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Extreme Peripheral Blood Plasmacytosis Mimicking Plasma Cell Leukemia as a Presenting Feature of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL).

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is one of four major subtypes of nodal peripheral T cell lymphoma, characterized by its cell of origin, the follicular helper T-cell (TFH). Patients typically present with prominent constitutional (B) symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, and rash. Here we present a case of a 62-year-old male with progressive cervical adenopathy, fevers and weight loss presenting with extreme polyclonal plasmacytosis and high plasma EBV viral load. While the initial presentation appeared to mimic plasma cell leukemia or severe infection

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… These two cell types are present among a population of other small reactive lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells, with high endothelial venules ( 13 ). The B-cells are often EBV+ (EBER+), while the associated T cells and plasma cells are typically not ( 14 ). …

What the Intensivist Needs to Know About Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation?

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

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… This leads to progressive venular occlusion followed by deposition of collagen in the sinusoids, sclerosis of venular walls, fibrosis of venular lumens, and occlusion of terminal hepatic venules and intercalated veins [ 22 , 34 , 61 – 65 , 71 ]. … Immunohistochemical identification of the material within occluded central venules. Am J Pathol. 1987;127:549–558. 65. Shulman HM, Fisher LB, Schoch HG, Henne KW, McDonald GB. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after marrow transplantation: histological correlates of clinical signs and symptoms. …

sMAdCAM-1 is decreased after allo-HCT, along with gut microbiota dysbiosis, and is associated with hematopoietic recovery.

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The B-cell-autoantibody axis in lung cancer immunity.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and while immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has transformed treatment, resistance remains a critical challenge. Beyond the T-cell-centric view, tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) have emerged as pivotal prognostic determinants; however, the mechanistic interplay within the B-cell-autoantibody axis remains underexplored. Unlike previous reviews that primarily catalogue B-cell abundance, this synthesis integrates emerging evidence from single-cell RNA sequencing

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… They are composed of aggregated B cell follicles (often containing germinal centers), T cell zones rich in T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), a supportive stromal network including fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), and characteristic high endothelial venules ( … TLSs: tertiary lymphoid structures; DCs: dendritic cells; GC: Germinal center; Tregs: regulatory T cells; HEVs: high endothelial venules; FDCs: follicular dendritic cells; Tfh cells: follicular helper T cells; PCs: plasma cells; Abs: antibodies; Bregs: regulatory B cells; NK cells: Natural killer cells …

Mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis.

A State-of-the-Art lecture titled "Mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2022. Patients with cancer have a 4-fold to 9-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with the general population, so-called cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). Different rates of VTE are observed in different types of cancer, suggesting that there are cancer-type specific mechanisms of CAT. We will discuss 4 pathways of CAT: tissue factor, podoplanin, neutrophil extracellular traps, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In addition, specific gene mutations

Ценность использования количественного MRI на основе синтетического поглощения и вероятного коэффициента диффузии для мониторинга деятельности с множественным склерозом.

Множественный склероз (MS) one из наиболее распространенных заболеваний центральной нервной системы, затрагивающих молодых людей. Магнитный резонансный снимок (MRI) является важным инструментом диагностики и отслеживания множественных склерозов. За прошедшие годы были разработаны многие методы МРТ для повышения чувствительности обнаружения заболеваний MS. В последние годы синтетическая МРТ (ММОИ) и количественная МРТ (qMRI) набирают силу при применении нейроимации, предоставляя более подробную информацию, чем традиционные методы приобретения. Эти методы позволяют обнаруживать микроструктурные

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… Following the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and immune cell infiltration in early active lesions, inflammatory activity blooms from venules, leading to progressive demyelination and axonal loss with a centrifugal spread. …

A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious disease characterized by non-specific laboratory changes and clinical signs. Clinical symptoms include anorexia, jaundice, fever, and weight loss. Moreover, some lesions are found in the digestive and respiratory systems. FIP, whose virulence varies, cannot be distinguished using several diagnostic methods. Moreover, feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) can be classified into two serotypes based on differences in their amino acid sequences, spike (S) protein sequences, and antibody (Ab) neutralization. There are two pathotypes, namely those caused b

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… Small granulomas form around the arteries and venules of the CNS in this type, affecting the CNS. The virus induces a cellular inflammatory response around CNS arteries and venules, leading to the formation of tiny granulomas. …

Secondary Immunodeficiency in Hematological Malignancies: Focus on Multiple Myeloma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Secondary immunodeficiency is reported in most patients with hematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. The aim of our review was to evaluate the existing literature data on patients with hematological malignancies, with regard to the effect of immunodeficiency on the outcome, the clinical and therapeutic approach, and on the onset of noninfectious complications, including thrombosis, pleural effusion, and orofacial complications. Immunodeficiency in these patients has an intense impact on their risk of infection, in turn increasing morbidity and mort

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… A different pathogenetic mechanism is probably the cause of the onset of the hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), an obliterative venulitis of the terminal hepatic venules, which is accompanied by an elevated risk of death. … An essential pathogenic mechanism is toxic damage of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, with alteration and obstruction of terminal hepatic venules. …

TAFRO syndrome: current perspectives.

Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), a distinct subtype of Castleman's disease, is a rare, nonneoplastic, lymphoproliferative disorder. Patients with MCD present with systemic symptoms and multiple lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of various histological MCD patterns including hyaline vascular, plasma cell, and mixed types. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection was identified as an important etiology of MCD among immunocompromised patients such as those positive for human immunodeficiency virus. Although HHV8-negative MCD was reported in immunocompetent patie

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… The characteristic lymph node findings in TAFRO-iMCD included atrophic germinal centers with enlarged endothelial cell nuclei, proliferation of endothelial venules with an enlarged nucleus in the interfollicular zone, and a small number of mature PCs. …

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: current evidence and future perspectives.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor. Traditional therapeutic approaches have limited efficacy in locally advanced HNSCC patients, and neoadjuvant immunotherapy has emerged as a new hope. However, the current outcomes of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for HNSCC are not yet optimal and urgently need improvement. This article comprehensively reviews the clinical research progress of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the field of HNSCC treatment. By integrating perspectives from the regulatory mechanisms of the immune microenvironment, we propose future resea

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… Additionally, Treg depletion may promote the formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs), vascular structures that facilitate lymphocyte recruitment and infiltration, thereby further enhancing immune responses [ 145 ]. … Dual VEGF/PD-1 blockade induces high endothelial venule (HEV) formation, amplifying intratumoral lymphocyte homing/cytotoxicity. …

Multiple Myeloma Presenting as Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematologic neoplasm that primarily affects the bone marrow and can invade other organs, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. Presentation with gastrointestinal bleeding as the initial symptom is exceptionally rare. We report a case of MM in a 46-year-old man who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and severe anemia. Routine endoscopic evaluation was inconclusive, but further hematologic and imaging investigations confirmed multiple myeloma. The patient was successfully treated with bortezomib-based chemotherapy and supportive care. This case em

Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS) in Multiple Myeloma with Renal Failure.

SOS is a rare complication of stem cell transplantation and has significant morbidity and mortality. We present three cases of SOS and highlight underlying risk factors for its development, such as impaired clearance of alkylating agents (especially melphalan) in patients with renal failure and prolonged infection. Although, melphalan and cyclophosphamide cause SOS less commonly than alkylating agents such as busulfan, physicians must use caution when administering these drugs to patients with underlying comorbidities such as renal failure that may increase the likelihood of development of SOS

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… This is strongly influenced by factors that induce the release of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) leading to coagulation with obstruction of hepatic sinusoids and venules [ 15 ] ( Figure 2 ). Figure 2 Schematic representation of the hepatic lobule and acinus. …

Усовершенствованные методы МРТ: диагностика и последующая деятельность в связи с множественным склерозом

Снимки мозга и спинного мозга играют ключевую роль в оказании помощи врачам в диагностике и мониторинге множественных склерозов. Тем не менее значение магнитного резонансного изображения в MS выходит за рамки его клинической полезности. Усовершенствованные методы визуализации способствовали обнаружению в vivo различных компонентов MS патогенеза, и в последние годы для оценки реакции пациентов с повторной эмиссией MS на имеющиеся методы лечения использовались биомаркеры MRI. Аналогичным образом, показатели МРТ, характеризующие нейродегенерацию, демонстрируют потенциал в качестве первичных и вто

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… From a histopathological point of view, WM lesions in MS are characterized by inflammatory infiltrates that develop around venules [ 61 ]. These infiltrates, commonly referred to as perivascular cuffs, primarily consist of mononuclear cells. … This hypointensity corresponds to the presence of the small vein or venule around which the lesion formed [ 62 ]. The CVS has garnered attention as a potential radiological biomarker, observed with a high frequency in MS lesions. …

Кровеносный барьер проницаемость в зависимости от степени заболевания и времени многократного склерозового диагноза в оптическом неврите.

Динамическая магнитная резонансная визуализация, усиливающаяся контрастом, является перспективным биомаркером, позволяющим в vivo количественно определить проницаемость кровеносного барьера. ЦЕЛИ: Изучение взаимосвязи между проницаемостью мозга и кровеносным барьером, остротой оптического неврита и множественным преобразованием склероза в оптический неюрит. МЕТОДЫ: Модели Gjedde-Patlak, полученные с помощью динамических контрастно усиленных магнитных резонансных изображений, использовались для оценки проницаемости кровеносного барьера (Ki) в 78 Пациенты оптического неврита. :: 2017 Критерии Mc

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… Although Qalb is considered a biomarker of BBB permeability, we and others have found Qalb and DCE-MRI-based measures of BBB permeability to be dissociated. 4 , 5 , 28 K i is believed to reflect BBB changes in capillaries or postcapillary venules, however, during subtle, non-disruptive BBB perturbances …

Challenge of cancer in the elderly.

Despite the sustained trend of decreasing overall cancer incidence, the number of elderly patients with cancer will considerably increase in the coming years, as the incidence of cancer is elevated 11-fold after the age of 65 years compared to adults up to 65 years. This soon-to-erupt tsunami of elderly patients with cancer requires adequate treatment, for which guidelines and evidence-based data are still scarce, given the longlasting under-representation of elderly patients with cancer in cancer trials. Older adults present not only with the physiological decreases of organ functions related

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… A potential surrogate marker for assessing microvascular ageing could consist in evaluating loss of integrity of retinal vessels, as narrower arterioles are seen in persons with increased stroke risk, and wider venules in persons with increased risk for dementia. 38 The biomarkers used for calculation …

Pericytes as targets in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Defective paracrine Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling between endothelial cells and the neighboring mural cells have been thought to lead to the development of vascular lesions that are characteristic of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of TGF-β signaling in mural cell recruitment and vessel stabilization and how perturbed TGF-β signaling might contribute to defective endothelial-mural cell interaction affecting vessel functionalities. Our recent findings have provided exciting insights into the role of thalid

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… Pericytes are embedded within the vascular BM of terminal arterioles, capillaries and post-capillary venules, although they might be found in large vessels as well (Díaz-Flores et al., 2009 ). … Capillary and arteriolar pericytes attract innate leukocytes exiting through venules and ‘instruct’ them with pattern-recognition and motility programs . Nat. Immunol . 14 , 41 – 51 . 10.1038/ni.2477 23179077 Suchting S. Freitas C. le Noble F. Benedito R. Bréant C. Duarte A. . ( 2007 ). …

Bench-to-bedside review: Angiopoietin signalling in critical illness - a future target?

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurs in response to major insults such as sepsis, severe haemorrhage, trauma, major surgery and pancreatitis. The mortality rate is high despite intensive supportive care. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying MODS are not entirely clear, although several have been proposed. Overwhelming inflammation, immunoparesis, occult oxygen debt and other mechanisms have been investigated, and - despite many unanswered questions - therapies targeting these mechanisms have been developed. Unfortunately, only a few interventions, usually those targeting mu

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… In contrast, through effects on intracellular signalling, the cytoskeleton and junction-related molecules, Ang-1 reduces leakage from inflamed venules by restricting the number and size of gaps that form at endothelial cell junctions [ 80 , 118 , 119 ]. … Baffert F Le T Thurston G McDonald DM Angiopoietin-1 decreases plasma leakage by reducing number and size of endothelial gaps in venules Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006 290 H107 H118 16126815 10.1152/ajpheart.00542.2005 119. …

Mixed cryoglobulinemia.

Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), type II and type III, refers to the presence of circulating cryoprecipitable immune complexes in the serum and manifests clinically by a classical triad of purpura, weakness and arthralgias. It is considered to be a rare disorder, but its true prevalence remains unknown. The disease is more common in Southern Europe than in Northern Europe or Northern America. The prevalence of 'essential' MC is reported as approximately 1:100,000 (with a female-to-male ratio 3:1), but this term is now used to refer to a minority of MC patients only. MC is characterized by variable

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… Widespread vasculitis involving medium-small sized arteries, capillaries and venules with multiple organ involvement may develop in a small proportion of patients [ 3 , 6 , 10 , 24 , 25 , 40 ]. … Circulating mixed cryoglobulins, low C4, and orthostatic skin purpura are the hallmarks of the disease; moreover, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, involving medium- and, more often, small-sized blood vessels (arterioles, capillaries, and venules) is the typical pathological finding of involved tissues. …

Оценка изменений в геморрологических переменных у пациентов с множественным склерозом.

Множественный склероз (MS) — нейродегенеративное состояние, обусловленное главным образом дисрегуляцией иммунной системы. Однако появляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что дополнительные факторы, такие, как нейродегенерация, независимо от иммунных процессов, могут также способствовать патологии MS. С учетом значительного числа случаев гипоперизолирования головного мозга, наблюдавшихся у пациентов с церебральным кровотечением от раннего до продвинутого этапа заболевания, исследование гемореологии или револогии крови, которое включает изучение свойств кровотока крови и плазменных белковых со

Lymph node metastasis in cancer progression: molecular mechanisms, clinical significance and therapeutic interventions.

Lymph nodes (LNs) are important hubs for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites through a series of mechanisms, and it has been proved that lymph node metastasis (LNM) is an essential prognostic indicator in many different types of cancer. Therefore, it is important for oncologists to understand the mechanisms of tumor cells to metastasize to LNs, as well as how LNM affects the prognosis and therapy of patients with cancer in order to provide patients with accurate disease assessment and effective treatment strategies. In recent years

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… LEC lymphatic endothelial cell, FRC fibroblastic reticular cell Lymphocytes circulating in the blood enter LNs through specialized cuboid blood vessels known as high endothelial venules (HEVs), which exhibit a large surface area and consist of specialized blood endothelial cells (BECs). 10 These HEVs … are found in the extrafollicular cortical zone and extend into the peripheral paracortex before transitioning into standard venules upon entry into the medullary cords. 6 HEV endothelial cells express a range of adhesion molecules that improve the rates of lymphocyte capture and entry into the associated …