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Evaluation of Proteasome Inhibitors in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and it has a worse prognosis than non-small cell lung cancer. The pathomechanism of IPF is not fully understood, but it has been suggested that repeated microinjuries of epithelial cells induce a wound healing response, during which fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts. These activated myofibroblasts express α smooth muscle actin and release extracellular matrix to promote matrix deposition and tissue remodeling. Under physiological conditions, the remodeling process stops once wound heal

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… Mechanisms of Pulmonary Fibrosis Pulmonary fibrosis is an end-stage pathological change caused by chronic repetitive alveolar injuries of various causes (such as heredity, infection, and environmental exposure), resulting in excessive ECM deposition and accumulation. …

Emerging Role of Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Response.

Breast cancer pathogenesis, treatment, and patient outcomes are shaped by tumor-intrinsic genomic alterations that divide breast tumors into molecular subtypes. These molecular subtypes often dictate viable therapeutic interventions and, ultimately, patient outcomes. However, heterogeneity in therapeutic response may be a result of underlying epigenetic features that may further stratify breast cancer patient outcomes. In this review, we examine non-genetic mechanisms that drive functional changes to chromatin in breast cancer to contribute to cell and tumor fitness and highlight how epigeneti

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… Epigenetics and gene expression Heredity 2010 105 4 13 10.1038/hdy.2010.54 20461105 17. Fyodorov D.V. Zhou B.R. Skoultchi A.I. Bai Y. Emerging roles of linker histones in regulating chromatin structure and function Nat. Rev. Mol. …

Control of viral infections by epigenetic-targeted therapy.

Epigenetics is defined as the science that studies the modifications of gene expression that are not owed to mutations or changes in the genetic sequence. Recently, strong evidences are pinpointing toward a solid interplay between such epigenetic alterations and the outcome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Guided by the previous possibly promising experimental trials of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epigenetic reprogramming, the latter is paving the road toward two major approaches to control viral gene expression or latency. Reactivating HCMV from the latent phase ("shock and k

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… Although the epigenetic term is well thought out to be a large umbrella under which falls concepts related to development, heredity, and evolution [ 2 ], recent technical advancements have narrowed the term’s definition in the standpoint of molecular biology [ 3 ]. …

Transplantation Tolerance through Hematopoietic Chimerism: Progress and Challenges for Clinical Translation.

The perception that transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells can confer tolerance to any tissue or organ from the same donor is widely accepted but it has not yet become a treatment option in clinical routine. The reasons for this are multifaceted but can generally be classified into safety and efficacy concerns that also became evident from the results of the first clinical pilot trials. In comparison to standard immunosuppressive therapies, the infection risk associated with the cytotoxic pre-conditioning necessary to allow allogeneic bone marrow engraftment and the risk of developing gra

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… Heredity (1951) 5(3):379–97. 10.1038/Hdy.1951.38 5. Owen RD. Immunogenetic consequences of vascular anastomoses between bovine twins. Science (1945) 102(2651):400–1. 10.1126/science.102.2651.400 6. Billingham RE, Brent L, Medawar PB. Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells. …

Modulating epigenetic modifications for cancer therapy (Review).

Cancer is a global public health concern. Alterations in epigenetic processes are among the earliest genomic aberrations occurring during cancer development and are closely related to progression. Unlike genetic mutations, aberrations in epigenetic processes are reversible, which opens the possibility for novel pharmacological treatments. Non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent an essential epigenetic mechanism, and emerging evidence links ncRNAs to carcinogenesis. Epigenetic drugs (epidrugs) are a group of promising target therapies for cancer treatment acting as coadjuvants to reverse drug resist

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… cell lines Anticancer Res 31 1093 1103 2011 21508352 PMC3866806 127 Lee MJ Kim YS Kummar S Giaccone G Trepel JB Histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy Curr Opin Oncol 20 639 649 2008 10.1097/CCO.0b013e3283127095 18841045 PMC7251642 128 Gibney ER Nolan CM Epigenetics and gene expression Heredity …

From Cells to Environment: Exploring the Interplay between Factors Shaping Bone Health and Disease.

The skeletal system is an extraordinary structure that serves multiple purposes within the body, including providing support, facilitating movement, and safeguarding vital organs. Moreover, it acts as a reservoir for essential minerals crucial for overall bodily function. The intricate interplay of bone cells plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis, ensuring a delicate balance. However, various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, can disrupt this vital physiological process. These factors encompass genetics, aging, dietary and lifestyle choices, the gut microbiome, environment

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… In addition to restricting bone formation in humans, heredity also controls bone shape, the rate of bone deterioration, and the skeletal system’s reaction to environmental cues like physical activity and nutrition. …

Hematopoietic chimerism and transplantation tolerance: a role for regulatory T cells.

The immunosuppressive regimens currently used in transplantation to prevent allograft destruction by the host's immune system have deleterious side effects and fail to control chronic rejection processes. Induction of donor-specific non-responsiveness (i.e., immunological tolerance) to transplants would solve these problems and would substantially ameliorate patients' quality of life. It has been proposed that bone marrow or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, and resulting (mixed) hematopoietic chimerism, lead to immunological tolerance to organs of the same donor. However, a careful ana

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… Heredity 6 , 201 – 212 10.1038/hdy.1952.20 Blom D. Morrissey N. J. Mesonero C. Coppage M. Fisher T. Zuo X. J. Jordan S. C. Orloff M. S. ( 1996 ). Induction of specific tolerance through mixed hematopoietic chimerism prevents chronic renal allograft rejection in a rat model . …

Systemic Consequences of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Beyond Immune-Mediated Manifestations.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management traditionally focuses on intestinal inflammation, yet extraintestinal manifestations can substantially impair patient quality of life. In this perspective, we emphasize the broad systemic impact of IBD-from highly prevalent conditions such as anemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or fatigue to rare but severe complications like interstitial lung disease and drug-induced glomerulonephritis. We review underlying mechanisms linking gut inflammation to distant organs, including immune dysregulation, microbial translocation, an

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… However, voluntary childlessness remains common, largely driven by concerns regarding pregnancy, heredity, and disease flare-ups [ 99 , 100 ]. …

Drug delivery for age-related bone diseases: From therapeutic targets to common and emerging therapeutic strategies.

With the accumulation of knowledge on aging, people have gradually realized that among the many factors that cause individual aging, the accumulation of aging cells is an essential cause of organ degeneration and, ultimately, age-related diseases. Most cells present in the bone microenvironment gradually age over time, leading to an imbalance of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. This imbalance contributes to age-related bone loss and the development of age-related bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Bone aging can prolong the lifespan and delay the developmen

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… Introduction Aging is an irreversible degenerative change in the structure and function of various tissues and organs under the influence of multiple factors, such as heredity, mental stress, and environmental pollution, both in vivo and in vitro ( Corrêa, 2018 ). …

Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is one of the primary causes of worldwide human deaths. Most cancer patients receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but these treatments are usually only partially efficacious and lead to a variety of serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. The emergence of nanotechnology has had a profound impact on general clinical treatment. The application of nanotechnology has facilitated the development of nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that are highly tumor selective and allow for the slow release of active anticancer drugs. In recent years, veh

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… In addition, the gradual acquisition of specific heredity and epigenetics in cancer cells during the treatment process greatly contributes to acquired drug resistance [ 54 ]. …

Protective Effects of Flavonoids Against Mitochondriopathies and Associated Pathologies: Focus on the Predictive Approach and Personalized Prevention.

Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a "vicious circle" that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to pred

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… The simplicity of analysis of mitochondrial genome sequencing due to the availability of consensus human sequence could help to recognize mtDNA disorders in terms of heredity. Other mtDNA mutations associated with mitochondrial dysfunction are acquired during life by the aging process. …

Characteristics and advances in signaling pathways, cellular communication, cell junctions, and oxidative stress in lymphedema.

Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disease without an effective treatment method, and it results in a high disease burden and psychological distress in patients. Although there have been significant advances in targeted therapies, there are still no effective options to treat this refractory disease. In recent years, new advances and breakthroughs have been made in signaling pathways, including RAS/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, VEGF-C/VEGFR-3, HGF/MET, and TGF-β1, which are important for understanding the pathogenesis and disease progression of lymphedema. Mutations in genes encoding cell junctions affect

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… Category | Primary lymphedema | Secondary lymphedema Pathogenesis | LEC dysplasia/vasculature dysfunction | Injury lymphatic dysfunction Key mechanisms | Genic mutation | Heredity | Infection Filariasis (global), virus, bacterial | Cancer treatment: Surgery, radiotherapy (Western prevalence) | Regional …

UMIB Summit 2015

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… Due to the reported heredity of microdeletions, patients should be informed about the infertile consequences on the NB and the possibility of using preimplantation genetic diagnosis for female sex selection. …

The Impact and Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise in Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is a major global health issue, and exercise has become a key supportive treatment. It contributes to reducing cancer risk, enhancing prognosis, and aiding recovery, especially for survivors. However, the exact mechanisms, such as how exercise reduces cancer risk or enhances treatment, are still unclear. Current research often focuses on specific cancer types, ignoring the diverse needs of patients. This limits the development of personalized exercise plans. Additionally, there is insufficient comparison of exercise types-like aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training-re

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… Nowadays, with the increase in risks of heredity, virus infection, and bad living habits, although the incidence rate of cancer among young people is relatively low, they are still likely to suffer from cancer. …

Spinal lesions: a comprehensive radiologic overview.

Spinal lesions encompass a diverse range of pathologies, including primary and secondary tumors, infectious processes, vascular malformations, traumatic injuries, and degenerative conditions, each with distinct imaging characteristics crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Imaging plays vital roles in assessing lesion morphology, anatomical localization, and neurological impact, guiding clinical decision-making and therapeutic planning. This review systematically explores spinal lesions based on their anatomical compartments, highlighting key radiological features and providing a compr

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… Genetic studies, including twin research, have shown that heredity accounts for up to 74% of variance in disc degeneration, with specific gene polymorphisms playing a role ( 100 ). …

The roles of Cryptochrome-1: the circadian clock as a control point in cancer therapy.

In this review, we carefully describe the composition and operation of cryptochrome-1 (CRY1). We introduce four related signaling pathways, namely cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling way, HIFα signaling way, NF-κB signaling way, STAT3 signaling way, FOXO signaling pathway and Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway. We also emphasize the current understanding of the complex roles CRY1 plays in the progression of various solid tumors. We propose that its function represents a novel therapeutic target that could pave the way for new cancer treatments. Additionally, we summarize three emerging therapeutic strategies

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… DNA repair The DNA molecule, which is the fundamental unit of heredity, is inherently reactive and highly prone to chemical alterations by both endogenous and exogenous agents [ 75 ]. …

Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: position statement of the German Cardiac Society (DGK).

Systemic forms of amyloidosis affecting the heart are mostly light-chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidoses. The latter is caused by deposition of misfolded transthyretin, either in wild-type (ATTRwt) or mutant (ATTRv) conformation. For diagnostics, specific serum biomarkers and modern non-invasive imaging techniques, such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and scintigraphic methods, are available today. These imaging techniques do not only complement conventional echocardiography, but also allow for accurate assessment of the extent of cardiac involvement, in addition t

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… The clinical manifestation of ATTRv amyloidosis depends on the mutation and other factors such as age at diagnosis, heredity pattern, gender, geographical conditions, and ethnicity [ 28 ]. …

Research Communications of the 26th ECVIM‐CA Congress

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Diseases of the Nervous System

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Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors.

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be acc