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Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biological Significance

Dietary polyphenols represent a wide variety of compounds that occur in fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate and other cocoa products. They are mostly derivatives and/or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins and phenolic acids, and possess diverse biological properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, anti-aging, anticarcinogen, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, cardiovascular protection, improvement of the endothelial function, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation activity. Most of these biological actions have bee

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… They are subdivided into groups ( Figure 1 ) by the number of phenolic rings and of the structural elements that link these rings [ 11 ]: (1) The phenolic acids with the subclasses derived from hydroxybenzoic acids such as gallic acid and from hydroxycinnamic acid, containing caffeic, ferulic, and coumaric … Both isoflavones and phenolic acids like caffeic acid and gallic acid are the most well absorbed polyphenols, followed by catechins, flavanones, and quercetin glucosides, but with different kinetics. …

Natural products targeting ferroptosis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and applications.

Ferroptosis is a novel class of programmed cell death that is mainly dependent on intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is closely related to a variety of human diseases, especially different kinds of cancer. Several small molecule inducers have been developed to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells, some of which have been used in clinical studies. However, these chemical small molecules have toxic effects that limit its wide application. Natural products, however, have a natural advantage in cancer therapy due to their low toxicity and side effects. Some natural pr

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… acid | hepatocellular carcinoma | via inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway | ( 133 ) Honokiol | ovarian cancer, colon cancer, Acute Myeloid Leukemia | through the regulation of YAP by OTUB2, by regulating GPX4 activity, by Upregulating HMOX1 | ( 134 – 136 ) Resveratrol | acute myeloid leukemia … Gallic acid promotes ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway . Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol . ( 2024 ) 397 : 2437–45 . doi: 10.1007/s00210-023-02770-5 , PMID: 37847411 134 Liu F Zhang Y Xia X Han J Cao L . …

Exosomes to exosome-functionalized scaffolds: a novel approach to stimulate bone regeneration.

Bone regeneration is a complex biological process that relies on the orchestrated interplay of various cellular and molecular events. Bone tissue engineering is currently the most promising method for treating bone regeneration. However, the immunogenicity, stable and cell quantity of seed cells limited their application. Recently, exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by cells, have been found to effectively address these problems and better induce bone regeneration. Meanwhile, a growing line of research has shown the cargos of exosomes may provide effective therapeutic an

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… Meanwhile, Yue Kang and colleagues designed and synthesized a novel exosomes functionalized scaffold, PLGA/Exo-Mg-GA MOF, with a unique nanostructured interface using hADSCs-Exos, Mg2 + , and gallic acid (GA) [ 143 ]. … Abbreviations Apoptotic bodies Bone marrow stem cells Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Calcium ion Circular RNAs Endothelial cells Endothelial progenitor cells Extracellular vesicles Gallic acid Human adipose mesenchymal stem cells Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Human umbilical cord mesenchymal …

Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-κB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity.

Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed crosstalk between the two. The deficiency of Nrf2 elevates the expression of NF-κB, leading to increased production of inflammatory factors, while NF-κB can affect the expression of downstream target genes by regulating the transcription and activity of Nrf2. At the same time, many therapeutic drug-induced organ toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, dermal toxicity, and neurotoxi

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… What’s more, other drugs like gallic acid and quercetin attenuate INH-induced liver injury by improving hepatic redox homeostasis through influence on Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling cascades in Wistar rats ( Sanjay et al., 2021a ; Sanjay et al., 2021b ). … and inflammation response via NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathway Tovophyllin A | • Activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB inflammatory response via upregulating Sirt1 Limonin; Daphnetin | • Regulating Nrf2/Trx-1 axis via decreasing ASK1/JNK and Txnip/NLRP3 inflammasome Licochalcone A Isoniazid | Gallic …

New Avenues and Major Achievements in Phytocompounds Research for Glioblastoma Therapy.

Phytocompounds have been evaluated for their anti-glioblastoma actions for decades, with promising results from preclinical studies but only limited translation into clinics. Indeed, by targeting multiple signaling pathways deregulated in cancer, they often show high efficacy in the in vitro studies, but their poor bioavailability, low tumor accumulation, and rapid clearance compromise their efficacy in vivo. Here, we present the new avenues in phytocompound research for the improvement of glioblastoma therapy, including the ways to enhance the response to temozolomide using phytochemicals, th

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… . | [ 45 ] Temozolomide + gallic acid | phenolic acid | U87MG | in vitro | Potential augmentation of the anticancer effect of TMZ via the repression of Bcl-2 expression and Akt activation and the enhancement of the p38 MAPK pathway. | [ 46 ] Temozolomide + steroidal saponin (N45) | saponin | U87R | in … Gallic Acid Enhances the Anti-Cancer Effect of Temozolomide in Human Glioma Cell Line via Inhibition of Akt and P38-MAPK Pathway. Processes. 2022;10:448. doi: 10.3390/pr10030448. 47. Zhang S., Lu Y., Li H., Ji Y., Fang F., Tang H., Qiu P. A Steroidal Saponin Form Paris Vietnamensis (Takht.) …

Stochasticity of anticancer mechanisms underlying clinical effectiveness of vorinostat.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved vorinostat, also called Zolinza®, for its effectiveness in fighting cancer. This drug is a suberoyl-anilide hydroxamic acid belonging to the class of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Its HDAC inhibitory potential allows it to accumulate acetylated histones. This, in turn, can restore normal gene expression in cancer cells and activate multiple signaling pathways. Experiments have proven that vorinostat induces histone acetylation and cytotoxicity in many cancer cell lines, increases the level of p21 cell cycle proteins, and enhances p

Water Extracts of Hull-less Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar 'Boseokchal' Inhibit RANKL-induced Osteoclastogenesis.

Osteoporosis is a disease that leads to reduced bone mineral density. The increase in patient and medical costs because of global aging is recognized as a problem. Decreased bone mass is a common symptom of bone diseases such as Paget's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple myeloma. Osteoclasts, which directly affect bone mass, show a marked increase in differentiation and activation in the aforementioned diseases. Moreover, these multinucleated cells made from monocytes/macrophages under the influence of RANKL and M-CSF, are the only cells capable of resorbing bones. In this study, we f

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… According to the results of analyzing the contents of polyphenol and flavonoid component in BSC-W, the total polyphenol content was 8.73 ± 0.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and the total flavonoid content was 41.27 ± 1.46 mg quercetin equivalents/g. …

Therapeutic Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Chemoresistance and Chemoprotection in Cancer Treatment.

Chemotherapeutic drugs are indispensable in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is often lessened because of non-selective toxicity to healthy tissues, which triggers inflammatory pathways that are harmful to vital organs. In addition, tumors' resistance to drugs causes failures in treatment. Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, CGA), found in plants and vegetables, is promising in anticancer mechanisms. In vitro and animal studies have indicated that CGA can overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics and alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity by scavenging free radicals

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… It is estimated that a cup of Mate tea, containing one teaspoon (5 g) of instant Mate tea, provides an intake of approximately 1.5 g of gallic acid [ 44 ]. …

Lung cancer immunotherapy: progress, pitfalls, and promises.

Lung cancer is the primary cause of mortality in the United States and around the globe. Therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Medical management is often associated with the development of treatment resistance leading to relapse. Immunotherapy is profoundly altering the approach to cancer treatment owing to its tolerable safety profile, sustained therapeutic response due to immunological memory generation, and effectiveness across a broad patient population. Different tumor-specific vaccination strategies are

Nanotechnology and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This great mortality is due to its late diagnosis when the disease is already at advanced stages. Although the efforts made to develop more effective treatments, around 90% of cancer deaths are due to metastasis that confers a systemic character to the disease. Likewise, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that participate in all the events of the metastatic process. MMPs' augmented concentrations and an increased enzymatic activity have been considered bad prognosis markers of the disease. Therefore, synthetic inhib

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… For example, the nanoprobe constructed with gallic acid (GA), a natural phenolic compound conjugated with AuNPs (GA-AuNPs), can inhibit MMP-9 expression in EGF treated breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells ( Chen et al., 2016 ). … Gallic Acid-Capped Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit EGF-Induced MMP-9 Expression through Suppression of P300 Stabilization and NFκB/c-Jun Activation in Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 310 , 98 – 107 . 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.007 27634460 Choi J. W. Lee H. Lee G. Kim Y. R. Ahn M. …

Crosstalk between hypoxic cellular micro-environment and the immune system: a potential therapeutic target for infectious diseases.

There are overwhelming reports on the promotional effect of hypoxia on the malignant behavior of various forms of cancer cells. This has been proposed and tested exhaustively in the light of cancer immunotherapy. However, there could be more interesting functions of a hypoxic cellular micro-environment than malignancy. There is a highly intricate crosstalk between hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcriptional factor produced during hypoxia, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which has been well characterized in various immune cell types. This important crosstalk shares common activating an

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… . | Ongoing trial | Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome | NCT04122742 | Chen and Greene ( 152 ) Gallic acid | Inhibit NF-kB acetylation and consequent activation. | Unknown status | Dyslipidemia | NCT03805139 | Choi et al. ( 154 ) SN50 | Preventing NF-kB nuclear translocation | Unknown status | Neisseria meningitidis … Gallic Acid suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor-kappaB signaling by preventing RelA acetylation in A549 lung cancer cells . Mol Cancer Res ( 2009 ) 7 ( 12 ): 2011–21 . doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-09-0239 19996305 102 Storey J Gobbetti T Olzinski A Berridge BR . …

Sheng-Jiang Powder Alleviates Th17/Treg Immune Imadium of Experimental Autoimune Encephalomyelitis путем регулирования метаболизма жирных кислот.

Множественный склероз (MS) является одной из главных причин инвалидности среди молодежи, и иммунный дисбаланс между клеткой Т 17 (Th17) и клетками регулирования Т (Tregs) играет решающую роль в ее патогенезе. В настоящее время лечение MS в значительной степени зависит от иммунодепрессивных препаратов или глюкокортикоидов, которые часто имеют побочные эффекты и недостатки в эффективности. Порошок Шэн Цзян (SJP) — традиционная китайская медицина — продемонстрировал антивоспалительные эффекты и может предложить новый терапевтический вариант для MS.АИМ: Цель этого исследования заключалась в изучен

Herbal Medicine Ninjin'yoeito in the Treatment of Sarcopenia and Frailty.

Frailty and sarcopenia have recently gained considerable attention in terms of preventive care in Japan, which has an ever-increasing aging population. Sarcopenia is defined as atrophy of skeletal muscles caused by the age-related decrease in growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor and sex hormones. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare reports that frailty can lead to impairment of both mental and physical functioning. Chronic diseases such as diabetes and dementia may underlie frailty. It is important to prevent progression of frailty and extend the healthy lifespan. In herbal

Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in precl

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… Quercetin has also been combined with gallic acid, another potent natural antioxidant, to investigate their protective effect against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. … Unfortunately, the trial was terminated in 2021 due to difficulties recruiting eligible patients ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03274544 ) Summarized in Table 4 . 2.2.4 Epigallocatechin Gallate Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol, the ester from epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and …

Advances in Drug Delivery and Biomaterials: Facts and Vision.

Drug delivery and biomaterials are different fields of science but, at the same time, are tightly related and intertwined. The 2018 CRS Italy Chapter Annual Workshop aims to explore recent advances in design and development in these areas. Many colleagues from Europe participated to the Workshop, stimulating the discussion. To foster the discussion on recent research and networking opportunities, especially among younger attendees, all poster-presenting authors were asked to provide a short talk. The very friendly and stimulating atmosphere allowed the attendees to explore new frontiers and ta

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… In this study, two easily obtainable model compounds from plant tissues, namely gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA), were considered. …

Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model.

BACKGROUND: Every year, men use cyclophosphamide to treat various cancers and autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, this chemotherapy often has the beneficial effect of regressing the tumor, but on the other hand, it leads to infertility due to excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes caused by its metabolite, acrolein. METHODS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial power of a new compound called Hidrox®, containing 40-50% hydroxytyrosol, in counteracting the damage related to fertility induced by cyclophosphamide. The study was conducted using a single intr

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… Among these, the most abundant in HD is hydroxytyrosol, 40–50%, while 5–10% is oleuropein, 0.3% is tyrosol, and about 20% is oleuropein aglycone and gallic acid [ 66 , 67 ]. …

Therapeutic Uses and Pharmacological Properties of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum): A Systematic Review.

BackgroundShallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a traditional plant species used throughout the world both for culinary purposes and as a folk remedy. To date (i.e., April 2022), there is no report on the main pharmacological activities exerted by shallot preparations and/or extracts.Scope and approachThe aim of this study was to comprehensively review the pharmacological activities exerted by shallot, with rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the scientific rigor of studies. Prisma guidelines were followed to perform the literature search.Key findings and conclusionsThe literature

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… Moreover, the results are expressed using various measurements units (e.g., for DPPH assay, the results are expressed either using IC 50 value, mg Trolox Equivalents/g dw or fw, mg Gallic Acid Equivalents/g dw or fw, or expressed as a percent of inhibition), making a comparison between the extraction …

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms.

The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The in

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… The non-flavonoids class contains more intricate molecules, namely, benzoic acid, hydroxycinnamates, stilbenes, lignans, gallic acids tannins, and gallotannins. … The flavonoid category consists of two benzene rings, linked by a heterocyclic pyrone C-ring, and the non-flavonoid category contains more complicated molecules (benzoic acid, hydroxycinnamates, stilbenes, lignans, gallic acids tannins, and gallotannins) [ 56 , 57 ]. …

Nanoparticle-Mediated Combination Therapy: Two-in-One Approach for Cancer.

Cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolledgrowth and spread of abnormal cells, ultimately leading to death. Nanomedicine plays a significantrole in the development of nanodrugs, nanodevices, drug delivery systems and nanocarriers. Someof the major issues in the treatment of cancer are multidrug resistance (MDR), narrow therapeuticwindow and undesired side effects of available anticancer drugs and the limitations of anticancerdrugs. Several nanosystems being utilized for detection, diagnosis and treatment such as theranosticcarriers, liposomes, carbon nano

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… Normal fibroblast (3T3) and liver cancer cells (HepG2) were treated with different concentrations of GO, gallic acid (GA)-functionalized GO (GOGA), or GA for 72 h. Surprisingly, the GOGA nanocomposite showed an inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth without affecting normal cell growth [ 180 ]. …

Корреляция физико-химических свойств с антиоксидантной активностью в фенолах и тиофенолах.

Окисляющий стресс, связанный с чрезмерным производством реактивных видов кислорода и азота (ROS, RNS), способствует развитию и развитию многих заболеваний, таких, как старение, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона, диабет, рак, предэклампсия или множественный склероз. В то время как фенолы и полифенолы являются наиболее изученными структурно схожими соединениями антиоксидантов, такими, как анилины или тиофенолины, периодически анализируются, несмотря на их радикальный потенциал сбора. В ходе этой работы проводится оценка воздействия структурных особенностей

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… Free radical scavenging activity of gallic acid toward various reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species: A DFT approach. Free Radic. Res. 57 , 81–90. 10.1080/10715762.2023.2197556 (2023). 41. Mittal, A. & Kakkar, R. …