gingivalis поощряет передачу Т-клеток через канал сигнала NF-_B/CXCR3 в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим аутоиммунным заболеванием центральной нервной системы (CNS); его моделью является экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE). Периодонтит с участием Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) был связан с MS и продемонстрировал, что он усугубляет EAE, однако механизмы остаются неясными. МЕТОДЫ: Мыши были случайны four группы (n = 8): контроль, только периодонтит, только EAE и EAE с периодонитом. Ежедневно проводилась оценка неврологического дефицита. Спинальный CD4+ и CD4+CXCR3+ T-фильтрация и активация NF-_B были оценены иммунофлюоресценц

Immune reprogramming in the bone marrow microenvironment: a new perspective on the bone immune microenvironment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Research on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), a common bone metabolic disease, has traditionally focused on bone loss and imbalance in bone remodeling. However, with the development of bone immunology, the complex interactions between immune cells and bone cells in the bone marrow microenvironment have gradually been revealed, and "immune reprogramming" is considered a key factor driving the persistent bone loss in PMOP. Current evidence indicates that the postmenopausal bone marrow microenvironment undergoes significant structural and functional changes. These changes are characterized by a

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… Secondly, the activation of T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and CD8 + T cells also participates in bone immune regulation and the process of inflammatory aging. Tfh cells mainly support the maturation of B cells and antibody production. …

Novel therapeutic strategies targeting resistance mechanisms in hematologic malignancies: from BCL2 inhibition to immunomodulatory approaches.

BACKGROUND: Hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM), are characterized by high relapse rates due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Resistance mechanisms often involve dysregulation of apoptosis pathways, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family overexpression, and immune evasion through microenvironment modulation. PURPOSE: This review synthesizes recent advances (2020-2025) in therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms, focusing on BCL2 inhibition and immunomodul

Circulating Exosomes Derived-miR-146a from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Regulates Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

The senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Exosomes, small spherical bilayer proteolipid vesicles, contribute to the communication between various cells and their microenvironment by transferring information via their cargo, including the proteins, lipids, and RNAs. While exosomal miRNAs participate in various biological activities, correlations of circulating exosomes with senescent signs of BM-MSCs remain unclear. In our study, we aimed at exploring the roles of circulating exosomal miRNAs in

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of iguratimod in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of iguratimod (IGU) in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis. METHODS: Initially, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on using IGU in treating inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis were systematically gathered from various databases up to February 2024. Subsequently, two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias in included studies, and conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: Fifty-four RCTs involving three inflammatory arthritis were

Natural Compounds with Potential to Modulate Cancer Therapies and Self-Reactive Immune Cells.

Cancer-related deaths are approaching 10 million each year. Survival statistics for some cancers, such as ovarian cancer, have remained unchanged for decades, with women diagnosed at stage III or IV having over 80% chance of a lethal cancer recurrence after standard first-line treatment (reductive surgery and chemotherapy). New treatments and adjunct therapies are needed. In ovarian cancer, as in other cancers, the immune response, particularly cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells are correlated with a decreased risk of recurrence. As well as completely new antigen targets resulting from DNA mutations (ne

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… In studies where model antigens have been administered in animal models, it has been reported that curcumin supplementation increased T follicular helper cells and germinal centre B cells as well as subsequent IgG production [ 129 ]. …

Причинно-следственная связь метформинового лечения с различными имунизированными подстрекательскими заболеваниями: менделийский анализ случайности.

Метформин, как было установлено, обладает иммуномодилизующим и антивоспалительным воздействием в различных исследованиях животных и клинических исследованиях. Считается, что он является эффективным средством лечения некоторых иммунизированных подстрекательских заболеваний (ИМИД). Вместе с тем продолжается обсуждение вопроса о том, в какой степени метформин может снизить риск разработки ИМНИ. Мы использовали данные, полученные в результате исследований, посвященных общегеномной ассоциации, для изучения причинно-следственной связи между метформином и некоторыми IMID с помощью менделианского анал

Immune therapy: a new therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

Although complete remission could be achieved in about 60%-70% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients after conventional chemotherapy, relapse and the state of being refractory to treatment remain the main cause of death. In addition, there is a great need for less intensive regimens for all medically frail patients (both due to age/comorbidity and treatment-related). Immune therapy anticipates improved prognosis and reduced toxicities, which may offer novel therapeutic rationales. However, one of the major difficulties in developing immune therapies against AML is that the target antigens a

Sjögren Disease-B Cells at the Brink: From Autoimmunity to Lymphomagenesis and the Rise of Novel B Cell-Targeted Therapies.

Sjögren disease (SjD) is a common systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the exocrine glands, resulting in dryness. Patients frequently exhibit extraglandular manifestations affecting various organ systems. To date, there are no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved disease-modifying therapies for SjD. In this review, we explore the expanding field of SjD endotyping as a tool to enhance patient stratification, prognostication, and clinical decision-making. SjD endotypes driven by heightened B cell activity are linked to increased lymphoma risk. B cells play a ce

Реституция CXCR3+CCR6+T17.1-Like Клетки в ответ на офатумумабскую терапию у пациентов с множественным склерозом.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ И ЦЕЛИ: Офатумумаб, полностью человек anti-CD20 Моноклональная антитела эффективна в сокращении рецидивов и развития инвалидности у пациентов с множественным склерозом. Цель этого исследования состояла в изучении изменений иммунных характеристик, связанных с атумумабами, у будущей группы китайских пациентов с повторно излучающимся множественным склерозом (RRMS). МЕТОДЫ: Seventeen Пациенты РУМС были зачислены в это неконтролируемое, перспективное когортное исследование наблюдений (ОМНИСКЕННОЕ исследование) и получали регулярное подкожное лечение от атумумаба. Подмножества

Преодоление препятствий: развитие клеточной терапии в области аутоиммунной борьбы с заболеваниями.

Аутоиммунные заболевания возникают в результате дисрегламента в иммунной системе, что приводит к агрессивному нападению на ткани самого организма. Патогенез этих условий является многофакторным, охватывающим сложные взаимосвязи между генетическими предрасположениями, экологическими детерминантами и гормональными колебаниями. Диапазон аутоиммунных заболеваний является широким и оказывает воздействие на множество систем органов, при этом можно привести такие примечательные примеры, как ревматуидный артрит (RA), системный волчан (SLE), множественный склероз (MS), псориаз и витилиго. Несмотря на з

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… CAR NK cell therapy for T follicular helper cells . Cell Rep Med . ( 2020 ) 1 : 100009 . doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100009 33205057 PMC7659502 114 Marin D Li Y Basar R Rafei H Daher M Dou J . …

Molecular events in the jaw vascular unit: A traditional review of the mechanisms involved in inflammatory jaw bone diseases.

Inflammatory jaw bone diseases are common in stomatology, including periodontitis, peri-implantitis, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw, age-related osteoporosis, and other specific infections. These diseases may lead to tooth loss and maxillofacial deformities, severely affecting patients' quality of life. Over the years, the reconstruction of jaw bone deficiency caused by inflammatory diseases has emerged as a medical and socioeconomic challenge. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with jaw bones is crucial fo

Myeloid Cell-Derived Arginase in Cancer Immune Response.

Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient concentrations of essential amino acids restrict T-cells activation and proliferation. However, only arginases, that degrade L-arginine, as well as enzymes that hydrolyze L-tryptophan are substantially increased in cancer. Two arginase isoforms, ARG1 and ARG2, have been found to be present in tumors and their increased activity usually correlates with more advanced disease and worse clinical prognosis. Nearly all types of myeloid

Cell therapies in the clinic.

Cell therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality with the potential to treat and even cure a diverse array of diseases. Cell therapies offer unique clinical and therapeutic advantages over conventional small molecules and the growing number of biologics. Particularly, living cells can simultaneously and dynamically perform complex biological functions in ways that conventional drugs cannot; cell therapies have expanded the spectrum of available therapeutic options to include key cellular functions and processes. As such, cell therapies are currently one of the most investigated

Recent advances in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease presenting highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations and multi-systemic involvement. Patients are susceptible to relapse- and remission, thus making management challenging. Moreover, a considerable number of side effects may occur with conventional therapies; therefore, there is clearly a need for new therapeutic strategies. Since the pathogenesis of SLE is highly complex, it is far from being fully understood. However, greater understanding of the pathways and of the cellular and molecular mediators involved in SLE is being

New Insights and Future Perspectives of APRIL in IgA Nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by immune-mediated glomerulonephritis, with the accumulation of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the glomeruli and increased levels of circulating Gd-IgA1 and Gd-IgA1-containing immune complexes. An incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and differences in clinical and pathological features between individuals and ethnicities has contributed to the lack of established treatments for IgAN. A tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member, a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), is a crucial cytokine essential for the generation and surviva

MicroRNAs in B-cells: from normal differentiation to treatment of malignancies.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important post-transcriptional regulatory roles in a wide range of biological processes. They are fundamental to the normal development of cells, and evidence suggests that the deregulation of specific miRNAs is involved in malignant transformation due to their function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. We know that miRNAs are involved in the development of normal B-cells and that different B-cell subsets express specific miRNA profiles according to their degree of differentiation. B-cell-derived malignancies contain transcription signatu

Porokeratoses-A Comprehensive Review on the Genetics and Metabolomics, Imaging Methods and Management of Common Clinical Variants.

Porokeratosis is a heterogeneous group of keratinising disorders characterised by the presence of particular microscopic structural changes, namely the presence of the cornoid lamella. This structure develops as a consequence of a defective isoprenoid pathway, critical for cholesterol synthesis. Commonly recognised variants include disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, disseminated superficial porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, palmoplantar porokeratosis (including porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata and punctate porokeratosis), linear porokeratosis, verrucous porok